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整流机组节能技术改造总结

介绍了整流机组的技术改造内容。通过改造,提高了装备技术水平,简化了操作,提高了供电的平稳性和安全性;降低了电力损耗;节约了能源。     

焙烧炉燃烧系统油改天然气研究与应用

介绍了炭素焙烧炉燃烧系统由燃油改为天然气的过程,以及使用效果和效益分析,真正实现了清洁生产,达到了理想的节能效果,改善了工艺水平、降低了生产成本、提高了生产效率、净化了工作环境。     

用磷酸进行活性炭后处理的探讨

本文介绍了用磷酸代替盐酸进行活性炭酸洗的方法,该法避免了环境污染,简化了工艺过程,改善了劳动环境,降低了产品成本,提高了产品质量。     

汽车内饰转向护板注塑模设计

本文基于CAD/CAE技术对汽车内饰件转向护板注塑模具进行了设计。运用Pro/E软件对模具进行了三维设计,使用Moldflow对模具进行了CAE分析,优化了浇口位置,合理设计了排气槽,提高了设计效率,创新了塑料模具设计方式。根据产品结构,采用动模中心凸起布局,应用斜顶机构实现侧抽芯,简化了模具结构,提高了模具设计质量,降低了制造成本。     

物料自我粉碎技术初探

对球磨机的研磨进行了研究，提出了物料自我粉碎，降低了研磨成本，提高了研磨效率，既保证了料浆质量又节约了电耗。     

焙烧炉燃烧系统油改天然气研究与应用

介绍了炭素焙烧炉燃烧系统由燃油改为天然气的过程以及使用效果和效益分析,通过改造真正实现了清洁生产,达到了节能效果,改善了工艺水平,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率,净化了工作环境。     

石油化工企业氢气综合利用

分析了连续重整装置与液相本体聚丙烯装置通过技术改造及操作方案调整,实现了氢气相互综合利用,有效降低了装置能耗和加工成本,减少了污染物排放,达到了能源综合利用,取得了良好的经济效益,实现了循环经济、环保经济。     

硫铁矿渣冷却滚筒的改进

阐述了原硫铁矿渣冷却洋滚筒的缺陷,分析了故障原因,并从设计、制造、安装三方面作了改进。实施后,输送能力满足了生产要求,延长了运行周期,降低了检修费用,保证了正常生产。     

升降搅拌减速机性能改进

改造设计了升降搅拌减速机，使润滑方式更加合理，增加了扭矩，提高了强度，减少了磨损，性能更加完善，减少了维修费用，延长了运转周期。     

Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry: capabilities and applications to fuel-related materials

The expanding capabilities of mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (m.s.-m.s.) in mixture analysis and its applications to fuel-related materials are illustrated. High and low collision energy m.s.-m.s. data obtained on reverse geometry and triple quadrupole spectrometers are given for coal-derived liquid (SRC II) and diesel particulate samples. The direct analysis capability of the m.s.-m.s. methodology and its limitations are illustrated for the identification of an aliphatic carboxylic acid in diesel paniculate. The selective ionization techniques of ammonia chemical ionization and negative chemical ionization are shown to be particularly useful in enhancing the specificity of m.s.-m.s. characterizations. Negative chemical ionization is used to confirm the presence of hydroxybenzoic acid in a diesel particulate sample. Combined laser desorption-chemical ionization is also demonstrated to be an effective ionization technique in m.s.-m.s. analysis. A variant of m.s.-m.s., in which selected anions fragment with charge inversion to give fragment cations, is also employed in the analysis of SRC II and used to identify thioaryl moieties. Functional group screening by an alternative m.s.—m.s. scan procedure, neutral loss scanning, is demonstrated for phenols in SRC II. A scan for all parent ions of a selected daughter ion provides a screening procedure for rapidly identifying all compounds of a given structural type in a complex mixture. The dependence of m.s.-m.s. spectra on collision energy and pressure is shown to add further detail to m.s.—m.s. analysis. The development of a library of m.s.—m.s. spectra of reference compounds to be used for the identification of individual constituents in fuel-related materials is described.     

Processing of cellulose via highly concentrated “solid solutions”

The examined method of processing cellulose can be used to conduct solid-phase EDA-complexation of cellulose with high-melting MMO hydrates in conditions of the effect of shear strains and pressure. The method allows: expanding the concentration range of the solubility of cellulose in MMO to 50% and obtaining highly concentrated spinning solutions with a concentration of up to 30%; decreasing the duration of dissolution to 5–10 min; regulating the process of thermal degradation of MMO and cellulose: fabricating Orcel^® fibre with a high degree of orientation and high strength and modulus of elasticity. The solid-phase amine oxide method of processing cellulose was developed by the contract group at the All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibres (VNIIPV): Candidate L. K. Golova (director), candidate N. V. Vasil'eva, Candidate L. K. Kuznetsova. Candidate T. A. Lyubova, Research Associate O. E. Borodina, and Research Associate T. B. Krylova with the participation of leading specialists at the Institute's BI Center (director of the Center, Candidate I. Z. Eifer). The studies of the properties and structure of Orcel^® fibre were conducted by leading specialists at the Institute's BIFIM Complex (Professor M. M. Iovleva. Director). Candidates V. N. Smirnova, S. I. Banduryan, T. A. Belousova, L. P. Mil'kova, I. N. Andreeva, L. P. Konovalova, V. G. Brusentsova, Dr. A. T. Kalashnik, Research Associate G. Ya. Rudinskaya, and Dr. A. Sh. Goikhman.All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibres, Mytishchi. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 13–23, January–February, 1996.     

LIGHTWEIGHT SUPERDUTY KYANITE-TOPAZ REFRACTORY*

Standard-size 9-in. brick with a weight of 5 lb. were successfully processed. Some of these brick had linear shrinkages of less than 1% in the A.S.T.M. load test at 1450°C. and less than 2% volume shrinkage in the 1600°C. A.S.T.M. reheat test. The pyrometric cone equivalent was 37 or above.     

An h.p.l.e. and m.s. analysis of distillate fractions of neutral oil from hydrogenated Akabira coal to elucidate chemical structures

Akabira coal-derived neutral oil was separated into 25 narrow boiling range fractions covering 183–423 °C, and subsequently separated into compound class fractions : alkanes, monoaromatics, naphthalene-type diaromatics, fluorene-type diaromatics and tri- and/or tetraaromatics, by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). The compound type analyses of the distillate/h.p.l.c. fractions were performed using electron impact mass spectroscopy (e.i.m.s.) or field ionization mass spectroscopy (f.i.m.s.). Aromatic/hydroaromatic compound types and the alkyl side-chain carbon distribution of the distillate/h.p.l.c. fractions were clarified, based on the separation behaviour of h.p.l.c. and the type analyses according to Z value by m.s. By the distillation/h.p.l.c./m.s. method, coal-derived oil was characterized in terms of the distribution of the numbers of aromatic rings, naphthenic rings and carbons of alkyl groups attached to these rings. The variations in chemical structure in a compound class with distillation temperature are discussed in terms of these chemical structural factors.     

A study of the determination of peroxides in fats

Summary The Kokatnur-Jelling method as modified by Lingenfelter for the determination of peroxides in animal fat has been found to agree satisfactorily with other methods now in use. The modified method involves a microtitration in a homogeneous medium (isopropanol) and has the additional advantages of being both simple and rapid. A statistical analysis of the peroxide values shows that the reaction time and temperature and the sample size must be standardized to obtain reproducible and reliable results. Close adherence to reaction specifications such as five minutes at 80°C. or seven minutes at 75°C. is necessary. Three minutes is too short a reaction time. The individual fat sample should contain no more than 50 microequivalents of peroxygen to avoid depression of the peroxide value. This publication is based on one of a series of studies supported largely by the Buffalo Niagara Electric Power Corporation, Carrier Corporation, Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corporation. Central N. Y. Power Corporation, Consolidated Edison Company of N. Y., Inc., Long Island Lighting Company, N. Y. Power and Light Corporation, N. Y. State Electric and Gas Corporation, Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation, and the Staten Island Edison Corporation. The studies are being carried out under the direction of a committee appointed from the staff of Cornell University, consisting of the following members: Dr. L. A. Maynard, chairman, Dean E. Lee Vincent, Dr. C. E. F. Guterman, Dr. A. J. Heinicke, Dean S. C. Hollister. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance and interest of Drs. Walter L. Nelson, S. E. Smith, and H. L. Lucas in the experimental design and statistical analysis.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人尿中多种多环芳烃代谢物

建立了用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测法同时检测人尿中6种多环芳烃羟基代谢产物的新方法。采用DiamonsilTMC18(5μm,150 nm×4.6 nm)色谱柱分离,以V(甲醇)∶V(乙酸钠缓冲液)=66∶34为流动相,在波长280 nm检测,流速为0.95 mL/min。结果表明,当9-羟基菲、α-萘酚、β-萘酚、1-羟基芘、2-羟基芴和9-羟基芴的摩尔浓度分别为0.105~500.0μmol/L,0.106~135.0μmol/L,0.120~135.0μmol/L,0.085~50.00μmol/L,0.094~200.0μmol/L和0.101~200.0μmol/L时,峰面积与质量浓度呈很好的线性关系,相对标准偏差分别为2.5%~4.4%,2.1%~4.3%,2.3%~3.2%,1.7%~3.9%,1.9%~2.6%和1.8%~3.5%(n=6),平均回收率分别为92.6%,100.4%,101.0%,91.0%,106.7%和95.5%。方法准确可靠,用于尿样测定,结果满意。     

Books Received

MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER SYSTEMS. Edited by I. S. Miles and S. Rostami. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, UK, 1992, 435pp. (UK£ 65.00).

HANDBOOK OF ADHESION. Edited by D. E. Packham. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, UK, 1992, 570pp. (UK£80.00).

PLASMA SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS: Relevance to Adhesion. Edited by M. Strobel, C. S. Lyons and K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1994, 290pp. (DM122/US$79).

ADHESION MEASUREMENT OF FILMS AND COATINGS. Edited by K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1995, 456pp. (DM147/US$96).

CONTACT ANGLE, WETTABILITY AND ADHESION. Edited by K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1993, 971pp. (no price given).     

Information: Sixth Korshaks Readings

Traditional Korshak's Readings were as always held January 11–12, 1994, around the birth date of Professor Vasilii V. Korshak, who was a founder of the synthetic polymer school in former Soviet Union and was at the head of polymer science in the USSR for a long time. Among his disciples there are 200 philosophy doctors and 40 doctors of science. This year the Readings were dedicated to the 85th Anniversary of Professor Korshak's birthday (January 9, 1909). They were organized by the Scientific Council on Macromolecules of the Division of Pure and Applied Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nesmeyanov Institute of Elementoorganic Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEOC), and Mendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and Technology. The Organizing Committee involved well-known colleagues and disciples of Professor V. V. Korshak. They were Professors A. L. Rusanov (the chairman), A. A. Askadsky, P. M. Valetsky, V. A. Vasnev, S. V. Vinogradova, Ya. S. Vygodsky, V. A. Davankov, V. V. Kireev, and A. R. Khokhlov. About 100 scientists from 15 research centers contributed in the conferences.     

B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物，并对包合物进行了差热分析，证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明，当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时，包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高，确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明，当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后，与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比，对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d，B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％，而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。