基于动态优化和反馈控制的聚合反应过程牌号切换策略

针对单反应器多牌号聚合物生产过程, 提出一种结合动态优化和反馈控制的牌号切换策略。以实验室规模的连续搅拌釜式反应器中苯乙烯聚合牌号切换为对象, 以原料消耗最少为优化目标, 利用迭代动态规划求得切换过程中反应条件和产品性能指标的优化轨迹。引入针对反应温度的路径约束, 使优化后的切换轨迹更易跟踪实现, 防止过渡过程中变量的剧烈波动。仿真结果表明, 这一切换策略可以显著减少牌号切换过渡时间及过渡过程中原料的消耗量, 并能够有效克服进料温度变化的干扰。     

聚丙烯反应器的动态模拟

针对聚丙烯生产中广泛采用的ＣＳＴＲ反应器,建立了了聚合过程的动态模型,包括固体物料和催化剂、氢气浓度、熔融指数的动态方程。本模型可以准确地计算ＣＳＴＲ反应器的浆液浓度、产物固含率、催化剂残贸率、熔融指数等重要的生产指标。对产品牌号切换过程的仿真结果表明,丙烯聚合反应的质量闭环控制能带来巨大的经济效益。     

大型聚丙烯生产装置牌号切换滚动时域控制

基于滚动时域优化控制策略,提出了一种大型双环管聚丙烯生产过程最优牌号切换控制方法。首先结合机理分析,以Hammerstein模型描述聚丙烯牌号切换过程中质量指标动态特性;其次,根据牌号切换的性能指标,滚动优化计算每个时刻各反应器中聚合温度、氢气与丙烯浓度比、共聚单体乙烯与丙烯浓度比等操作变量。进一步结合双层控制结构和状态观测器设计,实现聚丙烯产品牌号切换的滚动优化闭环控制,并预测聚合物产品各质量指标的动态轨迹。最后,通过给出多个牌号切换实例仿真验证本文结果的有效性和实用性。     

基于动态过程划分的熔融指数软测量建模

牌号切换过程是聚合反应过程节能降耗的关键环节,已有的模型往往因为质量样本较少而弱化甚至避开这一过程。因此,在之前专门针对牌号切换过程提出的三阶段分解方法的基础上,进一步面向整个生产过程,针对聚丙烯反应过程存在的同一牌号的稳定生产过程以及不同牌号间的切换过程具有不同动态过程的特性,按照不同的生产模式和生产牌号划分不同动态过程的样本,采用多模型的方法在各自的样本集上建立子模型,有针对性地把握相应的动态变化规律。为了实现多个子模型之间的切换,进一步基于反应条件和反应结果估计值构建了综合判断模型。最后,通过实际数据验证,三阶段多模型相对Kim多模型、单一模型来说,具有更好的预测结果。     

基于动态过程划分的熔融指数软测量建模

牌号切换过程是聚合反应过程节能降耗的关键环节,已有的模型往往因为质量样本较少而弱化甚至避开这一过程。因此,在之前专门针对牌号切换过程提出的三阶段分解方法的基础上,进一步面向整个生产过程,针对聚丙烯反应过程存在的同一牌号的稳定生产过程以及不同牌号间的切换过程具有不同动态过程的特性,按照不同的生产模式和生产牌号划分不同动态过程的样本,采用多模型的方法在各自的样本集上建立子模型,有针对性地把握相应的动态变化规律。为了实现多个子模型之间的切换,进一步基于反应条件和反应结果估计值构建了综合判断模型。最后,通过实际数据验证,三阶段多模型相对Kim多模型、单一模型来说,具有更好的预测结果。     

连续聚合过程中多牌号产品过渡的生产调度最优化

应用连续聚合过程中牌号切换的最优化模型，提出了以目标函数值为判别依据的多牌号切换的最优化调度策赂。对多牌号树脂的生产系统进行了调度最优化的仿真研究，并在安全生产的前提下，以动态规划的方法考察了6个聚乙烯树脂牌号的生产调度，计算了树脂牌号的最优生产序列以及相应的过渡料数量和过渡时间，并分析了计算结果的合理性。     

Spheripol工艺丙烯聚合质量模型

针对Spheripol工艺,根据Z-N催化剂聚合机理,对不同牌号聚丙烯产品(包括均聚聚丙烯、无规共聚聚丙烯和抗冲聚丙烯)分别建立了熔融指数和乙烯质量分率的预测模型.并应用实际生产数据,对模型进行优化拟合,得到了模型参数.结果表明,熔融指数和乙烯质量分率预测模型的计算值与分析值之间的平均相对误差分别为3.86%和13.5%,模型可以较为准确地预测树脂质量,对聚合产品质量的软测量及牌号切换的研究有很大帮助.     

茂金属催化的丙烯气相聚合过程的单颗粒传质与传热模型

在分析负载茂金属催化的丙烯气相聚合过程中催化剂颗粒破碎行为基础上,提出了该过程聚丙烯颗粒内部传质与传热物理模型,耦合丙烯聚合本征反应建立了丙烯气相聚合过程的单颗粒模型:改进的多粒模型.采用上述模型得到了丙烯气相聚合过程中聚丙烯颗粒内部的单体浓度、平均温度、颗粒内部的温度梯度以及催化剂活性中心浓度等的变化规律.模拟结果表...     

丙烯液相本体聚合反应熔融指数可控性工业试验

丙烯液相本体聚合采用氢气作为聚丙烯分子量的调节剂,用来控制聚丙烯的烙融指数(MI),国内一些丙烯液相本体聚合装置还存在着一定的困难。本试验改进了聚合釜的密封性和加氢系统,氢气计量装置等,已探索出本装置氢气加入量和聚丙烯熔融指数(MI)之间的关系,从而解决了不同牌号的聚丙烯的生产工艺,为今后多牌号生产奠定了可靠基础。     

基于联立法的乙烯淤浆聚合牌号切换过程动态模拟

以乙烯淤浆聚合流程为研究对象,建立了包含动力学和热力学的动态机理模型,采用有限元正交配置法对控制变量和状态变量同步离散化,实现了全联立动态模拟。热力学物性计算采用Kriging函数估计,可适用于多个工况,最大误差不超过2%。利用Aspen Plus 5个牌号工况的数据,进行了模型稳态验证,并实现了牌号切换动态模拟,计算了平均分子量等质量指标,与Aspen Dynamic曲线吻合较好,为牌号切换的优化奠定了基础。     

Simultaneous optimization and control for polypropylene grade transition with two-layer hierarchical structure

In this paper, a two-layer hierarchical structure of optimization and control for polypropylene grade transition was raised to overcome process uncertain disturbances that led to the large deviation between the open-loop reference trajectory and the actual process. In the upper layer, the variant time scale based control vector parametric methods (VTS-CVP) was used for dynamic optimization of transition reference trajectory, while nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) based on closed-loop subspace and piece-wise linear (SSARX-PWL) model in the lower layer was tracking to the reference trajectory from the upper layer for overcoming high-frequency disturbances. Besides, mechanism about trajectory deviation detection and optimal trajectory updating onlinewere introduced to ensure a smooth transition for the entire process. The proposed method was validated with the real data from an industrial double-loop propylene polymerization reaction process with developed dynamic mechanismmathematicalmodel.     

连续聚合过程中产品牌号过渡的优化

以流化床乙烯气相聚合工艺为例建立了产品牌号切换模型 ,通过同时优化聚合温度、氢气和共聚单体的浓度、催化剂流率和料位高度等 5个操作变量的变化轨迹 ,使产品牌号的切换时间最短 ,过渡料数量最少 .研究表明 ,聚合温度、氢气和共聚单体的浓度对树脂性能指标的控制起主要作用 .为了减少过渡料的数量 ,一般均需降低催化剂流率和料位高度 .通过在目标函数中增加熔流比控制项可以抑制操作变量的剧烈调节 ,达到控制分子量分布的目的 .同时发现 ,产品牌号的正向和反向切换所得到的操作变量的最优轨迹很不相同 ,反映了系统的非线性     

具有不确定性的聚烯烃牌号切换过程动态优化

聚烯烃生产经常需要进行牌号切换操作,最优牌号切换策略能在保证生产安全的前提下减少切换过程中的经济损失.由于实际生产中存在不确定性,基于理论模型的最优解无法保证最优的切换结果,甚至使牌号切换失败.对此,有学者将最优性条件校正策略引入牌号切换问题中,在克服不确定性方面体现出较好效果.从最优输入轨迹中提取合理的解模型是校正策...     

Multiple active site Monte Carlo model for heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta propylene polymerization

In this study, the kinetics of propylene polymerization catalyzed with the fourth heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalyst is studied. More than one type of active site is present in the propylene polymerization based on an analysis of the GPC curves. A multiple active site kinetic model (MSmodel) is proposed by using Monte Carlo technique. Good agreements in the polymerization kinetics are achieved for fitting the kinetic profiles with the MSmodel. In addition, the MSmodel is used to describe the dynamic evolutions of the active sites and their effects on the propylene polymerization. The simulated results indicate that different types of active sites have different polymerization kinetics and the site type can affect the propylene polymerization kinetics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

A novel strategy for dynamic optimization of grade transition processes based on molecular weight distribution

To achieve different end‐use properties of polymers, an industrial plant must produce several grades of the product through the same process under different operating conditions. As molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a crucial quality index of polymers, grade transition based on MWD is of great importance. Dynamic optimization of the grade transition process using MWD is a challenging task because of its large‐scale nature. After analyzing the relationships among state variables during polymerization, a novel method is proposed to conduct the optimal grade transition using dynamic optimization with a small‐scale moment model, combined with a steady‐state calculation of the MWD. By avoiding expensive computation in dealing with dynamic MWD optimization, this technique greatly reduces the computational complexity of the process optimization. The theoretical equivalence of this simplification is also proved. Finally, an industrial high‐density polyethylene slurry process is presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed strategy. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2498–2512, 2014     

Optimization of grade transitions in polyethylene solution polymerization process under uncertainty

Model-based dynamic optimization is an effective tool for control and optimization of chemical processes, especially during transitions in operation. This study considers the dynamic optimization of grade transitions for a solution polymerization process. Here, a detailed dynamic model comprises the entire flowsheet and includes a method-of-moments reactor model to determine product properties, a simple yet accurate vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) model derived from rigorous calculations, and a variable time delay model for recycle streams. To solve the grade transition problem, both single stage and multistage optimization formulations have been developed to deal with specification bands of product properties.This dynamic optimization framework demonstrates significant performance improvements for grade transition problems. However, performance can deteriorate in the presence of uncertainties, disturbances and model mismatch. To deal with these uncertainties, this study applies robust optimization formulations through the incorporation of back-off constraints within the optimization problem. With back-off terms calculated from Monte Carlo simulations, the resulting robust optimization formulation can be solved with the same effort as the nominal dynamic optimization problem, and the resulting solution is shown to be robust under various uncertainty levels with minimal performance loss. Additional case studies show that our optimization approach extends naturally to different regularizations and multiple sources of uncertainty.