纳米碳酸钙四大纳米效应应用表现

介绍了纳米碳酸钙四大纳米效应：量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应，及其在应用过程中表现出与普通轻质碳酸钙所不同的、反常的物理化学特性。对进一步拓展纳米碳酸钙的应用领域、不断优化其生产工艺参数、突出其纳米特性、提升产品品质等都具有一定的指导意义。     

纳米陶瓷材料

综述了纳米陶瓷材料的发展状况，介绍了纳米粉体的制备、团聚、烧结行为和烧结初期动力学模型。分析讨论了纳米陶瓷材料的显微结构、力学性质、增韧、增强机理，并对其发展态势进行了展望。     

纳米氧化铝

1理化性能 氧化铝（Al2O3）产品密度小、透明、结构软、印刷性能良好，具有高硬度、高强度、耐热、耐腐蚀等一系列优异特性。超细Al2O3粉体，由于其纯度高、颗粒细小均匀且分散性好，易与添加剂混合均匀，因而具有较好的透明性。纳米氧化铝是一种尺寸为1～100nm的超微颗粒，比普通氧化铝有着更为优异的物理化学特性。具有强的体积效应、量子尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应。     

纳米磁性材料

介绍了纳米微粒在巨磁电阻材料、新型磁性致冷液体和磁记录材料、纳米微晶软磁材料、纳米微晶稀土材料、纳米磁致冷工质和纳米巨磁阻材料等领域的应用。     

纳米复合材料

主要介绍纳米复合材料的性能、制备方法以及实际应用的领域和市场前景     

纳米纤维素及其聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

纳米纤维素（nanocellulose,NC）是一种具有优异力学性能、质轻、高比表面积、可再生、可生物降解等特性的新型纳米材料,纳米纤维素与聚合物结合得到的复合材料被视为新一代生物质基纳米复合材料。文章首先概述了微纤化纤维素（MFC）、纳米纤维素晶体（NCC）和细菌纳米纤维素（BC）3种主要纳米纤维素的特性及其主要的制备方法,并对其制备过程中存在的问题进行分析。其次,文章简述了纳米纤维素在亲水性聚合物（淀粉、聚乙烯醇、水性聚氨酯等）和非亲水性聚合物（聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚羟基烷酸酯和环氧树脂等）纳米复合材料方面的研究进展。最后,指出纳米纤维素在绿色工业化生产过程中还需解决生产成本、分离技术、能耗和环境污染等问题。此外,提高纳米纤维素与聚合物之间的界面相容性,开发以纳米纤维素为主体成分的新型纳米复合材料是今后发展的一个重要方向。     

纳米信息

贵州推出纳米复合添加剂 一种添加到其它材料中、纳米粒子可均匀分散、并能保持稳定的复合添加剂,最近由贵州省纳米材料工程中心研制成功。 这种由纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化镁和纳米二氧化钛等多种纳米无机粉体材料制成的添加剂,进行添加时,不仅无需企业改变现有的生产设备和生产工艺,生产参数也无需改变,就可直接添加。     

纳米抗菌材料

纳米级氧化锌等粉体具有抗菌、杀菌、除味、防腐等功能。青岛化工学院纳米材料研究所开发出了纳米抗菌功能材料 ,并与海尔集团公司开发出纳米多功能抗菌塑料 ,对大肠杆菌等多种常见细菌均有抗杀作用 ,可广泛用于制造家电、医疗、办公、卫生洁具等塑料部件。另外 ,纳米抗菌功能材料也可以用在毛巾、枕巾、内衣裤等纺织品上 ,并建立了“喜盈门———青岛化工学院纳米材料纺织品应用基地”。此外 ,纳米抗菌材料还可用于防晒化妆品、高级船用涂料、高档汽车面漆等。纳米抗菌材料     

纳米复合涂料

201202064具有良好耐热性、附着力及硬度的高密度纳米涂料组合物:KR2011-89835[韩国专利公开]/韩国:Lee,JaeHwan.2011.08.09.-12页.-6927613(2011.07.13);IPCC09D1/00题述涂料组合物含0.01～6份的纳米材料。该纳米材料选自石墨、石墨氧化物、富勒烯、碳纳米管、氮化硼纳米管、氧化镍纳米管、氧化钨纳米管、氧化铜-氧化钨纳米     

纳米氧化锌

纳米氧化锌是一种白色或微带黄色的细微粉末，易分散在橡胶和乳胶中，是天然橡胶、合成橡胶的补强剂、活性剂及硫化剂，也是白色胶料的着色剂和填充剂。胶料中加入活性氧化锌后，能使橡胶具有良好的耐磨性、耐撕裂性和弹性。     

2004～2005年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2004年7月-2005年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2004年～2005年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界几大区域塑料的产量、增长率及所占份额；美国、德国、日本、韩国、法国、比利时、印度、西班牙、中国台湾、加拿大、巴西、英国等国家和地区的不同树脂的产量及消费量；各国、各地区塑料原料的产量、进出口量、国内消费量和人均消费量；日本塑料原料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮、聚砜）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells,Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond

Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC₄, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.     

松香基表面活性剂研究进展

松香是一类产量丰富、价格低廉的可再生林产资源,被广泛地应用于食品、农业、橡胶、油墨、涂料等领域。松香的三环二萜结构具有超强的疏水性,通过催化异构、Diels-Alder加成等手段引入亲水基团可制备高附加值、易生物降解的绿色表面活性剂。本文从阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性离子表面活性剂4个大类对松香基表面活性剂应用的文献及专利进行综述,重点分析了羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐4种阴离子型表面活性剂和季铵盐阳离子型表面活性剂,多元醇型和聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂,以及甜菜碱型和氧化胺型两性离子表面活性剂。剖析松香基表面活性剂产业化开发的新技术及新产品概况,提出松香基表面活性剂替代传统表面活性剂的潜在应用领域。同时,对松香基表面活性剂的研究发展与产业化发展进行了评价与展望。     

静电纺丝/静电喷雾技术在电池领域的应用进展

在制备纳米材料的各种方法中,静电纺丝和静电喷雾技术在过去数十年中开辟了低成本、简便、高效和可连续的纳米纤维制造技术路线,引起了科研工作者的广泛关注。本文介绍了静电纺丝和静电喷雾技术的基本原理、影响参数及种类（溶液静电纺丝、熔融静电纺丝、气流静电纺丝、乳液静电纺丝、同轴静电纺丝、多喷嘴静电纺丝和无针静电纺丝）,并阐明了不同静电纺丝技术种类的原理及特点。文章进一步着重介绍了静电纺丝和静电喷雾技术的优势及其在电池领域的前沿应用,特别是在锂离子电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池及超级电容器的应用,最后展望了静电纺丝和静电喷雾先进制造技术面临的挑战和发展前景。     

小尺度木素颗粒的制备及其应用研究进展

小尺度木素颗粒作为木素高值化利用的新产物，由于其无毒、耐腐蚀、抗菌和抗氧化等优异的物理化学特性和潜在的应用价值，引起了科研工作者的关注。本文介绍了小尺度木素颗粒的制备工艺（自组装法、反溶剂法、界面聚合/交联法、高剪切均质法、超声波法、超声喷雾冷冻法、微生物法和酶解法等），阐明了利用不同木素原料、不同方法制备小尺度木素颗粒的制备原理、制备条件以及产品特性。进一步对小尺度木素颗粒的主要制备工艺参数、物理化学特性及其粒径的主要表征手段进行了总结与比较。随后对其在紫外线防护、复合材料和药物运输载体方面的应用研究进展进行介绍。最后对其在现阶段存在的主要问题以及未来的发展方向进行简明分析，以期为木素在纳米材料科学技术领域的研究与开发提供借鉴。     

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol

The article underlines and discusses the state-of-the-art accomplishments in the catalytic conversion of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) to fuels and value-added chemicals in the past five years (2008–2012). The reactions include steam reforming, aqueous-phase reforming, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, dehydration, esterification, etherification, carboxylation, acetalization, and chlorination. Typical products are hydrogen, propanediols, dihydroxyacetone, glyceric acid, acrolein, glyceride, polyglycerol, glycerol carbonate, acetals, ketals, and epichlorohydrine. Recent studies on the catalysts, reaction conditions, and possible pathways are primarily discussed. They indicate that major breakthroughs are achieved by the use of multifunctional catalysts, process intensification and integrated reactions. Literature survey suggests that future work on the catalytic conversion of glycerol for commercial goals particularly requires new catalysts, innovative reactor engineering, and close multidisciplinary partnership.     

加快推进绿色生物制造 助力实现“碳中和”

首先分别从全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革战略、我国化工制造模式变革、实现“碳中和”、实现农业工业化的角度,阐述了绿色生物制造的涵义与意义;其次,对我国生物制造产业发展现状、战略需求进行了分析,文章指出我国生物制造产业虽然起步较晚,但近年来发展迅速,在生物发酵、生物基产品和生物质能等领域形成了一定基础,但是核心层仍然存在短板,表现为关键核心技术和前瞻技术储备不足、核心装备研发落后、市场化程度低、竞争力不足;最后,文章对未来生物制造发展的重点方向与路径提出了相关建议,具体包括推进原料体系多元化战略、建立先进生物制造技术体系。文章指出加快从基因组到工业合成技术、装备突破,支撑生物基化学品、生物基材料、生物能源等重大产品的绿色生产,以生物制造推动“农业工业化、工业绿色化、产业国际化”,对于我国走新型工业化道路,实现财富绿色增长和社会经济可持续发展具有重大战略意义。     

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Preservation Method on Functionality of Soy Protein

The effects of extraction temperature and preservation method on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined. Four extraction temperatures (25, 40, 60, and 80 °C) were used to produce SPI and yields of solids and protein contents were determined. Three preservation methods were also tested (spray-drying, freeze-drying, and freezing–thawing) and compared to fresh (undried) samples for each extraction temperature. No differences in yields of solids and protein were observed among SPIs extracted at 25, 40, and 60 °C; however, SPI extracted at 80 °C yielded significantly less solids and protein. Extraction temperature significantly affected SPI functionality. As extraction temperature increased, solubility and emulsification capacity decreased; surface hydrophobicities, emulsification activities and stabilities, and dynamic viscosities increased; and foaming properties improved. Preservation method also significantly affected SPI functionality. Drying method did not affect the denaturation enthalpies of SPIs, but spray-dried SPIs had higher solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, and emulsification stabilities, and lower viscosities, emulsification activities and rates of foaming than freeze-dried SPI exhibited. Emulsification and foaming capacities and foaming stabilities were similar for both methods of drying. There was significant interaction between extraction temperature and preservation method for all functional properties except emulsification capacity.     

Role of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) carbohydrates in resistance to budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis)

The current year's growth of Douglas fir contains galactose, unusual in that this carbohydrate makes up 78.7% of the total carbohydrate fraction. An agar diet study was undertaken to determine the effects of galactose, other carbohydrates, and terpenes on western spruce budworm larval mortality, growth rate, and adult biomas production. All concentrations of the carbohydrates and terpenes tested, as well as other mineral elements not tested, were typical of the current year's foliage of Douglas fir. In experiment I, the diet containing 5.61% total carbohydrate did not significantly affect larval mortality when compared to the control diet. However, diets containing 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased larval mortality 64% and 96.1%, respectively, when compared to the control. Also in experiment I, terpenes alone (78.9% morality) and terpenes in combination with 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrates significantly increased larval mortality (97.2% and 100%, respectively) when compared to mortality on the control diet (44%). To determine which carbohydrate was causing the adverse effect, 6% glucose, 6% fructose, and 6% galactose were placed individually and in combination with terpenes in diets in experiment II. The 6% galactose diet significantly increased larval mortality and reduced growth rate when compared to the control, glucose, and fructose diets. Glucose resulted in 16% less larval mortality, significantly enhanced female larval growth rate and pupal weight, but did not affect male larval growth rate and pupal weight, when compared to the control. Fructose resulted in a significant decrease in larval mortality and a general trend of enhanced female and male larval growth rate and pupal weight. Larval mortality on terpenes alone was not significantly different from the control, but terpenes with 6% galactose increased larval mortality and decreased female and male growth rate and pupal weight significantly when compared to glucose-terpene and fructose-terpene diets. No significant interactions were found between carbohydrates and terpenes in either experiment.     

天然气常规组份分析方法的研究

着重研究了利用多柱与多阀协同完成对天然气中烃类与永久性气体的分离,并利用TCD检测器进行分析测试。本方法对天然气中甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、己烷、二氧化碳、氩(氧)和氮各组份进行分离检测,并对定量方法进行了研究。本方法精密度、准确度均能满足天然气常规组份的检测要求;并且操作简单、快捷。