三聚氰胺添加方式对胶合板用UF胶粘剂性能的影响

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和三聚氰胺为改性剂,制备出一种环保型UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂。探讨了三聚氰胺的添加方式(包括其添加量、初期和中期投入比例等)对UF性能的影响。结果表明:在试验工艺条件下,当w(总三聚氰胺)=6%(相对于尿素质量而言)、w(前期三聚氰胺)=1%和w(中期三聚氰胺)=5%时,胶合板的甲醛释放量(0.27 mg/L)相对最低,胶接强度(0.71 MPa)达到II类板的标准要求;当w(前期三聚氰胺)=w(中期三聚氰胺)=3%时,胶合板的胶接强度(0.76 MPa)相对最高,但甲醛释放量(0.56 mg/L)只能达到E1级标准要求。     

耐水级MUF的固化特性对胶合板胶接性能的影响

采用一步法制备耐水级的三聚氰胺/脲醛树脂(MUF),并对缩聚阶段的n(F)∶n(U1)比例、固化剂的种类等对固化物的热性能和力学性能的影响进行了探讨。结果表明:固化物的力学性能随着固化体系的不同而异;对A固化体系(氯化铵、甲酸)而言,其峰值温度最低,固化速率最快,固化比较完全,胶接强度最高;而对潜伏性的C固化体系(氯化铵、甲酸、对苯磺酸)而言,其甲醛释放量最高,固化速率最慢。随着缩聚阶段n(F)∶n(U1)比例的增加,固化物的胶接强度增加、甲醛释放量降低。当n(F)∶n(U)=1.3∶1、n(F)∶n(U1)=1.9∶1和V(A固化剂)∶m(胶液)=6 mL∶100 g时,胶合板的综合性能最好;此时,胶合板的胶接强度为0.80 MPa,甲醛释放量(为0.35 mg/L)达到了E0级的国家标准。     

苯酚/聚乙烯醇改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的制备及性能研究

以苯酚和聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为改性剂,采用正交试验法探讨了最终n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)、苯酚含量以及PVA含量对脲醛树脂(UF)的游离甲醛含量和胶接强度的影响。研究结果表明:当最终n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)=1.2∶1、w(苯酚)=20%和w(PVA)=1.0%(均相对于尿素总质量而言)时,苯酚/PVA改性UF的游离甲醛含量、胶接强度等均能满足GB/T 14732—2006标准中Ⅱ类胶合板的要求,并且相应胶合板的甲醛释放量(为1.70 mg/L)远低于GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中E2级指标要求。     

氧化淀粉改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成工艺研究

以氧化淀粉作为改性剂,采用正交试验法探讨了最终n(甲醛或F)∶n(尿素或U)、淀粉氧化时间、氧化淀粉加入量和交联时间等对氧化淀粉改性UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量和胶接强度的影响。研究结果表明:当最终n(F)∶n(U)=1.2∶1、淀粉氧化时间为3 h、氧化淀粉加入量为10%(相对于甲醛和尿素总质量而言)和交联时间为60 min时,氧化淀粉改性UF胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量低于0.09%、胶接强度为1.48 MPa且耐水性明显提高;此时,相应胶合板的甲醛释放量(0.04 mg/L)满足GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中E0级指标要求。     

高替代率竹焦油酚醛树脂的合成工艺研究

竹焦油是竹炭产业的副产物之一,富含酚类物质,可部分替代昂贵苯酚合成竹焦油酚醛树脂(BPF)。以n(苯酚)/n(甲醛)、竹焦油替代率、n(NaOH)/n(苯酚)和反应时间为试验因素,以BPF的黏度和游离酚含量、相应胶合板的胶接强度和甲醛释放量为考核指标,采用正交试验法优选合成高替代率环保型BPF的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当n(苯酚)/n(甲醛)=2.0、竹焦油替代率为50%、n(NaOH)/n(苯酚)=0.35和反应时间为60 min时,由BPF胶粘剂压制而成的胶合板,其胶接强度和甲醛释放量分别达到GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中Ⅰ类胶合板和E0级的指标要求。     

强酸工艺制备低甲醛释放量的MUF胶粘剂

采用强酸工艺制备低F(甲醛)释放量的MUF[M(三聚氰胺)改性UF(脲醛树脂)]胶粘剂,并探讨了M掺量、固化剂类型及掺量对胶合板性能的影响。研究结果表明:当w(M)=4%(相对于F和U总质量而言)、w(硫酸铵)=2%(相对于UF的质量而言)时,MUF胶粘剂的综合性能相对最好;由该胶粘剂压制而成的3层胶合板的胶接强度(为1.5 MPa)相对最大,5层胶合板的F释放量(为0.33 mg/L)达到E0级Ⅱ类胶合板的标准要求。     

E_1级胶合板用改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的制备方法研究

选用弱酸-弱碱-弱酸-弱碱工艺制备脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂,研究了n[甲醛(F)]∶n[尿素(U)]、初始p H、反应温度和三聚氰胺(M)掺量对游离F含量和胶接强度的影响。研究结果表明:当n(F)∶n(U)=1.2∶1.0、起始p H为6.5、反应温度为85℃和w(M)=6%(相对于U总质量而言)时,UF胶粘剂的游离F含量(0.17%)符合国家标准要求(≤0.3%),胶合板的F释放量(1.17 mg/L)达到GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中E1级指标要求(≤1.5 mg/L),胶接强度(从0.46 MPa提高到0.97 MPa)达到了国家标准中II类胶合板的指标要求,耐水性也明显提高。     

E_0级胶合板用间苯二酚改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研制

以间苯二酚为改性剂,采用弱酸起始合成工艺制备了UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂,并着重探讨了合成工艺条件对UF胶粘剂游离F(甲醛)含量和胶接强度的影响。研究结果表明:当n(F)∶n[尿素(U)]=1.1∶1.0、初始p H=5.5、w(间苯二酚)=4%(相对于U质量而言)和反应温度为85℃时,UF胶粘剂中的游离F含量降至0.05%,胶合板的F释放量达到了E_0级水平(≤0.50 mg/L)、胶接强度(0.81 MPa)达到Ⅱ类胶合板的指标要求,并且耐水性明显提高。     

无卤氮磷系阻燃剂对阻燃三元乙丙橡胶胶料性能的影响

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为主体材料,分别采用5种无卤氮磷系阻燃剂FR-680,206,AT-903C,FR35RP和FR21RP(用量为110份)制备阻燃EPDM胶料,考察5种无卤氮磷系阻燃剂对EPDM胶料性能的影响。结果表明：5种无卤氮磷系阻燃剂均能明显提高EPDM硫化胶的阻燃性能,EPDM硫化胶的极限氧指数均在30%以上;填充阻燃剂FR-680和FR35RP的EPDM硫化胶具有优异的物理性能,但其阻燃性能相对较差;填充阻燃剂FR21RP的EPDM硫化胶的拉伸强度为7.0 MPa,极限氧指数为39%,总热释放量最大值为83.43 MJ·m^-2,总烟释放量最小值为462.42 m²·m^-2,其综合性能最佳。     

耐水胶合板用环保乳清蛋白基水性胶粘剂

乳清蛋白是干酪加工过程中所产生的一种副产品,除被用作食品添加剂外,仍有相当数量乳清蛋白并未得到有效利用。为了实现乳清蛋白的高附加值利用,本文以乳清蛋白为原料,研制了具有良好耐久性和环保的乳清蛋白基胶合板用水性胶粘剂,并评价了变性处理、改性剂种类及其用量对乳清胶粘剂的胶合性能及游离甲醛释放量的影响。结果表明,热变性使乳清蛋白胶粘剂的胶接耐久性提高;不同改性剂对乳清蛋白胶粘剂的性能影响不同。采用1％多异氰酸酯改性胶接耐久性最好;采用0．15％戊二醛／1％乙二醛改性胶接强度最高。中试结果表明,所研制的耐水性环保乳清蛋白基胶合板胶粘剂的干胶接强度达到1．98MPa,煮－烘－煮28h后湿胶接强度为1．14MPa,游离甲醛释放量仅为0035mg／L（干燥器法）,达到了1ISK6806--2003环保结构胶合板用胶粘剂要求。     

叶蜡石改性膨胀型涂料阻燃性能研究

为了提高木质胶合板的阻燃性能,以聚磷酸铵(APP)-季戊四醇(PER)-尿素为基础配方,叶蜡石粉作为改性添加剂制备膨胀型阻燃涂料(IFRC);采用锥形量热仪、静态接触角测量仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和拉力机等仪器对试样的阻燃性能、疏水性能和力学性能进行了表征,并且研究了叶蜡石粉含量对所制备涂料性能的影响。结果表明:在膨胀型阻燃涂料中加入适量的叶蜡石可以提高涂料的阻燃效果,当掺加叶蜡石粉的质量分数为2%时,涂料的火灾增长指数(FGI)降低了47%,火灾性能指数(FPI)增加了89%,并且阻燃性能指数(FRI)提高至2.5倍;叶蜡石粉的加入促进涂层在燃烧过程中形成连续致密的炭层结构,并形成了可以有效隔绝氧气和热量的熔融态物质,进一步增强了涂料的阻燃隔热性能;此时涂层的疏水性能和燃烧后木质胶合板的力学性能达到最佳,水接触角增大了8°,拉伸强度提高了45%,断裂伸长率也提高至8.5倍。本文研究结果对木质胶合板阻燃体系涂料配方的开发有一定的参考作用。     

The Influence of FRW-1 Fire Retardant Treatment on the Bonding of Plywood

In this work the influence of FRW-1 fire retardant treatment on the bonding strength of plywood was studied. The results showed that the bonding strength of FRW-1 fire-retardant-treated Poplar plywood decreased by 25.3% as compared to untreated plywood; furthermore, free formaldehyde in the fire-retardant-treated Poplar plywood decreased by 64.9% when compared to untreated plywood. In our studies we also analyzed: the pH value and the buffering capacity of fire-retardant-treated and untreated wood powder; and the influence of FRW-1 fire retardant treatment on the gelation time of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. The results show that FRW-1 fire retardants reduced the pH value and increased the buffering capacity of FRW-1 fire-retardant-treated wood powder. The gelation time of the UF adhesive mixed with FRW-1 fire-retardanttreated wood powder was shortened by 15% as compared with the untreated wood powder. The results of the scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the FRW-1 fire retardant was mainly confined to: the trachea lumen of the Poplar wood; the wall of trachea; as well as around the pits when using an impregnation method at ambient temperature and pressure. It is possible that this has led to the decrease in mechanical action between the veneer and the adhesive.     

阻燃胶合板的制作与性能研究

本文采用自行研制的磷、氮类复合型（ＦＲＬ－３０２Ⅱ型）液体木材阻燃剂。开发了湿芯板冷热浸及湿表板连续性过浸后陈化一次烘干的阻燃处理新工艺,提高了生产效率和浸渍效果。采用自行研究配制的磷、氮类复合型阻燃胶粘剂进行粘接,使产品的阻燃性能符合Ｂ_１级（难燃性）建筑材料的要求,胶合强度符合Ⅱ类胶合板的要求。生产工艺简单,阻燃处理成本低,阻燃效能高,产品的物理力学性能与普通胶合板同等的特点。     

A hybrid intumescent fire retardant coating from cake- and eggshell-type IFRC

In this study the applicability of flame retardant mixed with a carbon source (such as pentaerythritol) for the intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) daubed on the top of a piece of plywood was investigated. There are three kinds of flame retardants used in this study: (1) artificial mesophase graphite powder (MGP), (2) sericite (Al₄(OH)₄(KAlSi₃O₁₀)₂), and (3) graphite. The desirable sizes of graphite, MGP and sericite were obtained by sieving. The graphite, MGP and sericite were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The IFRC, which consisted of 19.8% of flame retardant (or flame retardant mixed with carbon source), 15% of dehydrate agent, 18% of foaming agent, 7.2% of resin binder, and 40% of solvent, was prepared and daubed on the top of plywood. The fire protection capability of IFRC was tested using a flammability 45° tester. A conventional IFRC (with the carbon source) was also prepared to study the effect of adding the mixture of flame retardant and carbon source on the fire protection capability of IFRC. The microstructures of the conventional IFRC, the IFRC with flame retardant, and the hybrid IFRC (with flame retardant and carbon source) were inferred and demonstrated using SEM micrographs of the cross-section of three kinds of burnt IFRC. Most interestingly, the fire protection capability of the hybrid IFRC exceeds that of the conventional IFRC even though the percentage of carbon in the burnt hybrid IFRC is less than that in the burnt conventional IFRC.     

Fire hazard evaluation of thermoplastics based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method

Combustibility performance of 14 compositions including five main thermoplastics (polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)) was tested by cone calorimeter. The fire growth index, total heat release amount index, total smoke release amount index and toxicity product index were calculated, based on which an index system for evaluating fire hazard was set up. All factors in this index system had been analyzed by the analytic hierarchy process, and the specific weight for each factor had been determined. Then fire hazard of thermoplastics was evaluated considering integrated fire hazard index. The results show that fire hazards of HIPS‐phosphate fire retardant (PFR), PVC‐non‐flame retardant, ABS‐brominated flame retardant (BFR) and PC/ABS‐PFR are higher than PC‐BFR and PP‐non‐halogenated flame retardant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反应型磷氮阻燃剂/可膨胀石墨复配阻燃聚氨酯泡沫

将反应型阻燃剂六(4-磷酸二乙酯羟甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(HPHPCP)和可膨胀石墨(EG)复配,制备了阻燃聚氨酯泡沫,详细研究了复配阻燃剂对聚氨酯泡沫的物理力学性能、热稳定性以及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的密度和热导率随着复配阻燃剂中EG含量的增加而升高;压缩强度随着EG含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势。热失重表明复配阻燃剂大大提高了聚氨酯泡沫的热稳定性。聚氨酯泡沫的初始分解温度(T_10%)从212.9℃,分别提高到222.0、231.2和243.2℃;700℃残炭量从7.6%分别提高到26.3%、31.6%和37.9%。聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能随着复配阻燃剂中EG含量的增加而提高。阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的极限氧指数从19%提高到29%,均能通过UL-94水平燃烧HF-1等级和垂直燃烧V-0等级。     

消防服用多层织物的热防护性能

研究了消防服用多层织物的热防护性能,对单层织物的热防护性能及十种多层组合织物的热防护性能分别进行了研究分析,得出以下结论:就单层纤维成分相同的阻燃面料而言,热防护系数(TPP)值与织物的厚度、面密度具有显著的正相关性;多层组合织物中,外层及防水透湿层为覆聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜的阻燃帆布、隔热层为芳纶1313针刺毡、舒适层为芳纶-阻燃黏胶的8#样品的防护性能最好,就阻燃防护性能方面而言,是最适合用于消防员灭火消防服的面料。     

某些满足特殊应用要求的环保型阻燃剂

综述了几种环保型、高性能阻燃剂(以次膦酸盐为基的工程塑料用无卤阻燃剂、电子层压线路板用无卤反应型阻燃剂、软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料用低雾值无卤阻燃剂及工程塑料用溴代苯乙烯共聚物)的独特性能及应用范畴，预期它们在一些高新技术领域具有应用前景。     

Thermal degradation and fire performance of plywood treated with expanded vermiculite

The new flame‐retardant plywood was manufactured by adding expanded vermiculite (EVMT) in the adhesive and by surface treatment as a flame‐retardant coating. The study discussed the effect of EVMT to the limited oxygen index values of samples. The thermal degradation process of plywood samples has been investigated by thermal analysis. The result showed that EVMT increased all the limited oxygen index values of the treated samples and decreased the thermal activation energy at a high degree of degradation. Scanning electron microscope (FEI, Holland, The Netherlands) images showed that EVMT could form a protective coating, which improved the flame retardancy of plywood. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

可膨胀石墨在膨胀型防火涂料中的性能研究

膨胀型防火涂料是防火涂料中的主要类型,具有低烟、少毒、无卤化的特点,受热时发生膨胀,生成导热系数较小的炭质层.延缓热量向基材的蔓延,呈高效的阻燃效果,为灭火赢得宝贵的时间,是实现阻燃剂无卤化的很有希望的途径之一,近年来已经被广泛用于建筑结构的防火处理。