原位接枝插层法制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用原位接枝插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.借助长链有机胺有机化的蒙脱土在溶液中与马来酸酐和少量辅助溶胀剂进行溶胀;溶胀后的有机蒙脱土再与聚丙烯、适量引发剂在Haake混炼机中进行熔融反应,得到一种聚丙烯/蒙脱土接枝插层共混物;再将接枝插层共混物按一定比例与聚丙烯在Haake混炼机中进行混炼得到聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和热失重分析仪(TGA)分别对各步骤的产物进行表征.产物的XRD和TEM分析结果表明蒙脱土完全剥离并均匀分散在聚丙烯基体中,形成了真正的聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.TGA分析结果显示出该纳米复合材料具有相当好的热稳定性.     

聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

对钠基蒙脱土进行有机化处理,XRD表明有机阳离子已同钠离子发生离子交换。熔融法制备聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土插层复合材料,用X－射线衍射研究复合材料的结构,聚氯乙烯不能插层于钠基蒙脱土,但能插层于有机蒙脱土,形成剥离型纳米复合材料。采用DSC研究了聚氯乙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料的玻璃化转变温度,研究结果表明,聚氯乙烯／有机蒙脱土比聚 乙烯／钠基蒙脱土复合材料的力学性能优异。     

新型超分散有机蒙脱土的制备和表征

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为插层剂,通过先机械搅拌后超声振荡的复合工艺对钠基蒙脱土进行了有机改性,制备了超分散蒙脱土并对其进行了表征.FTIR表明有机插层剂进入蒙脱土层间;XRD结果表明超分散蒙脱土层间距由改性前的1.01 nm增加到3.13 nm;SEM和TEM表明蒙脱土已被剥离成单个片层.粒径分析表明超分散蒙脱土有很好的亲油性和分散性;沉降对比实验说明超分散蒙脱土分散性好,可长时间悬浮在熔融己内酰胺中.     

EVOH／有机蒙脱土插层复合材料的制备与表征

将经有机化处理过的蒙脱土与EVOH熔融共混制备插层复合材料，并对该复合材料进行了XRD分析，分析结果表明：聚合物基体已经插入了有机蒙脱土片层间；复合体系中蒙脱土含量越小，蒙脱土被插开的片层间距越大；当复合体系中有机蒙脱土含量≤8％时，形成剥离型复合材料；当有机蒙脱土含量在8％～15％时，形成插层型复合材料；当有机蒙脱土含量大于15％时，复合材料中蒙脱土片层间距无明显变化。对EVOH与蒙脱土熔融共混过程的扭矩分析表明：该复合材料熔融混合9min之后，达到均匀混合和完全塑化的状态。     

聚丙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料的制备、结构及性能

以改性聚丙烯作增容剂，用熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料，研究了有机蒙脱土对复合材料力学性能的影响，并用X射线衍射研究了复合材料的结构。结果表明：增容剂增加了聚丙烯与蒙脱土片层之间的作用力，使蒙脱土片层间距增大，在聚丙烯基体中分散更好，因而使聚丙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料的缺口冲击强度大幅度提高，当蒙脱土含量达5％时，缺口冲击强度提高120％，并且拉伸性能下降不大，约下降5％，其中有机蒙脱土TJ4的增韧效果最好。     

PBAT/OMMT复合材料的力学性能研究

以可降解聚酯聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为原料,采用熔融插层复合技术制备可降解聚酯(PBAT)/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并对材料的相关性能进行了表征和研究。首先,采用固相插层法以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为插层剂,对蒙脱土进行有机化处理,并对固相插层工艺进行了详细的研究。结果表明:插层剂用量、搅拌温度,搅拌时间都成为了影响插层效果的因素。然后将有机蒙脱土(OMMT)与PBAT进行熔融插层共混,制得可降解聚酯PBAT/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并使用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉伸机、差示量热扫描(DSC)对其性能进行表征。考察了蒙脱土含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,熔融插层制备的纳米复合材料的力学性能、热性能等与纯的PBAT相比都有了较大的提高。     

有机插层剂对聚酰胺6／MMT纳米复合材料制备的影响研究

以烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土片层进行阳离子交换，制备出层间距不同的有机蒙脱土。采用熔融插层法和原位聚合法分别制备聚酰胺（R％）／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料，并利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM对有机蒙脱土及纳米复合材料进行结构表征。研究结果表明：用烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸有机插层剂改性的蒙脱土层间距由原来的1．25nm分别增大到3．21nm、3．99nm和1．82m；季铵盐有机插层剂更适用于熔融插层法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料，而氨基酸有机插层剂更适用于原位聚合法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料。     

季铵盐插层剂对高密度聚乙烯性能的影响

采用季铵盐阳离子作为插层剂与钠基蒙脱土层间的无机阳离子进行离子交换,制备系列有机化蒙脱土,利用红外光谱对蒙脱土的结构进行表征,结果表明,插层剂已进入蒙脱土的层间.同时将有机化蒙脱土与HDPE进行熔融插层,制备了纳米聚乙烯复合材料,研究了插层剂对其部分力学性能的影响.     

功能化聚乙烯蜡／有机蒙脱土插层复合母粒的研制

用两种不同改性剂与蒙脱土进行离子交换制得了两种有机蒙脱土，用功能化聚乙烯与有机蒙脱土进行熔融插层复合制备了功能化聚乙烯蜡/有机蒙脱土插层复合母粒，用X-射线衍射，傅立叶红外光谱，热重分析，差示扫描量热和抽提实验等对所得有机蒙脱土和功能化聚乙烯蜡/有机蒙脱土插层复合母粒的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明，有机蒙脱土层间距的增大和功能化聚乙烯蜡的极性活性官能团使得功能化聚乙烯蜡可以被插入到有机蒙脱土的夹层之间，甚至与层间的有机改性剂形成共价键而不被有机溶剂抽提出来。     

双转子连续混炼机制备插层型聚乙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

借助双转子连续混炼机,通过直接熔融插层法制备了聚乙烯侑机蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并用 XRD 测试了有机蒙脱土的层间距。分析了不同转子转速和喂料速率对聚乙烯/有机蒙脱土复合材料层间距及其力学性能的影响。结果表明,选择适当的操作工艺以获得合适的剪切强度对于制备插层型聚乙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料极为重要,当转子转速为400 r/min,喂料速率为1.35 kg/h 时,制得的聚乙烯侑机蒙脱土复合材料层间距最大,插层效果最佳,有机蒙脱土的增强与增韧效果最好。     

Crystallization behaviors of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

The isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/MMT) nanocomposites synthesized via intercalation polymerization were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter and polarizing optical microscope (POM). The crystallinity of the nanocomposites decreased with the increase of the montmorillonite content, indicating that the MMT layers dispersed in the PP matrices confined the PP chains and hindered the crystallization of the PP chains. The POM photographs showed that the spherulites of the PP/MMT nanocomposites were greatly decreased in size as MMT was introduced. On the other hand, the crystallization rate increased dramatically with the increasing of MMT content. The interfacial free‐energy per unit area perpendicular to PP chains in PP/MMT nanocomposites decreased with increasing MMT content, suggesting that the MMT layers acted as heterogeneous nuclei in the nucleation of crystallization. The nucleus density increased with the increasing of MMT content, leading to a positive effect on the crystallization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1978–1985, 2002     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和性能

采用熔融插层法在双螺杆挤出机中制备了聚丙烯(PP)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,纳米复合材料机械性能测试结果表明,当有机MMT质量分数为2%时,复合材料的弯曲强度明显优于PP。扫描电镜观测不到纳米复合材料中明显的有机-无机相畴,表明MMT片层分散均匀,分散尺度已基本达到纳米级。DSC(差示扫描量热仪)分析测试结果表明,MMT的加入提高了PP的结晶速率,并使结晶度增大。     

Polypropylene nanocomposites prepared with natural and ODTABr‐modified montmorillonite

In this study, the main goal is to obtain montmorillonite nanocomposites of polypropylene (PP). To achieve this goal, a two‐phase study was performed. In the first part of the work, organomodified clay (OMMT) was synthesized and characterized. Octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTABr) cationic surfactant was added to the clay (Na‐activated montmorillonite, MMT) dispersions in different concentrations in the range of 5 × 10^?5–1 × 10^?2 mol/L. Rheologic, electrokinetic, and spectral analyses indicated that ODTABr has interacted with MMT at optimum conditions when the concentration was 1 × 10^?2 mol/L. In the second part, modified (OMMT) and unmodified (MMT) montmorillonite were used to obtain PP nanocomposites (OMMT/PP and MMT/PP, respectively). The nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation where the montmorillonite contents were 1 or 5% (w/w) for each case. The thermal analyses showed that the thermal properties of OMMT/PP nanocomposites were better than MMT/PP, and both of them were also better than pure polymer. Increase in the concentration of MMT (or OMMT) decreased the thermal resistance. Based on the IR absorption intensity changes of regularity and conformational bands, it is found that the content of the helical structure of macromolecular chains has increased with increasing concentrations of both MMT and OMMT in the nanocomposites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

SBS/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其性能Ⅱ.复合材料的性能

分别采用大分子溶液插层法和大分子熔融插层法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（SBS）／蒙脱土纳米复合材料．研究了材料的力学性能。纳米结构的形成对复合材料的性能产生显著影响，少量蒙脱士的引入可以明显改善SBS／蒙脱土复合材料的力学性能。无论溶液插层法制备的星型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，还是熔融插层法制备的线型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都同时增加。其中，溶液插层法制备的纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了75％和55％；熔融法制备的纳米复合材料的托伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了70％和18％。     

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polyoxymethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposite

The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polyoxymethylene (POM), polyoxymethylene/Na–montmorillonite (POM/Na–MMT), and polyoxymethylene/organic–montmorillonite (POM/organ–MMT) nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry at various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a method developed by Mo were employed to describe the nonisothermal crystallization process of POM/Na–MMT and POM/organ–MMT nanocomposites. The difference in the values of the exponent n between POM and POM/montmorillonite nanocomposites suggests that the nonisothermal crystallization of POM/Na–MMT and POM/organ–MMT nanocomposites corresponds to a tridimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. The values of half‐time and the parameter Z_c, which characterizes the kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization, show that the crystallization rate of either POM/Na–MMT or POM/organ–MMT nanocomposite is faster than that of virgin POM at a given cooling rate. The activation energies were evaluated by the Kissinger method and were 387.0, 330.3, and 328.6 kJ/mol for the nonisothermal crystallization of POM, POM/Na–MMT nanocomposite, and POM/organ–MMT nanocomposite, respectively. POM/montmorillonite nanocomposite can be as easily fabricated as the original polyoxymethylene, considering that the addition of montmorillonite, either Na–montmorillonite or organ–montmorillonite, may accelerate the overall nonisothermal crystallization process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2281–2289, 2001     

SBS/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其性能Ⅰ.复合材料的结构

分别采用大分子溶液插层法和大分子熔融插层法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)，蒙脱土纳米复合材料，采用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对材料的结构进行了表征。结果表明，无论是采用大分子溶液插层法还是大分子熔融插层法，都能得到SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对于溶液插层法，蒙脱土插层剂的种类、SBS牌号对插层效果都有影响：对于熔融插层法，SBS牌号对是否形成插层型纳米复合材料影响最大，淬火对熔融挤出后得到的纳米复合材料无益。星形结构的SBS适宜于采用溶液插层法、线形结构的SBS适宜于采用熔融插层法制备纳米复合材料。     

Dynamic mechanical,thermal, and morphological properties of silane‐treated montmorillonite reinforced polycarbonate nanocomposites

Three different loading of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) was used to modify the Na‐montmorillonite via cation exchange technique. The Na‐MMT and silane‐treated montmorillonite (STMMT) were melt‐compounded with polycarbonate (PC) by using Haake Minilab machine. The PC nanocomposite samples were prepared by using Haake Minijet injection molding technique. The intercalation and exfoliation of the PC/MMT nanocomposites were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal properties of the PC nanocomposites were investigated by using dynamic mechanical analyzer and thermogravimetry analyzer. XRD and TEM results revealed partial intercalation and exfoliation of STMMT in PC matrix. Increase of APS concentration significantly enhanced the storage modulus (E′) and improved the thermal stability of PC nanocomposites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

PP/PA6/OMMT复合材料力学性能与结晶性能的研究

采用3种不同有机改性过的蒙脱土(牌号为DK2,DK3,DK5)熔融插层法制备了PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合物材料,在此基础上使用1%～7%的DK2的蒙脱土再次制备PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合物材料,借助力学性能测试和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对体系的力学性能和结晶性能进行了研究。结果表明:使用DK2制备的复合材料的力学性能优于使用DK3和DK5制备的复合材料的力学性能;相对于纯PP,PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合物材料随OMMT含量的增加,拉伸强度和弯曲强度是先增加后降低,最大下降幅度分别为8.7%和5.3%;冲击韧性一直上升达到9.61kJ/m2。OMMT的加入,对PP/PA6有异相成核的作用,提高PP/PA6的结晶速率和结晶度。     

含氮相容剂对聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料阻燃性能的影响

以N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-NHA)为相容剂,采用熔融插层法,制备聚丙烯(PP)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、偏光显微镜(POM)、差式扫描量热仪(DSC)和氧指数仪(LOI)等对复合材料的微观结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明PP-g-NHA能有效地改善PP与MMT的相容性,当蒙脱土用量为5%、PP-g-NHA用量为15%时,PP/PP-g-NHA/MMT纳米复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)由PP的18提高到23。X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明,PP已经插层进入到蒙脱土片层中,当蒙脱土用量为5%、PP-g-NHA用量为5%时插层效果最好,DSC分析结果表明,复合材料的熔融温度和分解温度都有所上升。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵（OTAC）和十二烷基二甲基卞基氯化铵（DDBAC）改性蒙脱土,以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐（PP-g-MAH）作相容剂,通过熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料（PP/OMMT）.结果表明,PP-g-MAH能有效地改善PP与OMMT的相容性,当OTAC改性的蒙脱土（OMMT-O）用量为5wt%、PP-g-MAH用量为10wt%时,PP/PP-g-MAH/OMMT-O纳米复合材料的冲击强度为5.4 KJ/m^2,比纯PP提高了80%,极限氧指数（LOI）由PP的18提高到23.X射线衍射（XRD）测试表明,PP已经插层进入到蒙脱土片层中,部分蒙脱土产生了剥离.