PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的研究进展

概述了PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的研究及发展现状，总结了离子交换、偶联剂处理、接枝改性等粘土的表面处理方法及直接熔融插层、原位插层聚合、共混等PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的制备方法，并分析了PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的性能及其发展前景。     

开环聚合酚醛树脂基复合材料的研究：MDAPF1—EGF玻璃布层压板的研制

采用含环状结构苯并恶嗪的中间体与环氧树脂共混，加入适量催化剂，通过开环聚合，制得一种新型酚醛树脂基玻璃布层压板（ＭＤＡＰＦ１－ＥＧＦ），并用凝胶化时间、ＤＴＡ、ＴＢＡ等方法研究了树脂的固化行为，讨论了催化剂用量的影响，确定了较为合理的工艺条件。性能测试表明，由ＴＧＡ求得的固化树脂的耐热温度为２１０℃；玻璃布层压板在１８０℃的弯曲强度为２７０ＭＰａ，适用于耐高温结构材料。     

有机粘土/聚烯烃弹性体纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔体插层法制备有机粘土/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)纳米复合材料,研究有机粘土起始片层间距及用量对复合材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明:POE分子链插层进入有机粘土片层之间形成插层结构,并且有机粘土起始层间距越大,所制备纳米复合材料的物理性能越好.随着有机粘土用量的增大,有机粘土/POE纳米复合材料物理性能逐渐提高.     

SBS/粘土纳米复合材料的制备和性能研究

通过溶液插层法制备了苯乙烯—丁二烯—苯乙烯聚合物(SBS)／粘土纳米复合材料，并用X射线衍射透射电子显微镜分析其纳米分散结构及形态。研究结果表明：所得复合材料为插层型纳米复合材料；与SBS相比，SBS／粘土纳米复合材料断裂拉伸强度和300％定伸强度显著提高，储能模量明显提高。     

聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展

介绍了聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展,阐述了其制备方法如原位聚合插层法、溶液插层法、熔融插层法等,详述了聚乳酸添加纳米层状硅酸盐后结构与性能的变化,包括复合材料的微观结构、结晶性能、热性能、力学性能、流变性能、加工性能、阻隔性能、阻燃性能的变化。研究表明,采用不同的制备方法如原位聚合插层法、溶液插层法、熔融插层法等能制得插层型、剥离型以及插层与剥离混合型聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料;添加纳米层状硅酸盐后,得到的聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料结晶速率提高,结晶度增加,说明层状硅酸盐起到了成核剂的作用;热稳定性、拉伸模量和冲击强度、阻透性能和阻燃性能都有不同程度提高;流变性能也得到改善。     

粘土插层研究进展

本文对粘土插层复合材料的制备方法和性能研究进行了综述。根据粘土插层机理和方法的不同,介绍了溶液插层法、原位插层聚合法和熔融插层法三种插层方法,并分析总结了这三种制备技术的插层剂选择原则、适用范围及优缺点。介绍了粘土插层复合材料在多个领域的应用,并展望了其应用前景。     

硫化压力对NBR/粘土纳米复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用熔体插层法制备了NBR/粘土纳米复合材料(NBRCNs),并对其在不同硫化压力下的微观结构及性能进行研究。结果表明,随着硫化压力的增大NBR/粘土纳米复合材料的力学性能呈下降趋势,而阻燃性能则呈上升趋势;NBR/粘土纳米复合材料的高温使用性能欠佳。     

蒙脱土/橡胶纳米复合材料的研究进展

概述了蒙脱土／橡胶纳米复合材料的结构、制备方法及性能，并展望了其应用前景。根据蒙脱土片层的分散情况可将蒙脱土/橡胶纳米复合材料分为普通型、插层型和剥离型；复合材料的制备方法包括单体插层原位聚合法、橡胶溶液插层法、液体橡胶插层法、橡胶乳酸插层法、橡胶熔体插层法及小分子与大分子的结合插层法；复合材料具有良好的加工性能、优异的力学性能及阻隔性能等，广泛用于轮胎内胎、气密层、胶带、胶鞋等制品。     

原位插层聚合法制备纳米复合材料的研究进展

原位插层聚合法是一种被广泛应用制备纳米复合材料的方法,其制备出的产品结构性能突出而备受关注。本文介绍了利用原位插层聚合法合成的纳米复合材料的性能及其应用,以复合材料在聚烯烃、聚氨酯、石墨等方面的进展为基础进行了综述,并提出了原位插层聚合法目前所面临的问题及发展方向。     

粘土/炭黑/NR纳米复合材料的性能研究

在乳液插层法制备的粘土／NR纳米复合材料中加入炭黑，制得粘土／炭黑／NR纳米复合材料，并对其微观结构和性能进行研究。结果表明，炭黑的加入并没有影响粘土在NR基体中的分散状态，粘士炭黑和在NR基体中均达到纳米级分散；炭黑的加入削弱了粘土所形成填料网络的强度，从而改善了复合材料的加工性能；与粘土／NR纳米复合材料相比，粘土／炭黑／NR纳米复合材料的综合物理性能较好。     

环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的研究

采用原位插层聚合法制备环氧树脂／粘土纳米复合材料，用X衍射（XRD），红外光谱（FTIR），差示扫描量热法（DSC），扫描电镜（SEM）对有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）和环氧树脂／粘土纳米复合材料进行测试与表征，结果表明，与纯环氧树脂固化物相比，环氧树脂／粘土纳米复合材料的力学，热学性能有较大的改善和提高。     

Polymerization kinetics and thermal properties of dicyanate/clay nanocomposites

The polymerization kinetics and thermal properties of dicyanate/clay nanocomposites were investigated. A type of organically modified clay was used as nanometer‐size fillers for the thermosetting dicyanate resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the curing behavior of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposite systems. The polymerization rate of the nanocomposite systems increased with increasing clay content. An autocatalytic reaction mechanism could adequately describe the polymerization kinetics of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposite systems. The polymerization kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the DSC conversion data to the proposed kinetic equation. The glass‐transition temperature of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposites increased with increasing clay content. The thermal decomposition behavior of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1955–1960, 2004     

新型增韧剂对PBT/PC合金增韧的研究

以双烯烃、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,采用种子聚合技术,合成了具有核-壳结构的接枝共聚物(MIS树脂),并与PBT/PC合金共混.结果表明,MIS树脂为15～18份时,PBT/PC合金的冲击强度最大.加入MIS树脂后,PBT/PC合金的断层明星,而且出现了很多小空洞,提高了PBT/PC合金的力学性能.MIS树脂可以用...     

Improved dispersion of clay platelets in poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposite by ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic oligomers: Effect of the processing conditions and comparison with nanocomposites obtained by melt intercalation

Poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites with organically modified montmorillonites have been prepared by in‐situ ring opening polymerization of PBT cyclic oligomers. High molecular weight polymers can be obtained by choosing the proper polymerization conditions and catalyst in very short polymerization time (10 min) and low temperature (205°C). A better dispersion of the clay and a consistently higher M_w have been obtained by this method respect to the standard melt intercalation approach, leading to improved thermo‐mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Synthesis of nanocomposite polymers by UV-radiation curing

Clay-based nanocomposite polymers have been synthesized by photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization of acrylate and epoxy functionalized oligomers. The solvent-free resin containing a small amount (3 wt%) of organophilic clay was cured within seconds upon UV irradiation at ambient temperature. The polymerization reaction was followed by infrared spectroscopy and shown to proceed at a great extent in thick samples (2 mm), due to the higher exotherm and the resulting rise in temperature. The organoclay was shown to have no slowing down effect on the photopolymerization of both acrylate and epoxy resins. The addition of clay nanoparticles was found to reduce the gloss of UV-cured coatings due to an enhanced surface roughness. The viscoelastic and tensile properties of the nanocomposite photopolymer were comparable to those of the neat UV-cured polymer, while their resistance to moisture was significantly increased.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites with various organoclays

Layered‐silicate‐based polymer–clay nanocomposite materials were prepared depending on the surface modification of montmorillonite (MMT). Nanocomposites consisting of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) as a matrix and dispersed inorganic clay modified with cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), benzyl dimethyl N‐hexadecyl ammonium chloride, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide by direct melt intercalation were studied. The organoclay loading was varied from 1 to 5 wt %. The organoclays were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to compute the crystallographic spacing and with thermogravimetric analysis to study the thermal stability. Detailed investigations of the mechanical and thermal properties as well as a dispersion study by XRD of the PBT/clay nanocomposites were conducted. X‐ray scattering showed that the layers of organoclay were intercalated with intercalating agents. According to the results of a differential scanning calorimetry analysis, clay acted as a nucleating agent, affecting the crystallization. The PBT nanocomposites containing clay treated with CPC showed good mechanical properties because of intercalation into the polymer matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Effect of both silane‐grafted and ion‐exchanged organophilic clay in structural,thermal, and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester nanocomposites

Unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin including styrene monomer was mixed with organophilic montmorillonite (MMT) clay and its crosslinking polymerization reaction was done in the presence of free‐radical initiator. MMT clay was modified with cetyl trimethly ammonium bromide and trimethoxy vinyl silane. The nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses (TGA and DMA). The exfoliated nanocomposite structure was obtained when the MMT clay was modified in the presence of both modifiers, whereas individual modifications all resulted in intercalated structures. The exfoliated UPE nanocomposite exhibited better thermal and dynamic mechanical properties when compared with pure UPE and other composites, even with 3 wt% clay loading. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

An in situ intercalative polymerization method for preparing UV curable clay–polymer nanocomposites

A novel in situ intercalative polymerization technique was used to disperse clay mineral in a precursor resin for use in UV curing by performing an in situ ion exchange reaction during polyesterification. Unmodified montmorillonite (MMT) was added to a reaction mixture composed of monomers and methyl, tallow, bis‐2‐hydroxyethyl ammonium (MTEtOH) during the synthesis of unsaturated polyesters to create resins containing highly dispersed, organically modified MMT. UV‐curable clay–polymer nanocomposite (CPN) films were then prepared utilizing donor–acceptor chemistry through reactions of the unsaturated polyester resin with triethylene glycol divinyl ether. Functional group conversion improved up to 15% by the incorporation of clay mineral into the polymer matrix through the in situ polymerization method. The CPNs also had improved barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties over a control film containing no clay mineral. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42601.     

Synthesis of Poly(butylene terephthalate) Nanocomposite by <Emphasis Type="Italic">In-situ</Emphasis> Interlayer Polymerization and Characterization of Its Fiber (I)

Summary The nanocomposites with poly(butylene terephthalate)(PBT) incorporated between the montmorillonite (MMT) layers were synthesized from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and butane diol (BD) by using an in-situ interlayer polymerization approach. The PBT nanocomposites were melt spun at different organoclay contents to produce monofilaments. The existence of clay layers in the PBT was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and those layers were found to be disperse on a nanometer scale. The thermal properties of the layered structures of the hybrids were found to be more stable than those of pure PBT. These improved thermal properties of the nanocomposites might arise from an extensive and strongly bonded interface between the organic and the inorganic components. Moreover, the addition of only a small amount of organoclay was enough to improve the mechanical properties of the PBT hybrid fibers.     

PE/Clay Nanocomposite with Bimodal Molecular Weight Distribution Produced Via In-Situ Polymerization

A Ti-based Ziegler–Natta catalyst supported on the clay was used for producing the polyethylene/clay nanocomposites through in situ polymerization. This catalyst showed high activity in the ethylene polymerization. The two-step polymerization approach, i.e. in the presence and absence of hydrogen, was laid out to broaden the molecular weight distribution of the polyethylene/clay nanocomposite. The molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of the nanocomposites were characterized by the gel permeation chromatography. It was found that the molecular weight distribution was remarkably widened towards bimodal distribution by using the above mentioned approach. The thermal properties of the produced nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The microstructure of the resulting bimodal polyethylene/clay nanocomposite was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal gravimetric analysis indicated an improved thermal stability of the produced nanocomposites. In addition, the studies proved the nanocomposite formation with the exfoliated structure of the clay in the polyethylene matrix.