联醇工艺的进展

介绍了合成氨联产甲醇工艺的工业化、双甲工艺的开发及联醇与其他净化技术的组合,并说明双甲工艺是目前合成氨生产中一项新的净化技术,把甲醇化、甲烷化作为原料气净化精制手段,既减少了有效氢的消耗,又副产甲醇。     

降低蒸汽转化法合成氨装置生产成本的有效途径

根据蒸汽转化法制氨过程的工艺特点，从降低合成气中CH4含量的角度出发，对降低合成氨生产能耗与成本的途途进行深入分析。在此基础上，提出了PSA与化学法的组合净化工艺，对应用组合净化工艺进行合成氨装置扩能改造的可能性和新型合成氨工艺的技术经济效果进行了初步探讨。     

纳滤技术浓缩分离1.6—二磷酸果糖氯化钠水溶液的研究

本文重点介绍了应用纳滤和超滤膜分离技术组合工艺净化，浓缩１．６－二磷酸果糖和与无机盐分离的情况，结果表明，该组合工艺对处理液可同时起到除盐和浓缩净化的作用。     

催化柴油加氢精制-临氢降凝组合工艺介绍

加氢精制-临氢降凝组合工艺是由FRIPP开发的一套较新工艺，可用于生产高质量的低凝柴油。本文从反应机理、工艺特点等方面对此工艺作一介绍。     

纳滤技术浓缩分离1．6－二磷酸果糖氯化钠水溶液的研究

本文重点介绍了应用纳德和超滤膜分离技术组合工艺净化、浓缩１．６－二磷酸果糖（ＦＤＰ）和与无机盐分离的情况，结果表明，该组合工艺对处理液可同时起到除盐和浓缩净化的作用。     

罗家寨净化厂净化工艺特点及操作建议

根据罗家寨净化厂脱硫单元的工艺设计，结合现有净化厂的脱硫工艺操作经验，对罗家寨净化厂原料气脱硫的工艺特点进行了较深入的分析，提出该特定净化工艺的操作建议。     

非等压醇烷化净化工艺简述

“非等压醇烷化净化工艺”是南京国昌化工科技有限公司吸取国内外经验和教训，成功开发的一种“合成氨原料醇烷化净化工艺”。该工艺实际是将目前多家合成氨企业成功运用的联醇工艺和甲烷化净化工艺有机结合在一起，使脱碳系统出口的CO和CO2与氢反应生成附加值较高的甲醇的同时，使合成新鲜气得以深度净化。该工艺有三部分组成：即中压联醇、高压甲醇、高压甲烷化。     

黄磷尾气净化脱硫模拟工艺试验

对黄磷尾气净化脱硫进行了模拟工艺试验。测定了黄磷尾气中硫化氢的含量。对吸收、吸附条件进行了试验研究 ,用两种工艺进行了组合 ,对组合工艺进行了比较。得出了最佳的黄磷尾气净化脱硫工艺     

净化气分离器的改造

我厂合成氨净化工艺装置，生产出的净化气需经水冷器冷却至30℃，再经净化气分离器脱除气体中所含水雾，然后送至压缩系统的3D22氢氮压缩机供合成氨生产。净化气分离器分高效果的好坏直接影响到后续工序能否安全、经济、稳定、长周期运行。历年来，因净化气分离器分离效果差，给生产、操作带来极大不便，特别是随着系统生产能力的提高，该设备分离不彻底致使气体带水，给后序工艺、设备带来许多问题。主要表现为：（l）净化气分离器气体出口带水，破坏氢氮压缩机润滑系统，导致压缩机拉缸烧瓦。（2）分离器底部不能建立液位，使玻璃液面计…     

天然气净化工艺综述

天然气净化工艺在20世纪得到了长足的发展。介绍了常用的几种天然气净化工艺；胺法、混合胺法、Benfield法、Sulfinol法工艺、低温甲醇洗工艺、膜分离技术和一些非常规的净化工艺，并说明各自工艺的特点和应用情况，最后指出了天然气净化工艺的发展趋势并提出了建议。     

氢能利用与碳质材料吸附储氢技术

氢能作为一种洁净的可再生能源,对整个世界经济的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。碳质材料具有比表面积高,吸/脱附速度快,可循环使用,寿命长,容易实现规模化生产等优点,可显著促进低成本、规模化储氢技术的发展,对未来的能源、交通、环保而言具有非常重要的意义。综述了氢能开发利用的最新研究动态,展望了氢能利用和储存的发展趋势,在简要介绍氢能的制备方法、储氢材料和储氢技术的基础上,重点介绍了碳质材料吸附储氢技术。     

Adsorption of Off‐Gases from Steam Methane Reforming (H2, CO2, CH4, CO and N2) on Activated Carbon

Abstract

Hydrogen is the energy carrier of the future and could be employed in stationary sources for energy production. Commercial sources of hydrogen are actually operating employing the steam reforming of hydrocarbons, normally methane. Separation of hydrogen from other gases is performed by Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) units where recovery of high‐purity hydrogen does not exceed 80%.

In this work we report adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of five pure gases present in off‐gases from steam reforming of methane for hydrogen production (H₂, CO₂, CH₄, CO and N₂). Adsorption equilibrium data were collected in activated carbon at 303, 323, and 343 K between 0‐22 bar and was fitted to a Virial isotherm model. Carbon dioxide is the most adsorbed gas followed by methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen. This adsorbent is suitable for selective removal of CO₂ and CH₄. Diffusion of all the gases studied was controlled by micropore resistances. Binary (H₂‐CO₂) and ternary (H₂‐CO₂‐CH₄) breakthrough curves are also reported to describe the behavior of the mixtures in a fixed‐bed column. With the data reported it is possible to completely design a PSA unit for hydrogen purification from steam reforming natural gas in a wide range of pressures.     

Effect of piezoelectric material on hydrogen adsorption

In hydrogen storage applications, the primary issue for physisorption of hydrogen onto solid-state materials is the weak interaction force between hydrogen molecules and the adsorbents. It is found that enhanced adsorption can be obtained under an external electric field, because it appears the electric field increases the hydrogen adsorption energy. Experiments were carried out to determine hydrogen adsorption on activated carbon using the piezoelectric material PMN-PT as the charge supplier under hydrogen pressure. Results indicate that more than 20% hydrogen adsorption enhancement was obtained. Parameters related to hydrogen adsorption enhancement include the amount of the charge and temperature. Higher voltage and lower temperature promote the increase of adsorption capacity but room temperature results are very encouraging.     

水合物法分离H2+CH4体系的模拟计算

This paper presents two novel conceptions in multi-stage hydrate separation technology for H2 CH4 system, i.e. the multi-stage equilibria adsorption and the reaction adsorption. It is assumed that there already exists clathrate structure before the hydration reaction, and the hydration reaction is taken as gaseous adsorption in the crystal structure of hydrate. During the simulation of multi-stage equilibria adsorption, gases and water interact on every equilibrium stage till establishing full equilibria, wherein the gases that just entered one stage are in equilibrium with the liquid phase of the previous stage, and the water that just entered one stage is in equilibrium with the gas phase of the previous stage as well. A kinetic model of hydrate growth for methane is introduced into the reaction adsorption so that this simulation is closer to the reality. As hydrogen doesn‘t react with water to form hydrate, the amount of hydrogen adsorption is calculated according to the proportion of methane and hydrogen adsorbed in the small cavities. Simultaneously, the plate column is employed as an example, where the gas-hydrate phase loads and hydrogen mole fraction are calculated by the multi-stage equilibria adsorption and reaction adsorption methods, and the results calculated by the two said methods are compared.     

Studies of carbon monoxide and hydrogen adsorption on nickel and cobalt foils aimed at gaining a better insight into the mechanism of hydrocarbon formation

Systematic studies of adsorption of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on polycrystalline surfaces of nickel and cobalt have been carried out. The aim of these studies was to gain a better insight into the catalyzed formation of hydrocarbons from H₂-CO mixtures. We have studied the adsorption of these gases by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) on nickel foils and powders. More recently, we have obtained desorption spectra of hydrogen adsorbed on cobalt foils and powders. In this work we described desorption spectra of carbon monoxide on cobalt foils. Carbon monoxide desorption from cobalt foils was studied in a similar way as prior work, using a mass spectrometric method in an ultra high vacuum system. Two carbon monoxide desorption peaks were observed. These two states correspond to molecular CO and presumably dissociated CO, as it is observed in the case of stepped surfaces of Ni and Co single crystals. An activation energy of around 4.0 kcal/mol is obtained for the molecular state while for the dissociated state the energy is coverage-dependent with a value between 8.0 and 15.0 kcal/mol. The carbon monoxide desorption peaks were fitted with near Gaussian curves which facilitates the analysis of the data to obtain activation energies for desorption. Kinetic parameters for carbon monoxide and hydrogen desorption from nickel and cobalt foils are provided and compared with already published data involving single crystals.     

Pt、Rh及Pt-Rh合金电极上氢的吸附

The hydrogen adsorption on Pt-Rh alloys in sulfuric acid aqueous solutions was studied by the method of cathode pulses. Hydrogen adsorption on the electrode with all ratio of alloy components (ωRh = 0-100%) is well described by the Temkin logarithmic isotherm. The surface coverage by adsorbed hydrogen at the same potential is decreased with increasing content of rhodium in the system. A linear dependence of adsorption peak potential on the alloy compositions in the case of weakly bonded adsorbed hydrogen is established. Hydrogen adsorption heat as a function of surface coverage for Pt-Rh-electrodes was obtained. The shape of the current-potential curve and position of the weakly bonded hydrogen adsorption on the potential scale are all related to alloy compositions, thus can serve as the basis for the determination surface composition of allovs.     

氢分子在不同微孔碳吸附剂上的吸附行为

文章基于从格子理论导出的通用吸附等温方程分析氢在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和AX-21活性炭上的平衡吸附数据。通过吸附平衡态中吸附质分子的能量分析,确定氢分子受到的壁面作用势和在吸附表面的最大聚集密度,并由通用吸附等温方程的线性标绘确定平衡态中氢分子间的作用能。结果表明,吸附氢分子间的作用能随氢分子表面聚集密度线性变化,但由于氢分子在二吸附剂吸附空间受到不同强度的壁面吸附势,氢分子在二吸附剂上具有不同的吸附行为。     

Polyaniline encapsulated microporous polymer beads and their vapor and gas adsorption behavior

Styrene‐maleic acid copolymer beads and styrene‐divinylbenzene beads were encapsulated with polyaniline by insitu oxidative polymerization of aniline. These beads both in unmodified and encapsulated forms were studied for their organic vapor and hydrogen adsorption behavior at 30°C and reduced pressure. Enhanced adsorption of hydrogen to the extent of 4.9 mass % was observed for encapsulated styrene‐maleic acid copolymer beads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 297–303, 2007     

碳纳米管储氢性能的研究进展

介绍了单壁碳纳米管和多壁碳纳米管对氢气的吸附实验和模拟计算研究进展;综述了该领域的最新研究成果;讨论了碳纳米管储氢性能的可行性和应用前景。     

变压吸附─低温分离联合法制氢技术的应用

介绍了采用变压吸附─低温分离联合法从合成氨弛放气制取氢气的工艺流程及特点，制得氢气纯度＞99．9％，回收率可提高到95％以上，纯氢产量约为313、8m3／h。