UHMWPE纤维/LDPE复合材料防弹性能及机理研究

本文探讨了用超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复合材料的防弹性能，研究了不同基体含量对复合材料防弹性能的影响。实验证明，UHMWPE纤维／LDPE复合材料具有较好的防弹性能，其最佳的基体含量在26％左右。同时，本文还通过分析防弹片材的断裂区域及复合材料的防弹机理确定了弹丸的变形情况和靶片“背凸”在防弹作用中的贡献。     

新型尼龙织布梭的研制及其应用

研究了马来酸酐接枝线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE-g-MAH)增容剂对尼龙66/超高分子量聚乙烯(PA66/UHMWPE)复合材料力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果表明,当LLDPE-g-MAH用量为16份时PA66与UHMWPE具有较好的相容性,制得的PA66/UHMWPE复合材料具有较好的综合性能,用其生产的尼龙梭取得了较好的使用效果。     

混杂填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦与磨损性能

制备了多相混杂填充超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）复合材料，研究其摩擦、磨损性能。结果表明，填料的加入可以缩短磨合期，延长稳定磨损期。多相混杂复合材料具有较低的摩擦因数，较好的耐磨性能。含质量分数为70％UHMWPE、质量分数为5％CF（碳纤维）、质量分数为10％PHBA（聚苯酯）、质量分数为15％PTW（六钛酸钾晶顺）的复合材料具有最好的性能，其摩擦因数低、磨痕宽度小、受摩擦速度和载荷的影响也比较小。磨损表面扫描电镜照片显示，纯UHMWPE表面较为粗糙，呈现粘着磨损和疲劳磨损特征，混杂填料试样表面光滑，不存在疲劳磨损特征。     

尼龙1212/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过插层聚合制备了尼龙1212／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，研究了反应条件、蒙脱土含量对复合材料性能的影响，并分析了原因。结果表明，聚合时加搅拌所制备复合材料的性能优于未加搅拌的，反应温度为240℃时复合材料的拉伸强度最高；蒙脱土含量为4％时，复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值，比纯尼龙1212提高18．9％，蒙脱土含量为6％时，复合材料的缺口冲击强度最高，比纯尼龙1212提高21．3％。     

UHMWPE/HDPE/PA1012复合材料的制备及性能研究

以高密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(HDPE-g-MAH)为相容剂,在双螺杆挤出机上通过原位增容反应制备了超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)/HDPE/尼龙1012(PA1012)复合材料。固定配比PE(HDPE∶UHMWPE)∶PA1012∶HDPE-g-MAH=50∶50∶7,考察HDPE与UHMWPE的比例对复合材料性能的影响。研究发现随着UHMWPE含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度逐渐增加,断裂伸长率逐渐减小。维卡软化温度在HDPE∶UHMWPE=60∶40时达到最小值,仅为141℃,高于或低于此配比,维卡软化温度有所提高。复合材料的耐磨性则呈现出先减小后增加的趋势;通过SEM对复合材料的微观形态、结构进行表征,发现随着HDPE与UHMWPE配比的变化,复合材料的基体与分散相发生了反转,从而引起了复合材料性能的改变。     

尼龙6/有机蒙脱土阻燃复合材料的结构与性能

将尼龙6、有机蒙脱土和阻燃剂（氢氧化镁、氨基硅油、十溴联苯醚和三氧化二锑、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐、三聚氰胺磷酸盐）通过熔融插层法直接制备了尼龙6／有机蒙脱土阻燃复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、力学性能测试、极限氧指数（LOI）测试研究了蒙脱土在复合材料内的分散、复合材料的力学性能以及阻燃性能。结果表明：氨基硅油与有机蒙脱土具有阻燃协同效应，当氨基硅油和有机蒙脱土质量分数分别为2％和5％时，复合材料的LOI高达34％。氢氧化镁、氨基硅油与有机蒙脱土三者具有极强的阻燃协同效应，当氢氧化镁用量分别为30％、40％、50％时，阻燃复合材料的LOI分别为63％、60％、70％。     

SMC晶须增强尼龙6复合材料的性能研究

通过注射成型的方法制备了SMC增强尼龙6复合材料,然后对复合材料的力学性能、热性能及其它物理性能进行了测试,研究了SMC晶须含量对SMC/nylon复合材料性能的影响规律。结果表明,SMC晶须对尼龙6的力学性能、耐热性能及形状尺寸稳定有明显的增强作用,晶须含量越高增强效果越好,但晶须对尼龙6的冲击性能及加工性能产生了不利的影响。     

高强高模聚乙烯纤维植物纤维纸基复合材料制备及性能

以高强高模聚乙烯（UHMWPE）短纤维和针叶木浆为原料，通过湿法成型技术结合树脂浸渍热压方法制备了UHMWPE纤维纸基复合材料，研究了原纸制备工艺和浸渍热压工艺对UHMWPE纤维纸基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，当UHMWPE纤维与针叶木浆质量比为7∶3、针叶木浆打浆度为58°SR、酚醛树脂水溶液质量分数为10%、上胶量为44%、热压工艺为15 min、10 MPa、130℃时，制得的UHMWPE纤维纸基复合材料性能较好。当原纸经过浸渍热压后，所制备的UHMWPE纤维纸基复合材料抗张指数为59.11 N·m/g，与原纸相比抗张指数提高了6.9倍，表面变得更光滑，同时具有较低的介电常数（约1.97）、介质损耗因数（0.45×10–2）和较好的热稳定性。     

珊瑚粉填充改性UHMWPE的划痕试验

将经过硅烷偶联剂处理的天然珊瑚(NC)粉末添加到超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)中,采用热压固化成型工艺制备出UHMWPE/NC复合材料,通过SEM、XRD和划痕试验等方法对NC在复合材料中的分散性和复合材料的抗划伤性能进行了测定,结果表明:随着NC含量的提高,复合材料中NC的分散性提高;当NC含量为30%时,与纯UHMWPE相比,复合材料的硬度和抗划伤性能分别提高了84%和41%。     

无卤阻燃改性增强尼龙6性能的研究

采用自制的无卤阻燃剂（IFR）对30％玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料进行阻燃改性,研究了IFR的不同加入量对复合材料阻燃性能、力学性能以及热性能的影响。结果表明：当IFR加入量为25％时．阻燃复合材料的极限氧指数（LOI）达到31,阻燃级别为V-0级,而拉伸强度为78．86MPa,冲击强度为5．06kJ／m^2,材料综合性能比较优异。热重分析（TGA）数据表明,IFR的加入,改变了复合材料的热分解行为,改善了成炭效果。     

Fabrication of Polyimide-Modified UHMWPE Composites and Enhancement Effect on Tribological Properties

Polyimide-modified ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites were fabricated by hot-press molding process. Mesoscopic morphologies of polyimide/UHMWPE blending systems show high compatibility between the phases of polyimide and UHMWPE when the weight ratio of polyimide is no more than 50?wt%. Investigation of the tribological properties with a reciprocating ball-on-flat contact tribometer shows that the polyimide filler has important effects on the friction and wear behavior of UHMWPE composites. Compared to pure UHMWPE, the composite with 50?wt% polyimide improved tribological properties best and exhibited 43.1% reduction in friction coefficient and 66.7% reduction in wear volume loss.     

Effects of solid lubricants on friction and wear behaviors of polyamide 6

As solid lubricants, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), graphite, and ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) can improve the tribological properties of PA6. The mechanical and the tribological properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) composites filled with solid lubricants were researched. The blended materials were injection molded to provide the test samples. Mechanical properties were studied in terms of the tensile strength and impact strength. Friction and wear experiments were run at a rotating speed of 1500 rpm and under loads of 40 and 160 N. The worn surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope. It was found that an improvement of tribological properties can be obtained by preparing PA6 composites, which was closely related to the varieties and the contents of solid lubricants added. At a load of 40 N, PTFE was the most effective to have reductions of both coefficient and mass wear rate, while at a load of 160 N, UHMWPE was the most helpful. The effects of Combination Solid Lubricants were also discussed. The results showed that synergistic reaction can be gained to modify the tribology capabilities of PA6. Moreover, the micrographs taken in the worn surface of PA6 composites revealed that adhesive wear, abrasive wear and fatigue wear occurred in this study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

纳米Si3N4与玻璃纤维混杂增强PA6复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

以纳米Si3N4和玻璃纤维(GF)混杂增强尼龙6(PA6)复合材料,对PA6复合材料的摩擦学性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,纳米Si3N4和GF混杂可以显著改善PA6复合材料的摩擦学性能,以质量分数3%Si3N4和20%GF混杂填料的耐磨减摩性最好。扫描电子显微镜观察发现,纯PA6的磨损机理以粘着和犁削为主。在PA6/GF复合材料中纳米Si3N4含量较低时,复合材料的磨损机理主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损,但当复合材料中纳米Si3N4含量较高时,复合材料的磨损机理主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

Effect of solid lubricants on tribological behavior of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6

The tribological properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (GF/PA6, 15/85 by weight) and its composites filled with solid lubricants were investigated. The main purposes of this article were to study the hybrid effect of solid lubricants with glass fiber as well as the synergism of combined solid lubricants, the wear mechanisms were studied by SEM. The results showed that graphite impaired the tribological properties of GF/PA6, but the tribology behavior of graphite filled GF/PA6 composite could be significantly improved by polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) or/and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and the GF/PA6 composite filled with 5 wt % graphite, 5 wt % PTFE together with 5 wt % UHMWPE exhibited the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate, which was almost a reduction in friction coefficient by 37% and in wear rate by 34% contrast to GF/PA6. The effect of load was also studied, and the results showed that the friction coefficient was virtually not affected by load, while the wear rate all increased with increasing load. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1783–1793, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

铜及其氧化物填充UHMWPE力学、摩擦学性能研究

在超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)中分别填充铜粉、氧化铜粉和氧化亚铜粉,用万能材料试验机、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了三种填料对UHMWPE复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜对几种材料的磨损表面进行了观察和分析。结果表明,在填料添加量相同时,铜粉的减摩耐磨效果最好,氧化铜粉的减摩耐磨效果次之,氧化亚铜粉的减摩耐磨效果最差;以体积分数25％的铜粉填充的UHMWPE复合材料,具有良好的力学性能和摩擦学性能,是一种有应用前景的聚合物基减摩抗磨材料。     

Improvement of the tribological behavior of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene by incorporation of poly (phenyl p‐hydroxyzoate)

Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene/poly (phenyl p‐hydroxyzoate) composites (coded as UHMWPE/PPHZ) were prepared by compression molding. The effects of the poly (phenyl p‐hydroxyzoate) on the tribological properties of the UHMWPE/PPHZ composites were investigated, based on the evaluations of the tribological properties of the composites with various compositions and the examinations of the worn steel surfaces and composites structures by means of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the incorporation of the PPHZ led to a significant decrease in the wear rate of the composites. The composites with the volume fraction of the PPHZ particulates within 45% ～ 75% showed the best wear resistance. The friction coefficient of the UHMWPE/PPHZ composites decreased with increasing load and sliding velocity, while the wear rates increased with increasing load. This was attributed to the enhanced softening and plastic deformation of the composites at elevated load or sliding velocity. The UHMWPE/PPHZ composites of different compositions had differences in the microstructures and the transfer film characteristics on the counterpart steel surface as well. This accounted for their different friction and wear behaviors. The transfer film of the UHMWPE/PPHZ composites appeared to be thinner and more coherent, which was largely responsible for their better wear resistance of t composite than the UHMWPE matrix. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2336–2343, 2005     

基于超高分子量聚乙烯及其复合材料摩擦学研究进展

综述了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)及其改性复合材料的摩擦磨损规律的研究进展。传统方法改性对UHMWPE摩擦学性能的改善程度有限,而纳米粒子由于自身的表面效应、体积效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应,使得纳米改性UHMWPE的摩擦学性能得到了很好的改善。     

Tribological performance of self-lubricating polyurethane elastomer compounding with the modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder was modified by surface treatment technology, then its wettability, dispersibility, mechanical, and tribological properties in polyurethane elastomer were studied. The testing results showed that after surface treatment, UHMWPE powder could infiltrate and disperse evenly in polyurethane, and build micro cross-link with the contact surface of polymer substrate, which is conducive to enhancing the internal stress of polymer and improving the mechanical properties. With a small amount of modified UHMWPE being added into the casting polyurethane (CPU) elastomer, the right-angled tearing strength increases and the abrasion loss decreases. Moreover, the elastomer surface self-lubricating performance of CPU compounding with modified UHMWPE is enhanced: compared with the neat CPU sample, the average friction coefficient of the CPU samples with 5%, 10%, and 15% of modified UHMWPE is reduced by 46.3%, 41.5%, and 39.0%, respectively, and the surface wear resistance is improved; under the high-load working condition, the CPU elastomer with 5% of modified UHMWPE has the optimal tribological performance.     

Mechanical properties study of micro‐ and nano‐hydroxyapatite reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composites

This is a comparative study between ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with micro‐ and nano‐hydroxyapatite (HA) under different filler content. The micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites were prepared by hot‐pressing method, and then compression strength, ball indentation hardness, creep resistance, friction, and wear properties were investigated. To explore mechanisms of these properties, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectrum, wettability, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry analysis were carried out on the samples. The results demonstrated that UHMWPE reinforced with micro‐ and nano‐HA would improve the ball indentation hardness, compression strength, creep resistance, wettability, and wear behavior. The mechanical properties for both micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites were comparable with pure UHMWPE. The mechanical properties of nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites are better compared with micro‐HA/UHMWPE composites and pure UHMWPE. The optimum filler quantity of micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites is found to be at 15 wt % and 10 wt %, separately. The micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites exhibit a low friction coefficient and good wear resistance at this content. The worn surface of HA/UHMWPE composites shows the wear mechanisms changed from furrow and scratch to surface rupture and delamination when the weight percent of micro‐ and nano‐HA exceed 15 wt % and 10 wt %. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42869.     

Influence of cenosphere on tribological properties of short carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites

This investigation focuses on the effects of cenosphere fillers on tribological properties of carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Dry sliding wear behavior of 15 wt % short carbon fiber (SCF) reinforced PEEK composites filled with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % cenosphere was reported in this study, pure PEEK and 15 wt % SCF reinforced PEEK composites were also prepared for comparative analysis. Friction and wear experiments were conducted on a ring-on-block apparatus under different loads (100–400 N). The experimental results showed that all the composites exhibited lower coefficient of friction and better wear resistance than the matrix resin under different load conditions. It is noted that 10 wt % of the cenosphere particles filled SCF reinforced PEEK composites show superior tribological properties when compared to the other composites in this study. The morphologies of the worn surface and the fracture surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the transfer film was observed by optical microscope to understand the dominant wear mechanisms. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47245.