TiO_2-H_2O纳米流体的黏度特性实验

在去离子水中添加亲水性分散剂,经过超声振动制备了粒径为20 nm的4种不同体积分数的TiO2-H2O纳米流体。对纳米流体和水进行黏度测试,结果表明纳米流体的黏度值均大于水,且黏度随TiO2粒子体积分数的增加呈加速上升的趋势,随温度呈反比变化。体积分数越高的纳米流体,在较低温度下的黏度增加幅度比高温时大。流变曲线表明,在所配制的体积分数内,TiO2-H2O纳米流体的黏度不随剪切速率的变化而变化,为典型的牛顿型流体。     

氧化铝有机纳米流体的流动传热基础特性

以氧化铝为纳米粒子、丙二醇和水为基础液体制备了氧化铝有机纳米流体,分别测量了它的沸点、热导率、比热容和黏度。以1％～5％（体积分数）的氧化铝纳米流体作为冷介质,测试了在车用机油冷却器中的传热系数和流动阻力。试验结果表明,纳米粒子能够显著强化基础液体在机油冷却器中的换热能力,粒子体积分数和流体温度是影响纳米流体热物性的重要因素。氧化铝纳米流体的沸点高于120℃,比热容随体积分数增加而降低,热导率、黏度和在机油冷却器中的传热系数均随粒子体积分数的增加而提高。在试验Ⅱ中,5％（体积分数）纳米流体的平均传热系数比基础液体提高了124.56％,而流动阻力增幅较小。     

三元混合纳米流体稳定性及热性能

采用两步法制备体积分数为0.005%～1%的Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Cu/水三元混合纳米流体,粒子体积比为40∶40∶20。为了提高其稳定性,添加少量的PVP（0.005%）表面活性剂,并用XRD、TEM、紫外分光光度计和沉淀观察法共同表征纳米流体的稳定特性。测量温度为20～60℃的黏度和热导率,并与相对应的单一纳米流体作对比。试验结果表明,三元混合纳米流体由于各种粒子的粒径和表面能不同,小粒径的Al₂O₃颗粒填充在大粒径TiO₂和Cu颗粒形成的间隙里,可形成致密的固液界面层。三元混合纳米流体由于粒子的特殊排布,使其热导率明显高于相同体积分数下对应的单一纳米流体,黏度却无明显增大。当体积分数和温度分别为1%和60℃时,与Al₂O₃/水纳米流体对比,其热导率增大了5.5%,黏度下降了2.6%。热导率随温度和浓度的升高而升高;而黏度随浓度的升高而升高,随温度的升高而下降,这与单一纳米流体的性质一致。最后,基于试验数据,对热导率和黏度分别进行与温度的拟合,R²分别为0.9835和0.9820,能较精确地预测Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Cu/水三元混合纳米流体的热导率和黏度。     

低温相变蓄冷纳米流体粘度特性实验研究

测量了TiO2-BaC12-H2O纳米流体的粘度,分析了粒子体积分数、温度对纳米流体粘度影响的变化规律.结果表明,纳米流体的粘度随TiO2粒子体积分数的增加呈加速上升的趋势,随温度呈反比变化;体积分数越高的纳米流体,在较低温度下的粘度增幅比高温时大.流变曲线表明,在所配制的体积分数内,TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流...     

碳纳米管-导热油纳米流体导热与流变特性研究

纳米流体作为新型换热工质,是强化传热的有效途径。今用两步法制备碳纳米管-导热油纳米流体,实验研究流变及导热性能,分析碳纳米管长短、体积分数、温度、转速、SN比(活性剂与纳米颗粒质量比)等因素的影响。结果表明,导热率和黏度随体积分数提高而增大,但随温度升高而下降;碳纳米管长度短,黏度小;长度长,导热率高;体积分数为7%时,导热率提高50%。本研究制备流体都为假塑性流体,低转速下,黏度随SN比先减小后增大;导热率H-C模型中,形状因子n取7时与实验数据基本吻合,并据此提出适合本研究的导热率修正公式。     

水基纳米流体传递性质的分子动力学模拟研究

采用平衡分子动力学方法,探讨了系统温度、纳米颗粒的体积分数及能量因子对水基纳米流体的热导率和黏度的影响。模拟结果表明,随着系统温度的升高,水基纳米流体的热导率增大,而黏度减小;水基纳米流体的热导率及黏度均随着纳米颗粒体积分数的增加而增大,当纳米颗粒的体积分数2%时,水基纳米流体的热导率增幅较小;随着纳米颗粒能量因子的增加,水基纳米流体的热导率增大,而黏度基本不变。     

无机粒子填充聚合物的流变行为

研究了无机粒子填充聚合物的流变行为，探讨了无机粒子体积分数、无机粒子和聚合物组分特性、无机粒子与聚合物的界面特性和相互作用、以及加工条件对无机粒子填充聚合物的流变行为的影响。研究表明，一般情况下无机粒子填充聚合物的黏度随着填充聚合物体积分数的增加而增大；粒子性质、聚合物组分特性都会对流变性能产生影响，目前只能通过实验进行优选；无机纳米粒子填充聚合物有不同于普通粒子填充的反常现象，如果纳米粒子体积分数控制在一定范围内，填充聚合物的黏度可能出现随填充粒子体积分数增大而下降的趋势；表面活性剂、偶联剂等可以使无机粒子填充聚合物的流动性能得到显著改善；高速混合、增大剪切速率及升高温度都可以使无机粒子填充聚合物有更好的流变性能。     

乙二醇基纳米流体黏度的实验研究

实验研究了3种乙二醇基纳米流体（Al₂O₃-EG、ZnO-EG、CuO-EG）在不同质量分数（0.5%/3.0%/5.0%/7.0%）下的相对黏度随温度的变化规律,实验所用乙二醇基纳米流体采用两步法配制获得。结果表明：在30～60℃温度范围内乙二醇基纳米流体的相对黏度同温度之间并无较强的函数关系（单调递增或递减）;但在质量分数较高时,3种乙二醇基纳米流体的相对黏度随温度的变化会出现波动,且以非球形颗粒的ZnO乙二醇基纳米流体的波动最为显著;乙二醇基纳米流体的相对黏度均随纳米颗粒体积分数的增大而增大,其中CuO乙二醇基纳米流体相对黏度的增长速度最快,Al₂O₃乙二醇基纳米流体的增长速度最慢。最后比较分析了文献中相对黏度预测公式与本文实验数据的相符程度。     

乙二醇基纳米流体黏度的实验研究

实验研究了3种乙二醇基纳米流体(Al2O3-EG、ZnO-EG、CuO-EG)在不同质量分数(0.5%/3.0%/5.0%/7.0%)下的相对黏度随温度的变化规律,实验所用乙二醇基纳米流体采用两步法配制获得。结果表明:在30~60℃温度范围内乙二醇基纳米流体的相对黏度同温度之间并无较强的函数关系(单调递增或递减);但在质量分数较高时,3种乙二醇基纳米流体的相对黏度随温度的变化会出现波动,且以非球形颗粒的ZnO乙二醇基纳米流体的波动最为显著;乙二醇基纳米流体的相对黏度均随纳米颗粒体积分数的增大而增大,其中CuO乙二醇基纳米流体相对黏度的增长速度最快,Al2O3乙二醇基纳米流体的增长速度最慢。最后比较分析了文献中相对黏度预测公式与本文实验数据的相符程度。     

纳米流体热导率的测量

运用瞬态热线法测定了不同种类、不同体积份额配比的纳米流体的热导率,分析了纳米粒子属性、份额、尺度等因素对纳米流体热导率的影响.实验结果表明,在液体中添加纳米粒子显著增加了液体的热导率.通过对实验结果进行分析,提出了计算纳米流体热导率的关联式.     

Thermal properties of carbon black aqueous nanofluids for solar absorption

In this article, carbon black nanofluids were prepared by dispersing the pretreated carbon black powder into distilled water. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were explored. The photothermal properties, optical properties, rheological behaviors, and thermal conductivities of the nanofluids were also investigated. The results showed that the nanofluids of high-volume fraction had better photothermal properties. Both carbon black powder and nanofluids had good absorption in the whole wavelength ranging from 200 to 2,500 nm. The nanofluids exhibited a shear thinning behavior. The shear viscosity increased with the increasing volume fraction and decreased with the increasing temperature at the same shear rate. The thermal conductivity of carbon black nanofluids increased with the increase of volume fraction and temperature. Carbon black nanofluids had good absorption ability of solar energy and can effectively enhance the solar absorption efficiency.     

纳米流体黏度特性

引言纳米流体是将纳米粒子添加到基液中形成的稳定悬浮混合液。近10年来,国内外许多学者对纳米流体的导热性能进行了大量研究,添加纳米粒子后溶液的导热能力明显加强。Jung等[1]对微渠道中的纳米流体对流传热特性进行了研究,研究发现粒径为170nm、体积分数为1.8%的Al2O3-水纳     

Investigation on the dynamic melt rheological properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites

The rheological behavior of polypropylene/wood flour (WF) composite was investigated at constant temperature over a wide range of frequencies using a mechanical compact rheometer operated in the dynamic mode. The effect of WF content, particle size, and coupling agent on melt rheological properties were investigated. The melt rheological data in terms of complex viscosity (η*), storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and loss tangent (tan δ) were studied and compared for different samples. It was found that complex viscosity increases with increasing wood content and coupling agent. Compatibilization using coupling agent increased both storage modulus and loss modulus, but the variation of storage modulus is more. By increasing wood content storage modulus increases. Complex viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus showed a minimum value by increasing of wood particle size. Tan δ decreases with increasing of wood content. Cole–Cole plot indicated that relaxation process changes with addition WF, coupling agent, and using different mesh size of wood. The Han plots revealed the sensitivity of rheological properties with composition at constant temperature. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

微通道中原位分散技术可控制备氧化铜纳米流体及复合薄膜前体

疏水纳米颗粒分散于有机体系中形成的纳米分散体,具有独特的理化性质和重要的应用价值。其中,纳米颗粒的单分散性、均匀性和稳定性是决定纳米分散体性能的关键。以CuO纳米分散体作为纳米流体和复合薄膜前体这一典型体系为研究对象,通过设计平板型微通道实现了CuO纳米分散体制备过程中的液滴聚并和改性CuO纳米颗粒的原位分散。制备了颗粒体积分数达2%、平均粒径约30 nm的CuO-基础油纳米流体,该纳米流体具有良好的稳定性和达到0.184 W·m^-1·K^-1的较高热导率;制备的CuO-PDMS（聚二甲基硅氧烷）复合薄膜具有较强的抗菌性能和颗粒复合层稳定性。通过系统性实验研究,证明了原位分散方法在强化改性颗粒高效分散中的重要作用,确定了颗粒性能及分散行为对分散体性能的影响规律。     

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticle on rheological behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol) solution

In recent years, addition of nanoparticles to fluids and polymers has been used as a way of modifying rheological properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles aqueous composite nanofluids were prepared through the use of ultrasonic vibration. In fact, ultrasonic vibration is an advantageous method for nanoparticle dispersion. The preparation method prevents reduction of the polymer's molecular weight. TiO₂ nanoparticles with different concentrations were employed to investigate the rheological characteristics of composite nanofluids. Rheological characteristics of base fluids and composite nanofluids were measured at different temperatures. Based on the results, all composite nanofluids, as well as base fluids, exhibited non‐Newtonian behavior and rheological characteristics of composite nanofluids, following the Herschel‐Bulkley model. In addition, model parameters are functions of temperature, PVA, and TiO₂ nanoparticle concentrations. Also, two‐way interactions among temperature, PVA, and TiO₂ nanoparticle concentrations affect flow index and consistency index of the Herschel‐Bulkley model. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:234–240, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

DNP/HMX熔铸炸药的流变性能

为了解3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)/HMX悬浮液在不同影响因素下的流变行为,采用Brookfield R/S Plus流变仪对其流变性能进行测试,分析了HMX含量、粒度、颗粒级配、体系温度以及不同添加剂对悬浮液流变性能的影响。结果表明,DNP单质为牛顿流体,表观黏度约为16.4mPa·s,比TNT高82%,比DNAN高140%;同一剪切速率下,DNP/HMX悬浮液表观黏度随固含量的增加而增加,当HMX质量分数为30%时,悬浮液近似牛顿流体;HMX质量分数高于30%时,表观黏度随剪切速率的增加呈指数型下降的趋势愈发明显;悬浮液表观黏度随颗粒粒径的增大和温度的增加而降低,当温度从95℃升到105℃时,黏流活化能(E)从29211J/mol增至38458J/mol;固含量为60%时,平均粒径(d50)分别为16.6μm和575.6μm的HMX颗粒的最佳质量比为1∶5,此时悬浮液表观黏度最小。N-甲基-4-硝基苯胺(MNA)降低了悬浮液的表观黏度,乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)和微晶蜡-80(MV80)增加了悬浮液的表观黏度。     

Influence of anisotropic pressure on viscosity and electrorheology of diethylene glycol-based MgAl2O4 nanofluids

The paper presents results of rheological experiments on viscosity under anisotropic pressure and in electric field of diethylene glycol-based MgAl₂O₄ nanofluids. Nanofluids have been prepared in a two-step method. The dynamic viscosity of nanofluids with various mass concentrations of nanoparticles was measured in the range of shear rates from 10 s ⁻¹ to 1,000 s ⁻¹ in constant temperature under the pressure of 7.5 MPa. In the second type of experiments, different values of the electric field up to 2,000 V/mm was used. Thixotropy structure of MgAl₂O₄-DG nanofluids has been studied in electrical field.