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1.
The syntheses of two linear unsaturated aromatic oligoesters, poly(hydroquinone fumarate‐co‐sebacate) (PHFS) and poly(resorcinol fumarate‐co‐sebacate) (PRFS), are described. PHFS, PRFS and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are then used to prepare di‐ and tri‐block copolymers. Products thus obtained are investigated in terms of molecular weight, composition, structure and thermal properties by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. A number of design parameters including the molecular weights of PHFS, PRFS and PEG and the ratios of PEG to PPFS or to PEFS are varied in order to assess their effects on product yields and properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2358–2363, 2003  相似文献   

2.
Random copolyester namely, poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐sebacate) (PETS), with relatively lower molecular weight was first synthesized, and then it was used as a macromonomer to initiate ring‐opening polymerization of l ‐lactide. 1H NMR quantified composition and structure of triblock copolyesters [poly(l ‐lactic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐sebacate)‐b‐poly(l ‐lactic acid)] (PLLA‐PETS‐PLLA). Molecular weights of copolyesters were also estimated from NMR spectra, and confirmed by GPC. Copolyesters exhibited different solubilities according to the actual content of PLLA units in the main chain. Copolymerization effected melting behaviors significantly because of the incorporation of PETS and PLLA blocks. Crystalline morphology showed a special pattern for specimen with certain composition. It was obvious that copolyesters with more content of aromatic units of PET exhibited increased values in both of stress and modulus in tensile test. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007  相似文献   

3.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of triple blends of high molecular weight poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight 400 g/mol and copolymer of methacrylic acid with ethylacrylate (PMAA‐co‐EA) demonstrates partial miscibility of polymer components, which is due to formation of interpolymer hydrogen bonds (reversible crosslinking). Because both PVP and PMAA‐co‐EA are amorphous polymers and PEG exhibits crystalline phase, the DSC examination is informative on the phase state of PEG in the triple blends and reveals a strong competition between PEG and PMAA‐co‐EA for interaction with PVP. The hydrogen bonding in the triple PVP–PEG–PMAA‐co‐EA blends has been established with FTIR Spectroscopy. To evaluate the relative strengths of hydrogen bonded complexes in PVP–PEG–PMAA‐co‐EA blends, quantum‐chemical calculations were performed. According to this analysis, the energy of H‐bonding has been found to diminish in the order: PVP–PMAA‐co‐EA–PEG(OH) > PVP–(OH)PEG(OH)–PVP > PVP–H2O > PVP–PEG(OH) > PMAA‐co‐EA–PEG(? O? ) > PVP–PMAA‐co‐EA > PMAA‐co‐EA–PEG(OH). Thus, most stable complexes are the triple PVP–PMAA‐co‐EA–PEG(OH) complex and the complex wherein comparatively short PEG chains form simultaneously two hydrogen bonds to PVP carbonyl groups through both terminal OH‐groups, acting as H‐bonding crosslinks between longer PVP backbones. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007  相似文献   

4.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber has a low moisture regain, which allows it to easily gather static charges, and many investigations have been carried out on this problem. In this study, a series of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐isophthalate) (PEIT)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block copolymers were prepared by the incorporation of isophthalic acid (IPA) during esterification and PEG during condensation. PEG afforded PET with an increased moisture affinity, which in turn, promoted the leakage of static charges. However, PET also then became easier to crystallize, even at room temperature, which led to decreased antistatic properties and increased manufacturing inconveniences. IPA was, therefore, used to reduce the crystallinity of the copolymers and, at the same time, make their crystal structure looser for increased water absorption. Moreover, PET fibers with incorporated IPA and PEG showed good dyeability. In this article, the structural characterization of the copolymers and antistatic and mechanical properties of the resulting fibers are discussed. At 4 wt % IPA, the fiber containing 1 mol % PEG with a molecular weight of 1000 considerably improved antistatic properties and other properties. In addition, the use of PEIT–PEG as an antistatic agent blended with PET or modified PET fibers also benefitted the antistatic properties. Moreover, PEIT–PEG could be used with another antistatic agent to produce fibers with a low volume resistance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1696–1701, 2003  相似文献   

5.
pH and thermo‐responsive graft copolymers are reported where thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAAm), poly A ], poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐2‐(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) [poly(NIPAAm‐co‐DEA), poly B ], and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) [poly(NIPAAm‐co‐MAA), poly C ] have been installed to benzaldehyde grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) back bone following introducing a pH responsive benzoic‐imine bond. All the prepared graft copolymers for PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm) [ P‐N1 ], PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐DEA) [ P‐N2 ], and PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐MAA) [ P‐N3 ] were characterized by 1H‐NMR to assure the successful synthesis of the expected polymers. Molecular weight of all synthesized polymers was evaluated following gel permeation chromatography. The lower critical solution temperature of graft copolymers varied significantly when grafted to benzaldehyde containing PEG and after further functionalization of copolymer based poly(NIPAAm). The contact angle experiment showed the changes in hydrophilic/hydrophobic behavior when the polymers were exposed to different pH and temperature. Particle size measurement investigation by dynamic light scattering was performed to rectify thermo and pH responsiveness of all prepared polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013  相似文献   

6.
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) (poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME)) of number average molecular weight 1000 g mol?1 was melt blended with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) oligomer. NMR, DSC and WAXS techniques characterized the structure and morphology of the blends. Both these samples show reduction in Tg and similar crystallization behavior. Solid‐state polymerization (SSP) was performed on these blend samples using Sb2O3 as catalyst under reduced pressure at temperatures below the melting point of the samples. Inherent viscosity data indicate that for the blend sample with PEG there is enhancement of SSP rate, while for the sample with PEGDME the SSP rate is suppressed. NMR data showed that PEG is incorporated into the PET chain, while PEGDME does not react with PET. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

7.
In this work, biocompatible hydrogel matrices for wound‐dressing materials and controlled drug‐release systems were prepared from poly[hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol)–methacrylate] [p(HEMA‐co‐PEG–MA] films via UV‐initiated photopolymerization. The characterization of the hydrogels was conducted with swelling experiments, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (differential scanning calorimetry), and contact‐angle studies. The water absorbency of the hydrogel films significantly changed with the change of the medium pH from 4.0 to 7.4. The thermal stability of the copolymer was lowered by an increase in the ratio of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to methacrylate (MA) in the film structure. Contact‐angle measurements on the surface of the p(HEMA‐co‐PEG–MA) films demonstrated that the copolymer gave rise to a significant hydrophilic surface in comparison with the homopolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The blood protein adsorption was significantly reduced on the surface of the copolymer hydrogels in comparison with the control homopolymer of HEMA. Model antibiotic (i.e., minocycline) release experiments were performed in physiological buffer saline solutions with a continuous flow release system. The amount of minocycline release was shown to be dependent on the HEMA/PEG–MA ratio. The hydrogels have good antifouling properties and therefore are suitable candidates for wound dressing and other tissue engineering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009  相似文献   

8.
A series of poly(?‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL‐b‐PEG) block copolymers with different molecular weights were synthesized with a salicylaldimine‐aluminum complex in the presence of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol). The block copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, WAXD, and DSC. The 1H NMR and GPC results verify the block structure and narrow molecular weight distribution of the block copolymers. WAXD and DSC results show that crystallization behavior of the block copolymers varies with the composition. When the PCL block is extremely short, only the PEG block is crystallizable. With further increase in the length of the PCL block, both blocks can crystallize. The PCL crystallizes prior to the PEG block and has a stronger suppression effect on crystallization of the PEG block, while the PEG block only exerts a relatively weak adverse effect on crystallization of the PCL block. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007  相似文献   

9.
Poly[(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐(ethylene glycol)] hydrogels were prepared with a molar ratio of 10:1 of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate to poly(ethylene glycol) of number‐average molecular weights (Mn) 200, 400 and 1000 g mol?1 using tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate to give a crosslinking ratio between 0.5 and 4.0 %. Glucose oxidase and catalase were immobilized in the matrix during polymerization. The maximum enzyme loading used was 6.6 × 10?4 g of glucose oxidase per g of polymer. The equilibrium and dynamic swelling properties of these hydrogels were investigated. The pH‐dependent equilibrium swelling characteristics showed a sharp transition between the swollen and the collapsed state at pH 7.0. The dynamic response of the hydrogel discs to pH was analyzed in pulsatile pH conditions. The effects of particle size, crosslinking and molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the dynamic swelling response were investigated. The pulsatile nature of the response was analyzed using Boltzmann superposition. Swelling–pH master curves were obtained. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

10.
Various problems, including high crystallinity, high melting temperature, poor thermal stability, hydrophobicity and brittleness, have impeded many practical applications of poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyvalerate)] (PHBV) as an environmentally friendly material and biomedical material. In the work reported here, multi‐block copolymers containing PHBV and poly(ethylene glycol) (PHBV‐b‐PEG) were synthesized with telechelic hydroxylated PHBV as a hard and hydrophobic segment, PEG as a soft and hydrophilic segment and 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate as a coupling reagent to solve the problems mentioned above. PHBV and PEG blocks in PHBV‐b‐PEG formed separate crystalline phases with lower crystallinity levels and lower melting temperatures than those of phases formed in the precursors. The crystallite dimensions of the two blocks in PHBV‐b‐PEG were smaller than those of the corresponding precursors. Compared to values for the original PHBV, the maximum decomposition temperature of the PHBV block in PHBV‐b‐PEG was 16.0 °C higher and the water contact angle was 9° lower. In addition, the elongation at break was 2.8% for a pure PHBV fiber but 20.9% for a PHBV/PHBV‐b‐PEG fiber with a PHBV‐b‐PEG content of 30%. PHBV‐b‐PEGs can overcome some of the disadvantages of pure PHBV; it is possible that PHBV might be a good candidate for the formulation of environmentally friendly materials and biomedical materials. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

11.
The spherulitic growth rates of a series poly (?‐caprolactone) homopolymers and poly(?‐caprolactone)‐b‐ poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL‐b‐PEG) block copolymers with different molecular weights but narrow polydispersity were studied. The results show that for both PCL homopolymers and PCL‐b‐PEG block copolymers, the spherulitic growth rate first increases with molecular weight and reaches a maximum, then decreases as molecular weight increases. Crystallization temperature has greater influence on the spherulitic growth rate of polymers with higher molecular weight. Hoffman–Lauritzen theory was used to analyze spherulitic growth kinetics and the free energy of the folding surface (σe) was derived. It is found that the values of σe decrease with molecular weight at low molecular weight level and become constant for high molecular weight polymers. The chemically linked PEG block does not change the values of σe significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007  相似文献   

12.
The influence of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) plasticizer content and molecular weight on the physicochemical properties of films cast from aqueous blends of poly(methyl vinyl ether‐co‐maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) was investigated with tensile mechanical testing, thermal analysis, and attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Unplasticized films and those containing high copolymer contents were very difficult to handle and proved difficult to test. PEG with a molecular weight of 200 Da was the most efficient plasticizer. However, films cast from aqueous blends containing 10% (w/w) PMVE/MA and either PEG 1000 or PEG 10,000 when the copolymer/plasticizer ratio was 4 : 3 and those cast from aqueous blends containing 15% (w/w) PMVE/MA and either PEG 1000 or PEG 10,000 when the copolymer/plasticizer ratio was 2 : 1 possessed mechanical properties most closely mimicking those of a formulation we have used clinically in photodynamic therapy. Importantly, we found previously that films cast from aqueous blends containing 10% (w/w) PMVE/MA performed rather poorly in the clinical setting, where uptake of moisture from patients' skin led to reversion of the formulation to a thick gel. Consequently, we are now investigating films cast from aqueous blends containing 15% (w/w) PMVE/MA and either PEG 1000 or PEG 10,000, where the copolymer/plasticizer ratio is 2 : 1, as possible Food and Drug Administration approved replacements for our current formulation, which must currently be used only on a named patient basis as its plasticizer, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, is not currently available in pharmaceutical grade. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009  相似文献   

13.
Polymer gel electrolytes were prepared by thermal crosslinking reaction of a series of acrylic end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene glycol) [P(EG‐co‐PG)] having various geometries and molecular weights. Acrylic end‐capped prepolymers were prepared by the esterification of low molecular weight (Mn: 1900–5000) P(EG‐co‐PG) with acrylic acid. The linear increase in the ionic conductivity of polymer gel electrolyte films was observed with increasing temperature. The increase in the conductivity was also monitored by increasing the molecular weight of precursor polymer. Nanocomposite electrolytes were prepared by the addition of 5 wt % of organically modified layered silicate (montmorillonite) into the gel polymer electrolytes. The enhancement of the ionic conductivity as well as mechanical properties was observed in the nanocomposite systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 894–899, 2004  相似文献   

14.
Poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(L ‐lactide) diblock and triblock copolymers were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of L ‐lactide with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether or with poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of stannous octoate. Molecular weight, thermal properties, and crystalline structure of block copolymers were analyzed by 1H‐NMR, FTIR, GPC, DSC, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The composition of the block copolymer was found to be comparable to those of the reactants. Each block of the PEG–PLLA copolymer was phase separated at room temperature, as determined by DSC and WAXD. For the asymmetric block copolymers, the crystallization of one block influenced much the crystalline structure of the other block that was chemically connected to it. Time‐resolved WAXD analyses also showed the crystallization of the PLLA block became retarded due to the presence of the PEG block. According to the biodegradability test using the activated sludge, PEG–PLLA block copolymer degraded much faster than PLLA homopolymers of the same molecular weight. © 1999 John Wiley amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 341–348, 1999  相似文献   

15.
Poly(butylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PBN)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers were synthesized by the two‐step melt copolymerization process of dimethyl‐2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate (2,6‐NDC) with 1,4‐butanediol (BD) and PEG. The copolymers produced had different PEG molecular weights and contents. The structures, thermal properties, and hydrophilicities of these copolymers were studied by 1H NMR, DSC, TGA, and by contact angle and moisture content measurements. In particular, the intrinsic viscosities of PBN/PEG copolymers increased with increasing PEG molecular weights, but the melting temperatures (Tm), the cold crystallization temperatures (Tcc), and the heat of fusion (ΔHf) values of PBN/PEG copolymers decreased on increasing PEG contents or molecular weights. The thermal stabilities of the copolymers were unaffected by PEG content or molecular weight. Hydrophilicities as determined by contact angle and moisture content measurements were found to be significantly increased on increasing PEG contents and molecular weights. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2677–2683, 2006  相似文献   

16.
Poly(p‐dioxanone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(p‐dioxanone) ABA triblock copolymers (PEDO) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization from p‐dioxanone using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights as macroinitiators in N2 atmosphere. The copolymer was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscope. The thermal behavior, crystallization, and thermal stability of these copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric measurements. The water absorption of these copolymers was also measured. The results indicated that the content and length of PEG chain have a greater effect on the properties of copolymers. This kind of biodegradable copolymer will find a potential application in biomedical materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:1092–1097, 2006  相似文献   

17.
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and its copolymer with hydroxyvalerate, P(HB‐co‐HV), are widely used biomaterials. In this study, improvements of their biological properties of degradability and compatibility were achieved by blending with low‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG106) approved for medical use. Surface morphology and chemistry are known to support cell attachment. Attachment and proliferation of neural olfactory ensheathing cells increased by 17.0 and 32.2% for PHB and P(HB‐co‐HV) composite films. Cell attachment was facilitated by increases in surface hydrophilicity, water contact angles decreased by 26 ± 2° and water uptake increased by 23.3% depending upon biopolymer and PEG loading. Cells maintained high viability (>95%) on the composite films with no evidence of cytotoxic effects. Assays of mitochondrial function and cell leakage showed improved cell health as a consequence of PEG loading. The PEG component was readily solubilised from composite films, allowing control of degradation profiles in the cell growth medium. Promotion of biopolymer compatibility and degradability was not at the expense of material properties, with the extension to break of the composites increasing by 5.83 ± 1.06%. Similarly, crystallinity decreased by 36%. The results show that blending of common polyhydroxyalkanoate biomaterials with low‐molecular‐weight PEG can be used to promote biocompatibility and manipulate physiochemical and material properties as well as degradation.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

18.
The formation of a series of semiinterpenetrating network (SIPN) hydrogels made by free‐radical copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) with varying comonomer mole ratios, crosslinked with N,N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (MBAA) in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with average molecular weight 6,000 g mol?1 was studied via determination of complex viscosity, η*, using plate–plate rheometry. The isothermal time dependence of η* at various temperatures or the variation of η* with temperature of pregel solutions was utilized to detect the onset of gelation. The SIPN systems were compared with the corresponding gels made under the same conditions in the absence of PEG. The copolymer mainchain composition has a major effect on the time or temperature for onset of gelation and in particular gelation appears to be inhibited to some extent by MBAA when the AMPS/NIPA mole ratio in the pregel solution exceeds 0.5. The presence or absence of PEG in pregel solutions has a lesser effect on gelation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2083–2087, 2004  相似文献   

19.
The aim of the work reported here was to investigate temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive hydrogels of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and itaconic acid (IA) and their semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) with varying contents of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The stimuli responsiveness, swelling behaviour and mechanical properties of the hydrogels and semi‐IPNs were studied in order to investigate the effect of various amounts of PEG. Pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo NMR experiments were carried out to investigate the diffusion process. The pH sensitivity increased with an increasing amount of PEG in the semi‐IPNs, while the overall rate of water uptake was diffusion‐controlled (n < 0.5). For certain PEG contents (5 and 10 wt%), the semi‐IPNs exhibited better mechanical properties than the poly(NIPAM‐co‐IA) copolymer. The calculated values of the self‐diffusion coefficients of water indicated facilitated diffusion of water through the system with increased amounts of PEG, while the self‐diffusion coefficients of a model compound, metoprolol tartrate, showed no significant dependence on the amount of PEG. According to the results obtained and compared to results reported in the literature, the investigated semi‐IPNs may have potential applications in the controlled release of macromolecular active agents such as proteins and peptides. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

20.
Two series of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) triblock copolymers were prepared by the ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) and dibutylmagnesium in 1,4‐dioxane solution at 70°C. The triblock structure and molecular weight of the copolymers were analyzed and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and gel permeation chromatography. The crystallization and thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results illustrated that the crystallization and melting behaviors of the copolymers were depended on the copolymer composition and the relative length of each block in copolymers. Crystallization exothermal peaks (Tc) and melting endothermic peaks (Tm) of PEG block were significantly influenced by the relative length of PCL blocks, due to the hindrance of the lateral PCL blocks. With increasing of the length of PCL blocks, the diffraction and the melting peak of PEG block disappeared gradually in the WAXD patterns and DSC curves, respectively. In contrast, the crystallization of PCL blocks was not suppressed by the middle PEG block. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009  相似文献   

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