缓蚀抑雾剂在酸雾抑制中的应用

针对酸洗中酸雾污染的问题,采用缓蚀抑雾剂治理酸雾。研制了一种以起泡剂、稳泡剂、渗透剂和缓蚀剂为主要成分的缓蚀抑雾剂。确定了缓蚀抑雾剂的成分,分析了各成分的作用,并研究了起泡剂、稳泡剂、渗透剂、缓蚀剂对酸雾抑制效果的影响。     

中空微球的应用研究

中空微球是内部具有空腔结构的微球材料,由于它的特殊结构,在很多行业里具有很大的现实和潜在应用价值。作者重点介绍中空微球在医药工程、生物技术、涂料工业等领域的应用情况。另外,还简单介绍了一种制备表面无渗透性聚合物中空微球的新方法,并对其在酸雾抑制领域的应用进行了展望。     

冷轧酸雾净化处理研究

在对冷轧酸洗系统中产生酸雾的过程及其危害进行简要介绍的基础上,针对传统酸雾净化技术进行改良研究,运用物理方法对酸雾进行净化处理,并重点对酸雾净化回用技术进行了研究,有效改善了工况条件,促进了生产与生态的和谐发展。     

发烟硫酸储罐及装车时酸雾治理工艺改造

发烟硫酸酸雾一般产生于循环槽、储罐及装酸点,尤其当发烟硫酸有激烈的流动或碰撞时容易使酸雾大量外泄。发烟硫酸对皮肤、粘膜等组织有强烈的刺激和腐蚀作用,对水体和土壤会造成污染,因此在发烟硫酸储存和运输中要杜绝酸雾泄漏。1硫酸行业发烟硫酸酸雾治理现状硫酸行业治理发烟硫酸酸雾主要包括以下3     

硫酸生产中酸雾的控制与去除

本文通过硫酸生产中酸雾生成的机理和来源分析，探讨了对硫酸雾的控制与去除问题。     

BSY型酸雾抑制剂的开发应用

ＢＳＹ型酸雾抑剂在金属材料酸碱处理时能有效地抑制酸雾,去杂,本文介绍了其开发应用情况。     

气氯中硫酸酸雾测定方法的研究

气氯中水分的测定在氯碱生产中是非常重要的,但气氯中含有微量硫酸酸雾对测量的精度有一定的影响,文中较为系统地叙述了测定气氯中硫酸酸雾的原理和过程,具有一定的指导性。     

盐酸生产环境的治理

提出了在盐酸生产过程中冷却水和酸性水的回收以及酸雾的净化方法，采用这些方法可以达到治理盐酸生产环境的目的。     

酸洗设备的酸雾净化系统及设备设施改造系统研究

随着不锈钢酸洗生产线的不断投入,酸雾的排放处理工艺和酸洗设备的操作环境显的尤为重要,主要对酸雾净化工艺系统进行分析,并对不锈钢中厚板酸洗酸雾净化系统根据现场实际运行情况进行系统性改造.     

硫酸尾气酸雾超标原因分析及治理方法

分析检测方法由HJ 544—2009改为HJ 544—2016对硫酸尾气酸雾测定的影响,以及硫酸生产工艺控制及尾气脱硫工艺对尾气酸雾含量的影响。从尾气检测方法,制硫酸工段的工艺、设备,尾气脱硫工段等方面,提出了降低硫酸尾气酸雾含量的相应措施。     

Suppression of methane/air explosion by water mist with potassium halide additives driven by CO2

To enhance the explosion suppression effects of water mist, various potassium halide additives were tested in a confined vessel filled with a 10% mixture of methane/air. Air and CO₂ (0.7 MPa) were used as driver gases. The results revealed that halide additives exhibit considerable suppression effects on explosion overpressure. A 30% KI mist decreased the explosion overpressure by 27.46% compared with the suppression by pure water mist under the same conditions. When CO₂ is used as the driver gas, it will dissolve in water under high pressure. The synergistic effect of a CO₂ solution with an effective additive afforded significant suppression. Under the same conditions, the overpressures suppressed by a mist of 30% KI + 0.7 MPa CO₂ solution decreased by 33.53% compared with those suppressed by pure water mist driven by air. The synergistic suppression effect is much better than that of a 0.7 MPa CO₂ solution mist or 30% KI mist alone. The multicomponent additives can be considered when suppressing methane/air explosions with pressure-formed water mist.     

Combined effects of obstacle and fine water mist on gas explosion characteristics

Combined effects of obstacles and fine water mist on a methane-air explosion of a semi-closed pipe were investigated experimentally. In this study, the diameter of the water mist, the location, and the number of obstacles was considered. The results demonstrated that 5 μm water mist present a significant suppression affected while 45 μm shows a slight promotion effected on a gas explosion of the condition without obstacles. In the presence of an obstacle, however, the inhibitory effect of 5 μm water veils of mist dropped significantly during flame propagation, and the effect of 45 μm water veils of mist changed from the enhancement of inhibition, and its inhibitory effect was significant. The inhibitory effect of 45 μm water veils of mist on gas explosion weakened firstly and then enhanced with the increasing distance between obstacle location from the ignition location as well as in several obstacles.     

Study on the suppression mechanism of water mist on poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl chloride) flames

In this study, the action of water mists on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in a confined space under different external radiant heat fluxes was studied. Water mist was generated by a downward‐directed single pressure nozzle. Physical characteristics of the water mist were measured by laser doppler velocimetry and the adaptive phase doppler velocimetry system. The heat release rate, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide concentrations, and other important parameters of the interaction under various experimental conditions were measured with cone calorimeter. To explain experimental results, the chemical suppression mechanisms of water mist extinguishing PMMA and PVC flames are investigated from literatures, and the corresponding proposed chemical reactions with water mist are presented. The investigation shows that aromatic compounds are formed by light hydrocarbon products with water mist for PMMA flame. Otherwise, for PVC flame, the decrease of temperature with water mist prevents aromatic compounds from oxidation and degradation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1130–1139, 2006     

含草酸钾的超细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸的特性

为研究含草酸钾的超细水雾对抑制甲烷爆炸有效性的影响,采用自制的半封闭管道进行抑爆实验,研究了草酸钾浓度的变化对超细水雾粒径的影响以及对甲烷抑爆性能的影响,分析了不同浓度草酸钾条件下火焰传播速度、爆炸超压、平均升压速率以及爆炸威力指数参数变化。实验结果表明：添加草酸钾对超细水雾的粒径特性影响较小;对于体积分数为9.5%的甲烷,在相同的通雾时间下,当草酸钾浓度为2%时,抑爆性能最显著,火焰传播速度、最大爆炸超压、平均升压速率以及爆炸威力指数较纯甲烷自由爆炸时分别下降了57.1%、66.3%、77.9%、91.5%;较纯水超细水雾分别下降了43.1%、61.3%、75.3%、90.5%;草酸钾的热解温度较低能够增强超细水雾的物理惰化作用并阻断化学链式反应从而有效抑制甲烷爆炸。     

超细水雾协同甲烷氧化菌降解与抑制甲烷爆炸的实验研究

搭建了半封闭的实验管道平台,开展了不同喷雾量的超细水雾降解与抑制甲烷爆炸的实验研究,分析了甲烷氧化菌的形态,抑爆过程中火焰变化,管道内部最大爆炸超压,平均升压速率的变化规律。结果表明：含甲烷氧化菌-无机盐的超细水雾能够有效降解甲烷,喷雾量越大,降解甲烷的速率越快,当甲烷的体积分数为9.5%,在喷雾量达到0.7 ml,立即引爆后的火焰亮度和火焰传播速率明显高于降解时间为360 min且二次喷雾量为0.7 ml的工况。喷雾量从0.7 ml增加至4.9 ml,无论近端还是远端最大爆炸超压均呈现下降的趋势,对于近端的平均升压速率也呈现下降的趋势。以无机盐为培养基的甲烷氧化菌和超细水雾降解与抑制甲烷爆炸具有协同作用,能够在一定时间内有效降解甲烷。     

CO2-双流体细水雾抑制管道甲烷爆炸实验

搭建了尺寸为120 mm×120 mm×840 mm透明有机玻璃瓦斯爆炸管道实验平台,采用双流体喷嘴将二氧化碳和细水雾送入实验系统,从火焰速度、瓦斯爆炸超压两个方面探讨双流体细水雾的抑爆有效性。实验结果表明CO₂双流体细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸效果显著。随着喷雾时间的延长,火焰传播速度呈缓慢增加趋势,火焰传播速度峰值大幅降低;爆炸超压曲线呈先增大后缓慢减小的趋势,超压峰值大幅降低;当CO₂压力增至0.4 MPa喷雾时间大于3 s时,经多次点火无法引爆, 说明CO₂-双流体细水雾抑制甲烷爆炸时具有协同效应,有利于提高细水雾的抑爆效率。     

硫酸装置尾气冒烟原因排查经验点滴

根据实际经验并结合具体案例,介绍对硫酸装置尾气冒烟原因的排查方法。强调首先应对产生冒烟的相关因素有较为清晰的认识,其次排查过程要仔细。对吸收操作温度、酸浓度和喷淋量等工艺操作参数对尾气冒烟的影响提出看法。     

Improving Fire Suppression of Water Mist by Chemical Additives

Although water mist fire suppression system (WMFSS) is very common, there are concerns that the system is not efficient in controlling some fires. Additives are proposed to use in a WMFSS for better fire protection. In this paper, different groups of additives for WMFSS will be briefly reviewed. Experimental studies on the surface physical and chemical characteristic of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under four groups of original polymer surface without treatment, self-extinguishment, suppressed by water mist and by water mist with sodium chloride NaCl, are reviewed. The surface profiles, element constitutions, binding energies and functional groups of PMMA surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR).

The near surface molten polymer and bubble layers in burning polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are found to be very complicated. The melted surface of burning PMMA is not saturated with pure MMA. Results also demonstrated that chemical reactions do occur while applying water mist. Water mist with NaCl can penetrate deeper on the burning surface of PMMA, suggesting that NaCl might be involved in the extinguishment reactions. The chloride ion from NaCl might be responsible for the interaction with the melting surface of PMMA.     

酸塔和转化器的技术综述

介绍了酸管道技术股份有限公司(APT)、阿克勒·凯瓦纳·凯密迪公司、百豪仕、CECO过滤器公司、 Canal工程公司、Edmeston公司、Koch Knight LLC、Koch-Otto York、孟山都公司、Rauschert Verfahrenstechnik、Noram工程和制造公司等开发的酸塔除沫器、分酸器、壳体、填料、填料支撑及转化器内件的特点及工业应用情况,并对酸塔和转化器的技术现状作了归纳和总结。