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1.
催化超临界水氧化反应研究进展   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
超临界水氧化法(SCWO)是一种新兴的高效废物处理技术。催化SCWO是这一技术的重要发展方向。本文介绍了催化SCWO的特点,总结了其研究现状并讨论了此项技术的研究发展趋势。  相似文献   

2.
超临界化学反应研究的新进展   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
介绍了超临界化学反应的特点及其最新研究进展,包括超临界水氧化处理有机废物和废水、超临界CO2均相加氢、超临界反应条件下催化剂的失活、超临界CO2中的酶催化反应和超临界F-T合成等。  相似文献   

3.
矿物燃料在超临界水中的转化和改质   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
综述了近年来矿物燃料和烃的模型化合物在超临界水(SCW)作用下的转化和改质。用超临界水对诸如煤、重质油及油页岩等矿物燃料的转化和改质,可生产出轻质清洁的液体燃料,该法是轻质化矿物燃料非常有前途的方法。尤其应该引起注意的是,通过CO/H2O的水气转移反应可产生活性氢,用产生的氢对矿物燃料进行转化和改南,CO可由矿物燃料的部分氧化直接获得。有关超临界水中进行的水解反应、水气转移反应及部分氧化反应需进一  相似文献   

4.
国外动态     
国外动态超临界CO2应用于无机化学反应研究证明,分散在超临界CO2中的水可用作进行无机化学反应的环境,超临界CO2的应用范围可能扩大。超临界CO2对极性化合物和离子性化合物缺乏溶解性,故其应用受到限制。将水分散于超临界CO2流体中增大其极性,从而可提...  相似文献   

5.
超临界流体在化工环境保护中的应用   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
本文论述了超临界流体特别是超临界水在化工环境保护中的应用。分析了超临界流体的特性,介绍了国内外超临界流体降解废弃塑料的工艺和进展,以及超临界水氧化技术(SCWO)在废水和污泥处理中的广泛应用。指出超临界流体技术是环境友好化学的发展趋势,提出我国应大力加强该领域的研究。  相似文献   

6.
向波涛  王涛  沈忠耀 《化工学报》2000,51(Z1):190-193
研究了超临界水氧化法(SCWO)处理乙醇废水过程的反应路径和动力学。乙醇SCWO反应的最终产物为M氧化碳,一氧化碳是此过程的中间产物。以幂指数方程描述乙醇SCWO反应动力学,得到对于乙醇的反应级数为1,对氧气的反应级数为 0。求出活化能和指前因子分别为 3.51×105 J·mol-1和 7.74×1021s-1。方程计算值和实验值吻合较好,误差基本在10%以内。  相似文献   

7.
《化学工程》2003,31(1):39-39
超临界流体由于它具有溶解有机物效率高、分离效果好、氧化有机物完全、污染物降解彻底、热能可回收利用等突出的优点 ,近年来在环境工程方面的应用取得重大进展。例如 ,使用超临界水氧化 (SCWO)技术处理高浓度、难降解的有害废水、废液十分有效 ,同时超临界水氧化技术对于采用高温氧化或生化法无法降解的许多剧毒、有害液体废料也可进行有效的处理 ;用超临界萃取 (SFE)技术处理煤炭燃烧时释放出的大量的SO2 ,可以克服传统方法中对脱无机硫有效而对有机硫效果差的缺点 ;超临界萃取还有效地用于环境及污染物分析 ,这是利用超临界流…  相似文献   

8.
Al2O3/TiB2/SiCW陶瓷刀具加工镍基合金时的磨损机理研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
邓建新  艾兴 《硅酸盐学报》1997,25(2):192-197
研究了Al2O3/TiB2/SiCW陶瓷刀具加工Inconel718镍基合金时的切削性能和磨损机理。结果表明;在低速切削条件下,Al2O3/TiB2/SiCW和硬质合金刀具的抗后刀面磨损的能力相差不大;而在高速切削条件下,前者的抗后刀面磨能力远高于后者。  相似文献   

9.
向波涛  王涛  沈忠耀 《化工学报》2000,51(Z1):109-112
研究了以超临界水氧化法( SCWO)处理乙醇废水的过程。实验表明,一氧化碳和二氧化碳分别是反应中间产物和最终产物。550℃、25MPa、停留时间大于10s时,SCWO能将乙醇完全氧化为二氧化碳,达到彻底处理的目的。随停留时间增大、温度升高,乙醇的去除率增大,而压力和氧气浓度的变化对过程没有显著影响。  相似文献   

10.
ZnO·WO3悬浮水溶液中SO2的光催化氧化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本考察了ZnO·WO3悬浮水溶液中污染物SO2的可见光催化氧化并建议通空气处理较高浓度的SO^2-3水溶液。含0.15mol/L SO^2-3水溶液可见光照2h可将SO^2-3基本上光催化氧化成SO^2-4。对这光助SO^2-3自发氧化反应中可能平行存在的自发、多相催化、光化学和光催化等反应进行实验对比;筛选出克分子比0.5ZnO·W为最佳掺杂配比;考察了光催化剂热处理、空气流量、pH对子对0.  相似文献   

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12.
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.  相似文献   

13.
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.  相似文献   

14.
Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.  相似文献   

15.
A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by 1H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO2 coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N2 absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.  相似文献   

16.
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.  相似文献   

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