微通道内醇胺/离子液体复配水溶液吸收CO2的传质特性

研究了微通道内醇胺[单乙醇胺(MEA)和甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)]与离子液体[1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸([Bmim][BF₄])和1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑甘氨酸([C₂OHmim][GLY])]复配水溶液吸收CO₂的传质特性。考察了醇胺/离子液体浓度比(c_AA∶c_IL)对液相体积传质系数(k_La)的影响,发现k_La随反应速率的增大而增大。为进一步阐释复配水溶液吸收CO₂的传质机理,分析了比表面积、扩散速率、增强因子和液弹循环对传质速率的影响。结果表明,四种复配溶液中,反应速率和循环频率(f_cir)分别在低流率和高流率下对传质速率起主导作用。k_La可表示为f_cir的函数,低气相流率下k_La与f_cir呈线性关系,斜率与反应速率成正相关,高气相流率下,液弹循环因膜弹传递困难而对整体传质速率的影响减弱,k_La与f_cir呈指数关系,幂律指数小于1。     

阵列凸起微通道内气液两相传质特性研究

研究了阵列凸起微通道内N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）吸收CO₂过程的气液两相传质特性。在弹状流型下,考察了气液两相流量、MDEA浓度对体积传质系数、CO₂吸收效率、压力降以及能量损耗的影响。弹状气泡受到阵列凸起的挤压作用发生形变,促进了气液两相间的传质。与平滑通道相比,阵列凸起微通道在实验条件下具有更好CO₂吸收效率。在相同的能量损耗时,阵列凸起微通道具有更大的体积传质系数。     

微孔射流毛细管反应器内液-液两相传质和反应选择性

微反应技术在化工过程强化领域已得到广泛应用,尤其适用于快速复杂竞争反应体系。对于液-液两相快速竞争反应,反应过程受传质限制,显著影响反应转化率和收率。本文开发了一种新型的微孔射流毛细管反应器（MJCM）,采用微孔射流强化进口处液-液两相传质性能,分别采用水-苯甲酸-煤油体系和水-氢氧化钠-甲苯-苯甲酸-氯乙酸乙酯体系研究了不同操作参数（流量、流量比、表面活性剂浓度、温度）和结构参数（孔径、管长）下液-液两相传质特性和反应选择性,并获得了舍伍德数Sh的关联式。结果表明：随着两相流量的增加,传质效率E呈下降趋势,总体积传质系数k_La呈增加趋势,反应选择性指数X_s则先减小后增大;孔径的增大则会减弱液液传质和反应选择性;随着毛细管长的增加,E和X_s逐渐增大,k_La则逐渐减小;水相-有机相流量比的变化对E和k_La会产生不同影响,而温度的适当升高则可以提升反应选择性,表面活性剂的加入降低了传质和反应选择性。与其他液液传质设备对比,MJCM在液-液两相传质、反应选择性方面性能良好,可以用于工业生产进行液液传质与反应过程的强化。     

微通道内离子液体/乙醇混合溶液吸收CO2的传质特性

采用高速摄像仪对微通道内离子液体/乙醇混合溶液吸收CO₂的传质行为进行了实验研究。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流量比和离子液体浓度对液侧体积传质系数k_La和液侧传质系数k_L的影响。当离子液体浓度不变时,k_La、k_L均随气液流量比的升高而增大并逐渐趋于恒定。当液相流量不变时,对于不同浓度的离子液体溶液,液侧体积传质系数k_La和液侧传质系数k_L随气液流量比的变化曲线出现了交叉点。在交叉点之前,k_La和k_L均随着离子液体浓度的增大而减小;在交叉点之后,k_La和k_L均随着离子液体浓度的增大而增大。提出了用于预测液侧体积传质系数k_La的新的量纲1经验关联式,预测效果良好。     

微通道内单乙醇胺水溶液吸收CO2/N2混合气的传质特性

采用高速摄像仪对400 μm×400 μm T形微通道内单乙醇胺（MEA）水溶液吸收混合气中CO₂过程的气液两相流及传质特性进行了实验研究,微通道内的压力降采用压力传感器进行测量。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流量及MEA浓度对压力降、比表面积和传质性能的影响。结果表明,当MEA浓度不变,气液两相流量增大时,压力降、比表面积、传质系数、体积传质系数和增强因子均增大,并逐渐趋于恒定。当气液流量不变,MEA浓度增大时,压力降、传质系数、体积传质系数和增强因子增大,但比表面积减小。实验条件下,压力降范围为2.00~5.23 kPa,化学吸收过程的传质系数范围为7.74×10^-4~2.97×10^-3 m·s^-1。对于伴有快速化学反应的传质过程,以Sherwood数、Reynolds数、Schmidt数及增强因子为变量建立了体积传质系数的预测关联式,平均偏差为5.09%,具有良好的预测性能。     

微通道内MEA/MDEA混合溶液吸收CO2的传质特性

研究了T形微通道内N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）和单乙醇胺（MEA）混合水溶液吸收CO₂的传质过程。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流量、MEA和MDEA浓度对液侧传质系数k_L和体积传质系数k_La的影响。液侧传质系数和体积传质系数均会随着MEA浓度的升高而升高。与MEA相比,MDEA浓度的提高对传质影响较小。传质系数会随着液体流量的增大而增大,但气体流量的变化对其影响较小。体积传质系数随液体流量的增大而增大,但随气体流量的增大先增大,之后趋于稳定。考虑到化学反应对传质的强化作用,引入了Hatta数,提出了一个新的体积传质系数预测式,预测效果良好。     

排气管直径与深度对水力喷射空气旋流器传质性能的影响

对水力喷射空气旋流器(WSA)的中心排气管直径D_e和排气管插入深度S进行了设计优化研究,实验考察了不同D_e和S对WSA脱氨传质系数K_La和气相压降的影响,提出了综合评价传质过程效率的概念——单位压降传质效率η_p,讨论了D_e和S的设计取值。研究表明,当D_e增大时,K_La和气相压降均随之降低,较小D_e的WSA具有较高的气液传质性能,但气相压降比较大,而K_La和气相压降均随S增大而增大。综合能效关系表明,随着D_e的增大η_p增大,随着S的增大η_p出现先增大后降低的趋势,WSA设计中D_e与WSA直径D之比D_e/D宜为0.42～0.53,S与WSA筒体长度H之比S/H适宜取值约为0.70。     

基于微吸收器的CO2吸收过程研究进展

微化工技术在流体流动、过程强化、传质与反应过程等领域备受关注,本文归纳整理了3种不同类型的微吸收器（微降膜吸收器、微通道吸收器和微网格吸收器）捕集CO₂过程中的水力学性质和传质过程及其机理研究进展,并对3种微吸收器吸收CO₂过程中存在的问题进行分析总结,同时对微吸收器能快速工业化提出展望。其中重点介绍了微通道泰勒流吸收器的水力学流动特性,包括泰勒流气泡的生成机制、气泡和液弹的长度、气泡的输运和运动速度、气泡截面形状及液膜厚度和气液两相流压降;归纳了微通道泰勒流吸收过程的传质过程机理和传质系数的模型以及不同影响因素（通道截面尺寸,通道长度,主通道结构及入口形状,气、液相组成及其流速,吸收剂和系统压力）作用下CO₂吸收效率和传质系数的研究进展。     

微通道内气-液传质研究

以CO₂-H₂O为模型体系，实验考察了当量直径为667 μm的单通道和16个并行通道内的气-液传质行为.实验发现，液体表观速度增加，单通道内液侧体积传质系数明显提高;同一液体表观速度下，液侧体积传质系数随气体表观速度增加而增加;在实验数据基础上关联了液侧体积传质系数与气-液两相流参数间的关系.微通道内的液侧体积传质系数较常规尺度气-液接触设备至少高1～2个数量级.并讨论了并行微通道内气-液两相流分配特性对整体传质性能的影响，表明合理设计气、液流动分布结构，可保证微通道内优异的传质特性.     

壁面润湿性对微通道内二氧化碳-水两相流流动及传质性能的影响

在1 mm×1 mm矩形截面下微通道内,以二氧化碳-水为工作流体,研究壁面润湿性和气液表观流速对气-液两相流型和气液传质的影响,并研究了气、液表观流速对弹状流流体力学性质的影响。在亲水微通道中观测到了泡状流、泡状-弹状流、弹状流;在疏水微通道中观测到了非对称弹状流、拉长的非对称弹状流、分层流。实验表明亲水微通道中弹状流区域下气泡长度大体上随气相表观流速的增大而增大,随液相表观流速的增大而减小;液弹长度大体上随气相表观流速的增大而减小,随液相表观流速的增大先增大后减小;液侧体积传质系数k_La均随气、液相表观流速的增大而增大,随通道壁面润湿性的增强而增大。     

Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer Characteristics in a Gas-Liquid-Solid Bubble Column under Elevated Pressure and Temperature

abstract The volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa of gases (H2, CO, CO2) and mass transfer coefficient kL on liquid par-affin side were studied using the dynamic absorption method in slurry bubble ...     

Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous colloidal silica solution with diisopropanolamine

Carbon dioxide was absorbed into the aqueous nanometer-sized colloidal silica solution of 0–31 wt% and diisopropanolamine of 0–2 kmol/m³ in a flat-stirred vessel with the impeller of various sizes and speeds at 25 °C and 0.101 MPa to measure the absorption rate of CO₂. The volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient (k_La) of CO₂ was used to obtain the empirical correlation formula containing the rheological behavior of the aqueous colloidal silica solution. Reduction of the measured k_La was explained by the viscoelastic properties of the aqueous colloidal silica solution. The theoretical value of the absorption rate of CO₂ was estimated from the model based on the film theory accompanied by chemical reaction and compared with the measured value.     

Using expansion units to improve CO_2 absorption for natural gas purification——A study on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer

The usage of capillary tubes for CO₂ absorption suffers from small residence time, which leads to reduced performance for large throughput. This work presents a method of connecting expansion units to capillary tubes to serve as a residence time delayer. The effect of the expansion unit on gas-liquid hydrodynamics, pressure drop and mass transfer coefficient (k_La) are investigated under various operating pressures up to 4.0 MPa, for both physical and chemical absorption. A novel periodic jetting flow is found in the expansion unit, which can intensify the CO₂ absorption. Experimental results show that the strategy can significantly decrease the pressure drop while maintaining the absorption performance to a large extent. The overall k_La for physical and chemical absorption are correlated to pressure drop, respectively. Besides, CO₂ loading in rich absorbents increases dramatically compared to literature studies with only micromixers or capillary tubes, which is beneficial to regenerate solvent. The study verifies the concept that pre-treatment with water can largely reduce the usage of amines, and can also provide a guide for process design in natural gas purification such as biogas recovery.     

Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous PAA solution containing diethanolamine

Carbon dioxide was absorbed into aqueous polyacrylamide (PAA) solution containing diethanolamine (DEA) of 0–2 kmol/m³ in a flat-stirred vessel with the impeller of 0.034 m and agitation speed of 50 rpm at 25 °C and 0.101 MPa to measure the absorption rate of CO₂. The volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient (k_La) was obtained from the dimensionless empirical correlation formula presenting the rheological behavior of aqueous PAA solution. PAA with elastic property of non-Newtonian liquid made the rate of chemical absorption of CO₂ accelerate compared with Newtonian liquid based on the same viscosity of the solution. The estimated value of the absorption rate of CO₂ was obtained from the model based on the film theory accompanied by chemical reaction and compared with the measured value.     

Gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient in stirred tanks interpreted through models of idealized eddy structure of turbulence in the bubble vicinity

Experimental data on the average mass transfer liquid film coefficient (k_L) in an aerated tank stirred by two Rushton turbines on common shaft are presented. Liquid media used were distilled water and 0.5 M sodium sulphate solution. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_La) was measured by the dynamic pressure method with pure oxygen absorption. Specific interfacial area a was taken from Alves et al. [Chem. Eng. Proc., in press] who measured data on local gas hold-up and local average bubble diameter in the same apparatus and batches. Values of k_L are quantitatively interpreted in terms of correlations based on idealized eddy structures of turbulence in the bubble vicinity, namely by “eddy” model by Lamont and Scott [AIChE J. 16 (1970) 513] in the form of k_L=0.523(eν/ρ)^0.25(D/ν)^1/2, which fits the data with the mean deviation of 4.7%. It is shown that the decisive quantity to correlate k_L in the stirred tank is power dissipated in the liquid phase rather than the bubble diameter and the slip velocity as assumed by Alves et al.     

Solvent extraction with a three-dimensional reticulated hollow-strut SiC foam microchannel reactor

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of microchannel reactors for hydrometallurgy of rare earths (REs). Here, a novel integrated microchannel reactor based on the hollow-strut SiC foam material is presented and demonstrated to extract Ce³⁺ and Pr³⁺ using 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) as the extractant. The typical three-dimensional reticulated structure of the hollow-strut SiC foam was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro computed tomography. Since the reactor’s structure plays a key role in fluid mixing and mass diffusion during the extraction process, the structure-performance relationship of the foam was studied by extraction experiments combined with numerical simulations. Using the foam with the optimal structure, the influence of the flow rate Q₀ of the two liquid phases on the extraction efficiency η and overall volume mass transfer coefficient K_La was discussed. For both RE ions, with increasing Q₀, η decreases while K_La increases. For the total flow rate of the two phases of 4 ml·min^-1, the η values of Pr³⁺ and Ce³⁺ reached 98.7% and 97.0%, respectively. For the total flow rate of 36 ml·min^-1 which was much higher than that of many other microchannel reactors reported in the literatures, the η values of Pr³⁺ and Ce³⁺ still reached 92.2% and 86.9%, respectively, and the K_La values of Pr³⁺ and Ce³⁺ were 0.198 and 0.161 s^-1, respectively, similar to the high values reported for other microchannel reactors studied in previous work. These findings indicate that the hollow-strut SiC foam microchannel reactor is suitable for use in REs extraction.