电化学手性识别材料的研究与应用

手性是指物质分子互成镜像但无法重合的性质,手性对映体在生物体内因不同的手性识别而呈现截然不同的作用,所以手性识别在生命科学、医药、食品及材料等领域均具有十分重要的科学意义。手性电化学传感器由于具有制备简单、检测快速和响应灵敏等优点而引起广泛的关注。手性识别材料是构建手性电化学传感器的基础,因此有关手性识别材料的研究在手性电化学检测中尤为重要。综述了近五年手性电化学传感器的研究进展,详细介绍了多种手性识别材料的具体应用,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望,旨在为今后手性电化学传感器的设计提供参考。     

金纳米复合材料的光电化学传感器及其应用

光电化学(photoelectrochemical,PEC)传感器以光作为激发信号,通过电化学、生物识别等手段可定量分析待测物与光电流之间的关系。金纳米复合材料构建的传感体系相比于单独材料,因其优良的导电性和局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)性,光电转换效率和光响应明显提高。总结了光电化学传感器的机理和应用,综述了以金纳米复合材料构建的传感体系及其光电响应分析与应用。     

脱氧核酶电化学生物传感器高灵敏测定铅离子

基于铅离子脱氧核酶对铅离子的特异性识别作用,研制了用于测定铅离子的高灵敏电化学生物传感器。该传感器以固定于电极表面、末端标记了电信号基团的脱氧核酶作为识别元素和信号探针。当传感界面与含有铅离子的溶液接触时,脱氧核酶的酶链在铅离子的辅助作用下将修饰了电信号基团的底物链切断并使其脱离电极表面,从而使电极表面电信号分子的电流减小,产生用于铅离子定量检测的电信号。在0.5~12.5μg/L的浓度范围内,检测信号与Pb~(2+)浓度呈良好的线性关系,Pb~(2+)的检出限为0.3μg/L。同时,该电化学生物传感器对Pb~(2+)的检测表现出良好的特异性和选择性。     

氯霉素电化学传感器检测技术的研究进展

氯霉素(CAP)是一种典型的广谱抗生素，然而其不恰当的使用对人体健康和环境安全产生显著的有害影响。电化学传感器对检测食品与环境等样品中的氯霉素残留具有重要的意义。近年来，基于碳材料、金属复合材料、金属化合物复合材料、导电聚合物和金属有机骨架(MOFs)等纳米材料已成功地用于氯霉素抗生素检测的传感材料。通过对比基于这些新型纳米材料的氯霉素电化学传感器的特征及适用范围，为氯霉素分析选择检测方法及开发更高效的检测技术提供参考。最后，总结了氯霉素电化学传感器技术目前存在的问题并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

基于纳米复合材料的光电化学传感器的制备

针对传统C₃N₄半导体材料光催化活性和吸收系数都较低的问题，提出用纳米Ag进行改性，并以改性后的Ag-C₃N₄复合材料为检测基底，制备光电化学传感器，进而分析制备的光电传感器性能。结果表明:掺入Ag后，C₃N₄半导体材料光催化活性和吸收系数都有所提高;传感器最佳配方:Ag质量分数为3%，偏压0.5 V，四环素适配体浓度1μmol/L，传感器检测限为3.35 nmol/L。表现出良好的稳定性和选择性，能够用于四环素（TET）的定量检测。     

硒化锌修饰碳糊电极及对对氨基酚的检测

通过对纳米材料硒化锌(ZnSe)的处理,使其修饰碳糊电极(CPE)构建光电化学传感器。对实验条件优化后的结果表明,该传感器对对氨基酚(4-AP)具有良好的检测效果,在浓度5.0×10-5～1.0×10-8mol/L范围内与光电响应成一定的线性关系,为光电传感的进一步发展提供一个新方向。     

光电化学传感器的构建应用技术

光电化学分析是一种在光照射条件下,电极、光电材料和被分析物之间电荷转移发展的重要检测技术,其基于光电转换和电化学两个过程,结合被分析物产生的光电压或者光电流变化,构建被分析物和光电响应变化之间的定量关系,构建出光电化学传感器,用于环境、生物等方面的分析研究。简要介绍了光电化学传感器,分析了光电化学传感器的构建应用技术。     

基于纳米银制备重金属离子电化学传感器

在硝酸银(AgNO_3)溶液中,采用电化学沉积法制备纳米银。通过循环伏安法(CV)和阻抗谱(EIS)对其电化学性能表征。最后利用合成的物质制备重金属离子电化学传感器,实现了对铅离子[Pb(Ⅱ)]和铜离子[Cu(Ⅱ)]的检测,其检测限分别为0.13μmol·L~(-1)和0.21μmol·L~(-1),结果表明纳米银可作为制备电化学重金属离子传感器材料之一。     

光电化学传感器研究进展

光电化学(Photoelectrochemical,PEC)生物传感,是一种结合了光电化学分析技术及生物传感技术而发展的新型检测方法。它具备许多独特的优点。因此,光电传感器在分析化学领域占据重要的地位,将具备优越的分析性能用于多种待测物的定量分析。本文对光电化学传感器的发展现状,检测原理,发展趋势进行了论述。     

LiFePO4改性电极同时测定抗坏血酸、多巴胺和尿酸

将磷酸铁锂(LiFePO_4,LFP)与石墨(G)混合后用于改性普通玻碳电极(GCE),制备出一种新型电化学传感器(LFP-G/GCE),利用锂离子的脱嵌加速电子转移,实现同时检测抗坏血酸(AA)、多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)。通过循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了LFP-G/GCE对AA、DA和UA的电化学行为。此外,LFP-G/GCE可用于检测人血清中的UA,计算出人血清中UA的初始浓度为375μM。AA和DA的回收率也令人满意。因此LFP材料的应用可以扩展到电化学传感领域。     

Amperometric determination of thiourea in alkaline media on a copper oxide–copper electrode

A copper oxide–copper electrode was tested in alkaline media for the anodic electrochemical detection of thiourea (TU). The correlation between the history of the electrode and potential range for optimum sensing of the particular susceptible species was analysed by electrochemical and surface layer techniques. The chemical composition and morphology of surface layers were examined using the SEM/EDX technique. Electrochemical data were obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The linear calibration plots for an amperometric detection of TU in a delimited potential range, using CV and CA, were obtained for the 1–8 mM concentration range. Some considerations on the correlation between TU, electrode formation and polarization conditions are proposed. A copper oxide–copper electrode can be used as an inexpensive alternative for amperometric determination of TU in alkaline media without fouling the electrode surface.     

Review on carbon-derived,solid-state,micro and nano sensors for electrochemical sensing applications

The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant contributions in the development of electrochemical sensors based on carbon materials in the recent years. There have been increasing numbers of reports on the first application of carbon derived materials for the preparation of an electrochemical sensor. These include carbon nanotubes, diamond like carbon films and diamond film-based sensors demonstrating that the particular structure of these carbon material and their unique properties make them a very attractive material for the design of electrochemical biosensors and gas sensors.Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have become one of the most extensively studied nanostructures because of their unique properties. CNT can enhance the electrochemical reactivity of important biomolecules and can promote the electron-transfer reactions of proteins (including those where the redox center is embedded deep within the glycoprotein shell). In addition to enhanced electrochemical reactivity, CNT-modified electrodes have been shown useful to be coated with biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids) and to alleviate surface fouling effects (such as those involved in the NADH oxidation process). The remarkable sensitivity of CNT conductivity with the surface adsorbates permits the use of CNT as highly sensitive nanoscale sensors. These properties make CNT extremely attractive for a wide range of electrochemical sensors ranging from amperometric enzyme electrodes to DNA hybridization biosensors. Recently, a CNT sensor based fast diagnosis method using non-treated blood assay has been developed for specific detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (human liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis B virus). The linear detection limits for HBV plasma is in the range 0.5–3.0 µL^? 1 and for anti-HBVs 0.035–0.242 mg/mL in a 0.1 M NH₄H₂PO₄ electrolyte solution. These detection limits enables early detection of HBV infection in suspected serum samples. Therefore, non-treated blood serum can be directly applied for real-time sensitive detection in medical diagnosis as well as in direct in vivo monitoring.Synthetic diamond has been recognized as an extremely attractive material for both (bio-) chemical sensing and as an interface to biological systems. Synthetic diamond have outstanding electrochemical properties, superior chemical inertness and biocompatibility. Recent advances in the synthesis of highly conducting nanocrystalline-diamond thin films and nano wires have lead to an entirely new class of electrochemical biosensors and bio-inorganic interfaces. In addition, it also combines with development of new chemical approaches to covalently attach biomolecules on the diamond surface also contributed to the advancement of diamond-based biosensors. The feasibility of a capacitive field-effect EDIS (electrolyte-diamond-insulator-semiconductor) platform for multi-parameter sensing is demonstrated with an O-terminated nanocrystalline-diamond (NCD) film as transducer material for the detection of pH and penicillin concentration. This has also been extended for the label-free electrical monitoring of adsorption and binding of charged macromolecules. One more recent study demonstrated a novel bio-sensing platform, which is introduced by combination of a) geometrically controlled DNA bonding using vertically aligned diamond nano-wires and b) the superior electrochemical sensing properties of diamond as transducer material. Diamond nano-wires can be a new approach towards next generation electrochemical gene sensor platforms.This review highlights the advantages of these carbon materials to promote different electron transfer reactions specially those related to biomolecules. Different strategies have been applied for constructing carbon material-based electrochemical sensors, their analytical performance and future prospects are discussed.     

基于Pt-HNTs-GE纳米复合材料电化学传感器构置研究

不同纳米及其复合材料构置的电化学传感器以其突出的分析性能,受到研究者越来越多的关注。以埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)和石墨烯(GE)为载体,采用层层组装的方法,构置了以Pt/GE/HNTs纳米复合材料为基础的,无酶电化学传感器,对其电催化行为进行了探讨,创建了葡萄糖测定的电分析新方法。研究表明,对葡萄糖的催化氧化峰电位为0.35 V,峰电流与葡萄糖浓度在3.0×10~(-7)～5.7×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)时线性关系良好,检出限:1.0×10~(-7) mol·L~(-1) (S/N=3);具有更宽的线性范围和更低的检出限。     

食品中黄曲霉毒素的电化学检测及应用前景

电化学生物传感器是由生物材料作为敏感元件,电极作为转换元件,以电流或电势为特征检测信号的传感器。作为一种快速、经济、灵敏、操作简单的检测工具,能广泛应用于医疗、食品分析、环境监测等领域。本文介绍了基于DNA损伤机理检测黄曲霉毒素的电化学方法,利用DNA损伤机理,构建一种灵敏、简便的电化学传感器,并应用于食品中黄曲霉毒素的检测。与常用的检测分析方法相比,具有检测快速、灵敏、测试费用低等优点,并对其前景进行了展望。     

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Decorated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel High-Performance Biomimetic Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Paracetamol Detection

Design and development of new generation smart sensors for medical applications have gained considerable interest of research community in the recent past. In this work, we propose the fabrication of highly sensitive paracetamol sensors-based iron oxide nanoparticles intercalated with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) (GCN) via insitu chemical synthesis. Structural features of the composites were analyzed through SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques. Presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in GCN, significantly improved the conductivity bare GCN from 16 to 125 S cm^?1 due to extended π–π conjugation and large surface area in the composite system. The GCN-Iron oxide (GCN-FO) nanocomposite has been employed as an electrochemical sensing platform for non-enzymatic detection of paracetamol. The electrochemical studies and cyclic voltammetry (CV) results shows that the GCN-FO composite exhibit superior electrochemical properties due to their lower values of the oxidation and reduction potentials. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies indicate decreased charge-transfer resistance for iron oxide doped GCN composite in compare to base GCN. The improved electrochemical sensing performance of modified GCN-FO composite electrode is attributed to the formation heterojunctions between iron oxide nanoparticles and GCN. The modified GCN-FO electrodes were employed for non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of PR. The GCN-FO composite electrode shows excellent sensitivity towards PR with a LOD 0.3 μM. Furthermore, the modified GCN-FO electrodes show excellent reproducibility, selectivity, stability and anti-interference performance. Due to its low-cost fabrication, superior electrochemical sensing performance, these modified GCN-FO electrodes could be a promising material for the detection of paracetamol at low concentrations.

     

不同模式多功能柔性传感器研究进展

柔性传感器能够实现压力、应变、温度、湿度及气体等与人体健康相关信号多功能识别及监测,在可穿戴人工智能设备的开发中展现出巨大的应用前景。本文综述了具有多种模式监测功能的柔性电化学式传感器领域最新研究成果,包括双模式传感器、三模式传感器和多模式传感器;重点介绍了传感器实现多功能监测的途径和传感机理。研究表明,多模式传感性的实现方法主要包括结构设计和多功能材料制备两种。而基于先进功能材料（包括纳米金属、纳米碳及导电聚合物）和柔性基体材料（如水凝胶、气凝胶及弹性聚合物）所制造的柔性多功能复合材料可有效降低多模式传感器的复杂性。最后,对比并指出了不同类型的功能材料在制造多功能柔性传感器中的特点与优势,为多功能柔性传感器的研究提供借鉴意义。     

工业废水电化学处理技术的进展及其发展方向

综述了工业废水电化学处理技术的进展和应用.介绍了电化学氧化、电化学还原、电絮凝、电气浮、电渗析等方法.阐述了电化学氧化技术目前没有工业化的主要原因是低的电流效率、高能耗和大的操作费用,如何提高传质特性、电流效率、开发用于废水处理的高效电解槽是亟待解决的问题.特别指出了未来工业废水电化学处理技术的发展方向是生物难降解废水处理用的阳极材料、电化学反应器、电化学组合技术、生物膜电化学反应器工艺.     

水滑石纳米材料特性及其在电化学生物传感器方面的应用

阐述了水滑石纳米材料结构和性能之间的关系及近年来水滑石纳米材料在电化学生物传感器方面应用的最新进展。重点介绍了水滑石纳米材料在吸附生物酶制备电化学传感器、水滑石纳米片固定生物酶制备电化学传感器、水滑石纳米片固定其它活性组分制备电化学传感器、水滑石自构筑电化学传感器等方面的应用。着重对水滑石纳米材料制备电化学传感器的机理和制备方法进行了系统概述。提出了水滑石纳米材料构筑电化学生物传感器应用研究的发展趋势：对水滑石纳米材料进行多层、多组分、微型化和阵列化等多样化设计,指出高选择性和高灵敏度检测是未来新型电化学生物传感器应用研究的主要发展方向。     

电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用

肿瘤是严重威胁人类健康的疾病之一,降低恶性肿瘤死亡率的主要途径是早期诊断和治疗,肿瘤标志物在肿瘤早期诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值。随着纳米技术的迅猛发展,基于纳米材料构建的电化学传感器可实现对肿瘤标志物的检测,且具有检测灵敏度高、选择性好等优点。本文重点综述了碳纳米材料、贵金属纳米材料、氧化物纳米材料、量子点纳米材料等新型纳米材料电化学免疫传感器的构建原理及其在甲胎蛋白、前列腺抗原、癌胚抗原等肿瘤标志物检测中的应用,分析总结了基于不同纳米材料构建的电化学传感器在各种肿瘤标志物检测中的优缺点,并展望了电化学传感器的发展趋势,提出未来电化学免疫传感器应以微型化、高通量化和商业化为研究重点,并实现对肿瘤标志物的快速、在线、实时检测。