聚合物／硅酸盐层状纳米复合材料

呈层状构造的硅酸盐，利用在其层间具有插入多种单体或聚合物的能力，可能开发新的聚合物／硅酸盐层状纳米复合材料，并且，由于细微调整硅酸盐的表面特性，在几种聚合物基体中，使硅酸盐纳米级分散成功了。所得的聚合物／硅酸盐（ＰＬＳ）层状纳米复合与同一硅酸盐体积比率比较时，与填充一般玻璃或无机矿物的聚合物相比有显著优异的性能。     

纳米插层复合材料制备及应用的研究进展

介绍了纳米插层复合材料的制备方法,并结合层状硅酸盐、聚合物／层状硅酸盐的结构特征,对插层复合的热力学和动力学进行了分析,最后,对纳米插层复合材料的应用前景作了展望。     

一种环氧/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料及其制备方法

本发明涉及一种纳米复合材料技术，具体为一种环氧树脂／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料及其制备方法。这种环氧树脂／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料由100份环氧树脂、0．001～10份脂肪胺、0．5～50份层状硅酸盐、10～100份固化剂组成。其制备过程为：①对层状硅酸盐进行插层处理；②将经插层处理的层状硅酸盐在搅拌条件下加入到环氧树脂中，在60～100℃反应10～60 min；③向含有插层处理的层状硅酸盐的环氧树脂中加入固化剂，在10～120℃固化5 min至7d。本发明可在常温下固化得到剥离型环氧树脂／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，所得纳米复合材料中解离的蒙脱土片层分散更均匀，充分发挥增强基体的作用。     

聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料应用研究进展

笔者论述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐插层纳米复合材料的结构和特点，综述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的应用研究进展，评述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法和表征手段，展望了这种纳米复合材料的发展方向。     

聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展

介绍了聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展,阐述了其制备方法如原位聚合插层法、溶液插层法、熔融插层法等,详述了聚乳酸添加纳米层状硅酸盐后结构与性能的变化,包括复合材料的微观结构、结晶性能、热性能、力学性能、流变性能、加工性能、阻隔性能、阻燃性能的变化。研究表明,采用不同的制备方法如原位聚合插层法、溶液插层法、熔融插层法等能制得插层型、剥离型以及插层与剥离混合型聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料;添加纳米层状硅酸盐后,得到的聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料结晶速率提高,结晶度增加,说明层状硅酸盐起到了成核剂的作用;热稳定性、拉伸模量和冲击强度、阻透性能和阻燃性能都有不同程度提高;流变性能也得到改善。     

生物可降解聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

生物可降解聚乳酸是一种具有广泛应用前景的环境友好型的生物高分子材料,但是其力学性能、热稳定性能不稳定.利用层状硅酸盐的特殊结构,以各种有机改性的层状硅酸盐为添加物,通过原位插层聚合、溶液插层、熔融插层和剥离.吸附等方法制备生物可降解聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料,其力学性能、热稳定性、生物降解性等均有显著提高,其展现出极其广阔的应用前景.本文概述了近年来生物可降解聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备、结构、性能和应用等方面的研究进展,并且对各种制备方法进行了分析比较.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料

目前,聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料是重要的工程材料之一。由于层状硅酸盐的特殊结构,聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的各项性能得到较大改善。聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米材料的制备、表征、结构与性能的研究取得了重要进展。本文简要概述了聚合物／层状硅酸盐的结构及其有机改性机理,研究表明,插层剂和离子交换容量是插层的重要因素。最后,讨论了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法和性能。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐耐烧蚀纳米复合材料的研究进展

从层状硅酸盐的微观结构及其与聚合物插层时的热力学理论两方面概述了聚合物/层状硅酸盐(PLS)纳米复合材料制备的可行性及层状硅酸盐的修饰方法.介绍了纳米硅酸盐在聚合物熔体中的分散理论及达到纳米分散的关键技术.对该复合材料的微观结构、烧蚀机理及烧蚀性能表征测试方法进行了说明,并指出其在火箭发动机内绝热材料中的应用前景.附参考文献22篇.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备研究

本文以聚丙烯和有机蒙脱土为原料，采用插层复合法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，用透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行表征，测定了复合材料的力学性能，结果表明，用马来酸酐化聚丙烯作界面相容剂，聚丙烯大分子链分子插层进入到有机改性蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层中间，并且聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高。     

层状硅酸盐 /聚合物纳米复合材料的研究现状与前景

基于1996年以后的40余篇文献和作者的研究成果，综述了层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料在制备技术、新品种、新性能、相关理论及应用等方面的最新研究进展，并总结出了以下观点：（1）粘土的有机化是制备纳米复合材料的第一关键要素，单体、预聚体、聚合物熔体与有机土的相容性是制备纳米复合材料的必要条件，外界剪切力可提供帮助；（2）剥离型结构最能体现层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的性能优势，是层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方向；（3）聚合物熔体插层法为简单，是重要的发展方向，要形成剥离型结构，需要同时考虑热力学和动力学因素，基体或相容剂与层间环境的相容性要适中；（4）聚合物乳液共混共凝法有利于传统的制备方法，适合于具有乳液形成的聚合物；（5）在聚合物中原位生成硅酸盐片层的方法具有新意；（6）层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的主要特点是高刚性、高强度、高耐热性、高阻隔性、较好的阻燃性、质轻，目前，该的制备研究正向所有的聚合物品种扩展。汽车部件、包装材料将是层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料先应用的两大领域；（7）层状硅酸盐／聚合物纳米复合材料的理论研究进展延慢。界面区状态以及结构－性能间的关系是理论研究的两个主题。     

Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Aluminum-silicates

Abstract

The structure particular to layer aluminumsilicates is discussed permitting the intercalation of polymers. This process ultimately leads to nanocomposites that exhibit interesting properties. It will be shown that many improvements of physical properties can be achieved by polymer-clay nanocomposites.     

SBS/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其性能Ⅱ.复合材料的性能

分别采用大分子溶液插层法和大分子熔融插层法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（SBS）／蒙脱土纳米复合材料．研究了材料的力学性能。纳米结构的形成对复合材料的性能产生显著影响,少量蒙脱士的引入可以明显改善SBS／蒙脱土复合材料的力学性能。无论溶液插层法制备的星型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,还是熔融插层法制备的线型SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都同时增加。其中,溶液插层法制备的纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了75％和55％;熔融法制备的纳米复合材料的托伸强度和断裂伸长率分别较纯SBS增加了70％和18％。     

SBS/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其性能Ⅰ.复合材料的结构

分别采用大分子溶液插层法和大分子熔融插层法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS),蒙脱土纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对材料的结构进行了表征。结果表明,无论是采用大分子溶液插层法还是大分子熔融插层法,都能得到SBS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对于溶液插层法,蒙脱土插层剂的种类、SBS牌号对插层效果都有影响：对于熔融插层法,SBS牌号对是否形成插层型纳米复合材料影响最大,淬火对熔融挤出后得到的纳米复合材料无益。星形结构的SBS适宜于采用溶液插层法、线形结构的SBS适宜于采用熔融插层法制备纳米复合材料。     

Preparation,characterization, and properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/organophilic‐montmorillonite nanocomposites

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/organophilic‐montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by direct melt intercalation. PVC/compatibilizer ((vinyl acetate) copolymer (VAc))/OMMT nanocomposites were also prepared by melt intercalation by a masterbatch process. The effect of OMMT content on the nanostructures and properties of nanocomposites was studied. The nanostructures were studied by wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The linear viscoelastic properties and dynamic mechanical properties of PVC/OMMT nanocomposites were also investigated by an advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES) rheometer. The results showed that partially exfoliated and partially intercalated structures coexisted in the PVC/OMMT and PVC/VAc/OMMT nanocomposites. The mechanical properties test results indicated that the notched Charpy impact strengths of nanocomposites were improved compared to that of pristine PVC and had a maximum value at 1 phr OMMT loadings. The compatibilizer could further improve the impact strengths. But the existence of OMMT decreased the thermal stability of PVC/OMMT and PVC/VAc/OMMT nanocomposites. The linear viscoelastic properties test results indicated the dependence of G′ and G″ on ω shows nonterminal behaviors, and they had better processibility compared with pristine PVC. However, the glass transition temperatures of PVC/OMMT nanocomposites almost had little change compared to that of pristine PVC. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:55–64, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

固相法制备有机黏土改性聚丙烯

采用固相法对黏土进行有机化插层改性,制备出有机黏土;通过熔融插层法制备聚丙烯/有机黏土纳米复合材料。X射线衍射分析表明,固相法改性黏土可以与聚丙烯形成纳米复合材料。利用DSC研究了纳米复合材料的结晶和熔融过程,结果表明:聚丙烯/有机黏土纳米复合材料的结晶温度提高,熔融过程、熔点及结晶度没有明显变化。力学性能测试结果表明:有机黏土含量在3%～5%范围内,纳米复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

橡胶／粘土插层纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了橡胶／粘土插层纳米复合材料的制备方法及性能特征。重点介绍了溶液插层法、乳液插层法和熔体插层法及相关研究进展。评价了各种制备技术的优缺点,提出了橡胶／粘土插层纳米复合材料的发展趋势。     

Development of EVOH-kaolinite nanocomposites

This paper reports on a novel route to develop EVOH-kaolinite nanocomposites by a melt intercalation process and on some relevant nanocomposite properties as a function of composition. The kaolinite clay used is a very cheap raw material of the tile industry and as such needed to be refined and chemically modified prior to the melt intercalation step. The modification was carried out with dimethyl-sulfoxide, methanol and octadecylamine in order to increase the basal plane distance of the original clay by a factor of more than three. Melt blended nanocomposites were characterized by WAXS, TEM, DSC, TGA and oxygen transmission rate. From the early results, partial exfoliation and intercalation of the clay platelets was the dominant morphology attained. An increase in thermal resistance, glass transition temperature, crystallinity and barrier properties to oxygen were also observed for mass clay loadings below 8%.     

Continuous process for melt intercalation of PP–clay nanocomposites with aid of power ultrasound

A continuous ultrasound‐assisted process using a single screw extruder with an ultrasonic attachment was developed to prepare PP/clay nanocomposites of varying clay concentrations. The feed rate that controlled the residence time of the polymer in the ultrasonic treatment zone was varied. Die pressure and power consumption were measured. Rheological properties, morphology, and mechanical properties of the untreated and ultrasonically treated nanocomposites were studied. An intercalation of polymer molecules into clay galleries and a partial exfoliation, which occur at short residence times (of the order of seconds), were observed as evident from measurements by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results indicate a possibility of the rapid intercalation and partial exfoliation of PP/clay nanocomposites without the matrix being chemically modified. J. VINYL. ADDIT. TECHNOL. 12:78–82, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

原位乳液插层法制备丁腈橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

结合乳液插层蒙脱土的特点，利用原位插层制备了丁腈橡胶（NBR）／改性蒙脱土（HOMMT）纳米复合材料。通过X-射线衍射（XRD）及透射电镜（TEM）证实和分析了蒙脱土的纳米分散相结构。物理性能的研究表明，所制备的复合材料体现了纳米材料的一些特点，填充少量蒙脱土，复合材料的物理机械性能即达到一个较高的水平。     

Preparation and Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/Organoclay/Compatibilizer Nanocomposites: Effects of Organoclay Loading and Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/organoclay/compatibilizer nanocomposites were produced using a melt compounding technique in an internal mixer, Haake Rheometer, at 120°C and 50 rpm rotor speed. Effects of organoclay loading (from 2 to 10 phr—parts per hundred of resin and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), used as a compatibilizer, on the processing properties, tensile properties, morphology, thermal degradation, and water absorption behavior of EVA/organoclay nanocomposites were studied. Results indicate that the presence of organoclay increase the processing torque, tensile properties, thermal degradation, and resistance to water absorption. The optimum organoclay loading was achieved at 2 phr. This was caused by the dispersion state of individual silicate layers (intercalation/exfoliation) in EVA matrix. The intercalation/exfoliation structure affects the properties of EVA/organoclay nanocomposites as evidenced from the morphology studies such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluation. The addition of MEK has the ability to improve the tensile properties, thermal degradation, and slightly reduces the resistance of water permeation of EVA/organoclay nanocomposites. The enhanced properties were seen as a result of the better matrix and filler interaction. The EVA/organoclay/MEK nanocomposites shows better intercalation/exfoliation of individual silicate layers in the EVA matrix as indicated by TEM. Moreover, the XRD evaluation shows that intercalation/exfoliation of the organoclay was formed in the EVA matrix.