氯化钙─甲醇化学热泵换向循环过程理论研究

研究将一种可改善气固化学热泵循环性能的周期性强制流向变换的动态操作引入双反应器氯化钙─甲醇化学热泵系统，在文献［３～５］的基本循环过程研究的基础上，建立了描述这类换向循环过程的动态分布参数模型。由此通过数值模拟分析了固相床层内的热波现象。对不同换向操作方式的研究结果表明：周期反向操作确实可以改善常规的同向操作的循环性能，而半周期反向操作则比常规的性能还要差。     

耦合吸附吸收(ADAB)系统性能实验研究

针对现有吸附式热泵应用研究中单组分循环工质对操作压力过高或过低的现状 ,提出一种新型的混合吸附工质对———分子筛、水和氨 ,构成耦合吸附吸收 (ADAB)系统。实验研究发现 :ADAB系统可在接近大气压环境下实现吸附解吸循环 ,为吸附式热泵系统工业化可行性提供条件。通过实验分析讨论了影响ADAB系统性能的结构参数及操作参数 ,为系统优化提供理论基础     

慢时变化工过程裕量释放机制分析

化工过程普遍存在慢时变特性，在一个运行周期内慢时变参数的变化造成化工装置性能逐渐下降。为此，过程设计时需要按照慢时变参数可能的“最坏”影响对设计变量留出足够的设计裕量，在一个运行周期内通过操作逐渐释放，补偿慢时变参数的不利影响，且理想操作是保证到运行周期结束时化工装置性能恰好达到过程约束边界。本文对慢时变过程设计裕量的释放机制进行了分析，考虑含慢时变参数的全周期操作优化通用动态模型，通过最优控制的极小值原理求解该优化问题，建立了最优裕量释放轨迹和慢时变参数变化曲线之间的联系，从而证明最优裕量释放只与慢时变化工过程的运行周期有关。以乙炔加氢反应器为例验证了该裕量释放机制，对于慢时变化工过程，设定的运行周期越短，设计裕量释放越快，仅能获得较高的短期经济效益；反之，设定较长的运行周期，设计裕量缓慢释放，能获得更高的长期经济效益。     

CFC替代品HCFC—141b工业性试验研究

本文对氯氟烃（ＣＦＣＳ）替代品ＨＣＦＣ＿１４１ｂ进行了工业性试验的研究，论述以偏氯乙烯为原料生产ＨＣＦＣ＿１４１ｂ的工艺过程和操作参数，为ＨＣＦＣ＿１４１ｂ工业化放大提供依据。     

纤维素在TMR中酶循环下水解过程的模拟

对纤维素在中空管式膜反应器中（TMR）中和酶循环条件下的水解过程建立了数学模型并予以求解，研究了有／无酶循环条件下各种操作参数和动力学参数对TMR体系性能的影响。     

间歇用水系统中废水回用与集中再生处理的调度优化设计方法

针对间歇用水系统建立了废水回用与废水集中再生处理协调运行和调度优化的数学规划设计模型。在多周期运行条件下,以保证循环周期中水系统最优运行为目标,提出了消除不同操作周期下储罐中水量和浓度波动的多周期反算求解策略,并确定了多周期操作下优化的用水网络。通过单杂质间歇用水系统实例阐明了所提出方法的有效性,为具有废水集中再生处理的间歇用水系统从启动到稳定的多周期操作和设计提供依据。     

AlF_3－YF_3－BaF_2－CaF_2－MgF_2－SrF_2系统玻璃形

ＡｌＦ＿３－ＹＦ＿３－ＢａＦ＿２－ＣａＦ＿２－ＭｇＦ＿２－ＳｒＦ＿２系统玻璃形成和析晶性能董大奎，马福定，黄德新（上海建材学院２００４３４）ＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＣｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＢｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆＡｌＦ＿３－ＹＦ＿３－ＢａＦ＿２－Ｃ...     

先进的低污染煤粉燃烧技术

本文分析了先进的煤粉燃烧技术应该具有的多种效能，即安全可靠、不结渣、燃烧稳定；具有低ＮＯ＿ｘ燃烧性能；有利于降低ＳＯ＿２的排放。论证了在我国研究开发低ＮＯ＿ｘ煤粉燃烧技术和推广应用不需耗费大量资金，却可大幅度减少ＮＯ＿ｘ的污染。还论证了先进的煤粉燃烧技术应采用炉内喷钙并附加增湿技术或排烟循环流化床脱硫技术。     

乙烯装置自产丙烷掺入循环乙烷共裂解

阐述了中国石化扬子石化股份有限公司烯烃厂1#乙烯装置自产丙烷作为裂解原料掺入循环乙烷共裂解运行情况，分析了对裂解炉运行周期及分离系统操作的影响，并指出该举措给装置带来的经济效益。     

重铬酸钾间接电化学氧化蒽制蒽醌

以Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ／Ｃ为氧化还原电偶，在Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４介质中，由Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ氧化蒽制蒽醌，本身还原为Ｃｒ￣（３＋），在电极上再生氧化生成Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ，以循环使用，反应在常温常压下进行。     

Low Reynolds number isotope transient kinetic modeling in isothermal differential tubular catalytic reactors

A novel method is presented for modeling steady state isotope transient kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions when the flow regime is laminar and conversion is differential. It is based on a factorization theorem which is deduced from the observation that transport functions fluctuate radially in porous beds. Factorization separates the radial from axial and temporal coordinates of the flow rate and concentration functions. It is shown that in transient tracing with a differential conversion, the radial components of the transport functions in the material conservation equations can be integrated into constant parameters to be determined from experimental data. The method is in particular useful as the knowledge of the radial profile of velocity and other transport functions and parameters are not prerequisites for data correlation. The methodology was successfully applied to the adsorption of carbon monoxide in Boudouard reaction on an alumina supported palladium catalyst. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1317–1329, 2018     

两股流板翅式换热器动态性能研究的集中热容模型

从集中热容模型出发,导出了两股流板翅式换热器流体出口温度对冷流体进口温度(或流量)扰动的传递函数,实验结果证实了其正确性。详细的分析表明,传递函数适用的线性区域,不受温度变化限制,对流量变化要求为Δm/m<30％。两者叠加以后,线性区域限于两者的变化量均在20％之内。     

Toward a unified framework for the derivation of breakage functions based on the statistical theory of turbulence

The evolution of droplet or bubble size distribution in turbulent flow is of great significance in a variety of technological fields. Modeling this evolution by employing a population balance approach requires knowledge of the so-called breakage functions (rate and kernel). Over the years, a large number of phenomenological breakage functions with various degrees of sophistication have been proposed in the literature. Among them, those based on the statistical theory of turbulence are of particular interest, in that they attempt to take into account the structure of the flow field responsible for breakage. The purpose of the present work is to present a unified framework for developing this type of breakage functions and to show how existing models can be derived in a systematic and consistent way. The key parameters in this modeling approach are identified, which have to be determined by comparison with experimental data. It is also shown that the breakage functions, obtained within the framework presented here, lead to predictions of a droplet size evolution whose main features are consistent with experimental observations. It is suggested that this framework is an important step toward the development of a standard approach for modeling droplet size evolution in turbulent flow.     

Laminar,transitional and turbulent flow of Herschel–Bulkley fluids in concentric annulus

An integrated approach is presented for the flow of Herschel–Bulkley fluids in a concentric annulus, modelled as a slot, covering the full range of flow types, laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows. Prior analytical solutions for laminar flow are utilized. Turbulent flow solutions are developed using the Metzner–Reed Reynolds number after determining the local power law parameters as functions of flow geometry and the Herschel–Bulkley rheological parameters. The friction factor is estimated by modifying the pipe flow equation. Transitional flow is solved introducing transitional Reynolds numbers which are functions of the local power law index. Thus, an integrated, complete and consistent set, combining analytical, semi‐analytical and empirical equations, is provided which describe fully the flow of Herschel–Bulkley fluids in concentric annuli, modelled as a slot. The comparison with experimental and simulator data from various sources shows very good agreement over the entire range of flow types.     

Composition dynamics in perforated plate liquid extraction columns

A composition dynamics model is developed for un-agitated perforated plate liquid–liquid extraction columns. The linearization of the phase equilibrium relation enabled the analytical solution of the set of differential difference equations describing the dynamics of the compositions of each of the continuous and dispersed phases on any plate within the column. The system dynamic parameters are expressed in terms of the dead times and mixing lags associated with the flow of the two phases in the active contact area and in between the plates. Frequency response data have been generated to elucidate the effect of total number of plates, plate spacing, phase flow rates, and the slope of the linearized equilibrium curve on the obtained system dynamics. The rather involved transfer functions describing the extract and raffinate product composition dynamics have been approximated to simple transfer functions involving a dead time and a first order lag which are functions of the relevant design, operating, and physico-chemical parameters.     

基于电导波动信号的EMD分解和RBF神经网络的气液两相流流型识别方法

针对电导波动信号具有非线性、非平稳的特征,提出一种应用经验模态分解（EMD）和RBF神经网络进行流型识别的新方法。首先对电导波动信号进行EMD分解,提取出IMF能量参数特征,然后将其输入到RBF神经网络,从而实现了对流型的识别。研究结果表明：该方法能够准确地识别出泡状流、弹状流、塞状流和混状流四种流型,且具有较好的识别效果。该方法为流型识别提开辟了新的方向。     

Modelling laminar pulsed flow in rectangular microchannels

Fully developed laminar pulsed flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through rectangular ducts has been modelled and analyzed using Green functions. Based on the solutions for the velocity profile presented previously [Fan, C., Chao, B.-T., 1965. Unsteady, laminar, incompressible flow through rectangular ducts. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik 16, 351-369], exact analytical solutions in series form for wall shear stress and volumetric flow rate have been obtained. Various flow effects in periodic pulsed flow through rectangular microchannels, including flow reversal, phase shift and wall shear stress enhancement were calculated indicating that a substantial increase in local wall shear stress can be achieved with a modest increase of average flow rate over a cycle. The analytical solutions and the calculated results will help optimize parameters in cleaning of microfluidic devices by pulsed flow.     

Large wave characteristics and their downstream evolution at high Reynolds number falling films

There are many open questions regarding the evolution of waves, especially for the case of turbulent films. To resolve the complexity in modeling wavy turbulent films, more information needs to be derived from experimental data. On this account, a new way is proposed herein to analyze experimental film thickness traces, replacing the usual statistical analysis. Large waves are identified in experimental traces, and their shape is described by approximation with a few parameters curve. The probability density functions of these parameters are identified and the whole procedure can be considered as a compression method of the information content of experimental data series. By comparing results at several downstream locations, information on the evolution of waves along the flow is derived. This information indicates a 3D character of the flow, customary neglected in modeling efforts. In addition, the current results can be used for the numerical reconstruction of experimental film thickness traces. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

UTILIZATION OF POPULATION BALANCES IN SIMULATION OF LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEMS IN MIXED TANKS

A simulation model has been developed to model drop populations in a mixed tank. A multiblock mixed tank model has been used with the drop population balance equations developed in the literature. The drop breakage and coalescence functions used in the population balance model take into account the local turbulent energy dissipation values. The drop breakage and coalescence function parameters are fitted against drop size measurements from dense liquid-liquid dispersions, which were assumed fully turbulent. Since the local turbulence and flow values of a mixed tank are used in the present model, the fundamental breakage and coalescence phenomena can be taken into closer examination. Furthermore, the present model is capable of predicting inhomogeneities occurring in a mixed tank. It is also considered as an improved tool for process scale-up, compared to the simple vessel-averaged population balance approach, or use of correlations of dimensionless numbers only. The present model can use two sources of data for fitting parameters in the drop rate functions. One is the transient data of the measured drop size distribution as the impeller speed is changed. The other is the time-averaged data measured at different locations of the mixed tank. Different flow regions can be chosen from direct measurements or from the CFD simulations in a straightforward manner. CFD flow simulation results can be used when no experimentally obtained flow conditions are available. This is especially useful for nonstandard vessels, such as reactors containing cooling coils.     

基于神经网络的两相流流型识别方法研究

采集了水平管内气水两相流动的差压信号,利用概率密度函数(PDF)对差压信号特征进行了分析;定义了PDF的四个特征参数,即PDF波峰个数K1、波峰峰值K2、波峰位置K3、以及PDF的方差K4来反映流型的特征。运用四个参数构成的特征向量对径向基函数(RBF)神经网络进行训练并识别流型,结果表明,该方法具有识别速度快、准确率高的特点,从而为两相流的流型识别提供了一种有效的手段。