井口套管温室气体排放因子研究

套管气放空是油气上游生产环节中不可忽略的温室气体排放源。为探究井口套管温室气体(GHG)排放规律,对胜利油田目标区块7口采油井套管放空气体成分和流量进行实地监测。利用统计学方法对监测数据进行处理,获得目标区块7口采油井井口套管甲烷气体平均排放因子为35.96kg/t,二氧化碳平均排放因子为2.05kg/t,碳当量平均排放因子为757.12kg/t。通过与API指南中给定的排放因子比较,发现目标区块甲烷平均排放因子比API指南中的排放因子高61.82%。     

温室气体减排可持续发展综述

概述了国内外温室气体排放的研究现状,介绍了甲烷减排的主要技术,其中包括:厌氧与好氧的共氧化作用、产甲烷抑制技术、准好氧填埋技术、生物甲烷抑制剂作用和甲烷氧化技术,阐述了甲烷减排的原理、方法和影响因素等内容,为垃圾填埋场气体收集与排放措施提供依据,同时对可持续发展也具有重要意义。     

氯甲烷大气环境标准的研究

根据氯甲烷现有理化、毒理和卫生等数据,选择合适的技术方法、常用公式,计算、确定氯甲烷的环境空气质量标准和污染物排放标准。建议氯甲烷环境空气质量标准时均值和无组织排放标准为0.420 mg/m3。     

冷等离子体在甲烷转化中的研究进展

文章综述了近几年国内外利用冷等离子体活化转化甲烷、与催化剂协同作于甲烷转化以及改性甲烷转化用催化剂中的研究进展。等离子体技术作为一种新兴技术为甲烷转化注入了新的力量,对天然气的有效利用、减少温室气体的排放和绿色化工有着重要的意义。     

美国环保署推出削减甲烷排放的EPA规划

美国政府最近推出一项新规划以帮助石油与天然气公司削减其温室气体甲烷排放，白宫和许多科学家称甲烷正导致全球气候变暖。 这项被取名天然气之星国际规划将由美国环保署（EPA）来运营，并基于现有的鼓励其他公司削减甲烷排放的EPA规划。     

气煤联供实现资源高效利用和碳减排技术进展

为解决煤化工过程资源利用率低和碳排放高的问题,有研究者提出以天然气、焦炉气、页岩气等富氢资源和煤炭资源联供方案,旨在实现源头碳减排。文章指出依据联供过程技术的差异,较有代表性的方案可分为集成甲烷部分氧化和集成甲烷干/水蒸气重整的气煤联供过程。文章以生产甲醇为例,从资源利用和经济效益等方面对集成甲烷部分氧化和集成甲烷干/水蒸气重整的气煤联供过程进行分析和比较。集成甲烷部分氧化的工艺碳元素利用率达到57.9%,每吨甲醇排放CO₂为1.50t,较传统煤制甲醇工艺排放减少37.5%。甲醇产品成本稍低于传统工艺。集成甲烷干/水蒸气重整工艺的碳元素利用率最高,达到83.7%。减排效果最明显,每吨甲醇排放CO₂为0.90t,较传统工艺排放减少62.5%,但是由于CO₂转化增加能耗,甲醇产品成本有所提升。由于气煤联供过程有利于CO₂减排,当碳税高于65CNY/tCO₂时,两个气煤联供工艺的生产成本低于传统的煤制甲醇工艺。     

冷凝吸附法深度回收草甘膦尾气中氯甲烷

针对现有草甘膦车间排放尾气中氯甲烷含量过高的问题,在工厂原冷凝回收流程的基础上增加了变压吸附装置,对排放尾气进行了深度回收处理。新建吸附装置产品气中氯甲烷含量可达75%,再经冷凝回收后,尾气中氯甲烷回收率可达99.9%,成功实现排放尾气中的氯甲烷含量低至200ppm。大大降低了VOCs排放量和大气污染,改善了环境质量;另一方面则是资源化回收利用氯甲烷,通过工艺改造,对草甘膦行业实现清洁生产、降低成本、提高市场竞争力发挥重要的作用。     

有机硅生产中氯甲烷深度回收工艺比较

介绍几种氯甲烷深度回收工艺,比较其回收率、回收浓度、排放气浓度以及能耗,结果表明:膨胀+节流回收工艺是一种兼顾经济效益和环境效益的回收工艺。     

宁安化工合成氨尾气提取LNG装置的设计探讨

传统的合成氨工艺中排放的尾气一般直接燃烧排放,其中的甲烷没有得到充分的利用.本装置通过深冷液化、低温精馏,将尾气中的甲烷提纯到98.5％以上并生产LNG,获得了高价值的副产品,减少了温室气体排放,取得了较好的经济效益.     

巴斯夫、林德携手捕集烟气二氧化碳

日前,一项旨在解决瓦斯型煤矿矿井低浓度甲烷排放难题的技术——低浓度甲烷流向变换催化氧化与制热技术在北京通过中国石油和化学工业协会组织的科技成果鉴定。     

逐渐增大的温室效应危险及其对策的研究

综述了温室气体效应的功过及其变化和人类活动对自然大气温室效应的影响以及地球本身所存在的应对全球变暖的一些恢复能力;陈述了对于温室气体及其效应,我国已采取的种种应对之策;阐述了扭转温室气体效应逐渐变大的危险须全人类联手才行。     

Biogenic versus abiogenic emissions from agriculture in the Netherlands and options for emission control in tomato cultivation

In this paper, present-day emissions of greenhouse gases and acidifying compounds from agriculture are analysed at the farm level. Quantitative estimates are given for these emissions from three nested systems in the Netherlands: the agricultural sector, greenhouse horticulture, and tomato cultivation under glass. Total emissions are subdivided into emissions from biogenic sources and abiogenic sources. We conclude that, although most of the emissions from the agricultural sector have biogenic sources, those from abiogenic sources should not be neglected. Abiogenic emissions are mainly from greenhouse horticulture. The cost-effectiveness of options to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions from on-farm combustion of natural gas in tomato cultivation under glass is analysed. An inventory is given of technical reduction options that are presently available in practice. Based on information about the costs and the reduction potential of each option, cost-efficiency curves are derived for both types of emissions. Relative to a situation where none of the described options were applied (early nineties), CO₂ and NO_x emissions from tomato cultivation can be reduced at most by about 70% and 75%, respectively, by combinations of technical options. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黑龙江省典型蔬菜大棚土壤重金属污染评价

为探索黑龙江省典型大棚土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd的污染状况,采用单因子与限值比较、综合因子指数法和相关系数法对污染情况进行综合评价。结果表明:除肇东2a、肇东6a棚龄无污染外,其他大棚均有不同程度的污染;五常8a、肇东11a棚龄属轻度污染,其他棚龄均达中污染程度,而且五常大棚综合污染程度较肇东严重。Cu、Zn、Cd与棚龄之间的相关系数显示,各元素与棚龄之间存在着相关关系。五常大棚Cu、Zn、Cd与棚龄呈显著相关(P<0.05),相关程度Cu>Cd>Zn;肇东大棚Cu、Zn、Cd与棚龄之间达极显著相关(P<0.01)。     

园艺设施用薄型耐老化和抗农药棚膜的研究

简述了PE棚膜生产用基础树脂、高效耐老化体系应用研究和薄型耐老化、抗农药PE棚膜、EVA耐老化多功能三层复合棚膜开发进展情况。     

Electrode Configuration for Electrokinetic Restoration of Greenhouse Saline Soil

Electrokinetic restoration (EKR) of saline soil has been achieved successfully on a laboratory scale. In this study, the effectiveness of an electrokinetic system with one anode in the center of the electrokinetic cell and two cathodes at the end of the cell was investigated to simulate the EKR system, with electrodes installed in the ridge and furrow pattern of a field. Anions were transported toward the anode centered in the cell, and cations were moved toward both cathodes. Chloride and nitrate were almost completely removed from the soil; however, a certain amount of sulfate accumulated in the anode region. Although the voltage influenced the transport of salts in the soil, there was no significant increase in the reduction of electrical conductivity at a higher voltage gradient. The pattern of salt removal was symmetric around the center anode, and energy consumption was less than that of a normal system. This means that the system can be used effectively to remove salts from saline greenhouse soil.     

青藏高原生态大棚污水处理系统的研究

介绍了青藏高原生态大棚污水处理系统。该系统将污水处理和大棚蔬菜种植有机结合，在寒冷、缺氧、高海拔的青藏高原，生态大棚内做到热量平衡、O2-CO2的平衡、水的循环平衡，成功解决了污水处理和蔬菜种植两大难题．     

How to reduce the greenhouse effect, and a few other questions concerning catalysis

All those active in catalytic science and technology know that catalysis has a paramount role to play for environmental protection. But do we discern the most important problems? Just by accident, the author of this chronicle presented more or less impromptu some remarks at a meeting [1] and thereafter talked on the same topic in front of different audiences. He discovered that what he believed to be more or less obvious to his colleagues actually opened to them some new horizons and induced animated discussions (not deprived of passion in some cases!). This is the reason why he takes the risk to present this publication. He wishes to underline that the facts and figures he cites are the best available ones. He has noticed that, although scientifically grounded, these facts and figures may hurt some readers. He has been himself very unhappy to discover the results of some comparisons. Factual data cannot be denied. The problem is to find socially acceptable ways to improve the situation described by these facts.     

基于模糊控制的智能温室系统

针对现代温室的特点,将模糊控制应用于温室控制系统的设计中。给出了智能温室控制系统的硬件组成、软件实现以及核心算法,并对该系统进行了实现。应用效果表明,系统不仅能够将温度恒定在一个制定范围,还能够最大限度的节约能源消耗。     

保护地粉尘法施药防治番茄病害研究

保护地粉尘法施药防治番茄病害研究结果表明：５％百菌清粉尘剂在番茄感病基每隔９０－１天施药一次，全程共施粉法剂６次，对番茄晚疫病、叶霉病及早疫病防治效果７次调查平均分别为９４．４、８１．８６和８．１２％；三种病害比农户自管田推迟发病分别为１８．２４和１６天；粉地比农户自管田全程可减少施药７次，减少用药量５３．９％，节省用工９４５小时／公顷，共计减少费用２２３１．２５元／公顷，增收１６１７１．００元／     

无滴棚膜防雾滴剂扩散失效机理研究

考察了几种常见防雾滴棚膜无滴持效时间与温度之间的关系，以及防雾滴剂在PE空白膜中的扩散情况，并借助扫描电镜，红外，紫外等仪器，研究了膜失效前后的变化。结果表明；持效时间随温度上升而减少；膜表面的防雾滴剂损失后，膜内部防雾滴剂是否能及时补充到表面将决定膜持效时间的长短；PE和PVC膜表面防雾滴剂有效表面浓度分别为2.15mg/mm^3和2.84mg/mm^3时膜具有防雾滴性。