一种具有表面活性的双尾疏水缔合丙烯酰胺共聚物

文章以自制双尾疏水丙烯酰胺单体丙烯酰胺(N-苄基-N-辛基丙烯酰胺,N-benzyl-N-octylacrylamide,BOAM)和表面活性单体(辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯,OP-10-AC)与丙烯酰胺(acrylamide,AM)水溶液共聚合成新型疏水缔合共聚物(AM-Na A-OP10AC-BOAM)。实验结果表明,当聚合物浓度大600mg/L时,表观黏度迅速增加,表现出明显的缔合行为;共聚合物溶液具有良好的黏弹性和表面活性,SEM扫描电镜照片显示共聚物溶液中存在网状的缔合微观形貌特征。     

疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺驱油剂的合成与性能评价

针对聚丙烯酰胺的研究现状及其应用中存在的问题,研制出一种抗温、抗盐性能较强,具有一定增粘性能的新型疏水缔合水溶性聚合物。本文通过较为简易的酸醇直接酯化法合成了一种丙烯酸正辛酯,确定了最适宜的合成条件;将该疏水单体与丙烯酰胺采用胶束共聚法合成了一种新型疏水缔合水溶性聚合物,考察了聚合物浓度、盐及温度等对疏水缔合共聚物溶液表观粘度的影响,实验结果表明,合成的聚合物具有良好的耐温抗盐性能。     

聚丙烯酰胺疏水缔合衍生物研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺疏水缔合衍生物是一类重要的水溶性聚合物 ,由于疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的耐温耐盐抗剪切性能和贮存稳定性 ,使其在工业生产中得到日益广泛的应用。综述了疏水缔合衍生物的特殊性能、合成方法及工业应用     

三次采油用耐温抗盐聚合物的研究进展

概述三次采油用耐温抗盐聚合物的研究进展,特别是在超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺与耐温抗盐单体的共聚物、疏水缔合聚合物、新型结构的聚丙烯酰胺共聚物等几个热门领域上总结了较新的研究结果。     

水溶性疏水缔合聚合物单体的合成

水溶性疏水缔合聚合物含有大量的亲水基团和少量的疏水基团,疏水基团间的疏水缔合作用使这种聚合物具有独特的增粘、抗剪切、耐温和耐盐的溶液性能,通常采用亲水单体和疏水单体共聚制备这类聚合物。对常用亲水单体AMPS及各类疏水单体如季铵盐不饱和单体AMPDAC和DAMAB、长链丙烯酸酯,N-烷基丙烯酰胺和N-芳烷基丙烯酰胺的合成进行了综述。     

分散聚合法合成疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺衍生物

首次采用分散聚合方法合成疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺衍生物。在聚合前期(溶液聚合)得到高相对分子质量的聚合物,聚合后期(乳液聚合)生成的聚合物分散成胶束进行乳液聚合,进一步提高相对分子质量,得到稳定的微凝胶体系,且体系有很好的水溶性和成丝性。实验中研究了不同的单体物质的量配比、引发体系的用量和配比及分散剂的用量对聚合的影响。     

长链疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的合成及其溶液性能与室内驱油效果

通过超声辅助,长脂肪链疏水单体丙烯酸十八酯(ODA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)共聚,得到疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(OPAM)。通过FTIR,TGA和XRD对聚合物进行了表征,结合表观黏度法和紫外光谱法测试了OPAM的溶液性能,并且进行室内模拟驱油实验。结果表明,OPAM临界缔合浓度(cac)为0.27%(质量分数),溶液在浓度高于cac时,有大量疏水微区形成。引入疏水单体ODA,聚合物热稳定性升高,结晶性下降。OPAM比常规高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)驱油效果更好,同等条件下,OPAM驱油效率比HPAM提高了5.5百分点。     

疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺的研究进展

疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺（HAPAM）是疏水缔合水溶性聚合物（HAWSP）中研究最多的一种,它可以通过共聚反应在聚丙烯酰胺中引人少量疏水基团而得到。由于疏水基团的憎水作用,共聚物水溶液中产生分子间缔合作用,从而具有独特的流变性能。在石油开采、污泥处理、涂料工业及生物医学等方面具有良好的应用前景。综述了国内外学者在HAPAM的合成、性质和应用等方面的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

表面活性单体DAHAAC/丙烯酰胺共聚物的制备及水溶液性质研究

以十六叔铵、氯丙烯(摩尔比1∶3)在THF溶剂中合成一种具有表面活性的可聚合单体二甲基十六烷基烯丙基氯化铵(DAHAAC),利用红外光谱表征了合成单体的化学结构;以DAHAAC作为丙烯酰胺聚合的改性单体,用量为0.5%,控制聚合物固含量为25%,氧化还原体系低温引发,水解度为25%,制备部分水解的疏水缔合型二元共聚物,并对其黏度与市面上的聚表剂进行了对比测试。结果表明,P-(AM-DAHAAC)聚合物在低浓度、高矿化度、较快剪切速率及高温下均保持较高的黏度。     

含氟疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺合成及溶液性能研究

以全氟辛酸、N,N-二甲基丙二胺、氯丙烯合成一种新型表面活性含氟碳疏水单体(FC137),并与丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸通过自由基水溶液层次聚合,制备含氟碳疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(FCPAM)。用表面张力法研究了FC137的胶束化,用红外光谱仪、流变仪、自动界面张力仪,表征了FCPAM结构和溶液的流变性能和破胶液表界面张力;使用非稀释型乌氏粘度法测定了特性粘数(η),相对表示出了聚丙烯酰胺的分子量。结果表明,FC137在25℃下的CMC为0.052 g/L、γCMC为26.53 mN/m。FCPAM溶液属于假塑性体系,临界缔合浓度为0.3%,具有一定耐盐性、耐温性,0.3%的FCPAM破胶液的表面张力为29.99 mN/m,界面张力为3.21 mN/m,并且具有良好的润湿性。     

双尾型丙烯酰胺类疏水缔合共聚物的合成与表征

通过光引发自由基聚合的方式,将双尾型丙烯酰胺类疏水单体(N-苯乙基-N-十四烷基甲基丙烯酰胺,PETMAM),与丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)等水溶性单体进行共聚,制备出双尾型疏水缔合水溶性共聚物(DTHAP),来解决丙烯酰胺类聚合物耐温抗盐性以及稳定性差的难题。通过测定聚合物溶液的表观黏度作为评价其性能的主要手段,考察了丙烯酸加量、盐、表面活性剂(SDS)含量、疏水单体含量等因素对聚合物性能的影响,从而确定了比较理想的反应条件。实验中发现:丙烯酸加量和表面活性剂含量的变化会影响聚合物的临界缔合行为;盐的引入能够显著降低表面活性剂的用量,提高聚合物的增黏效果;疏水单体含量较低时[0.35%～0.45%(mol)],聚合物可以表现出明显的增黏效果。当聚合物浓度为1 g·L^-1时,聚合物的黏度可以达到141.5 mPa·s,其临界缔合浓度(CAC)为0.75 g·L^-1左右。聚合物在120 g·L^-1的NaCl溶液和120 g·L^-1 NaCl、0.4 g·L^-1 CaCl₂溶液中,80℃下老化90 d,黏度分别为47.6 mPa·s和45.9 mPa·s。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜两种手段,表征了聚合物的结构。     

页岩压裂用疏水缔合聚合物的合成及性能分析

采用表面活性大单体法,在聚丙烯酰胺分子链上引入少量疏水基团,合成AM—AA．DM共聚体系,应用到页岩气压裂液中。考察了引发温度、引发剂用量、疏水单体含量等对聚合物性能的影响。结果表明,聚合的最佳条件为：引发温度40℃,引发剂含量0．1％,单体总浓度25．0％。在此条件下,聚合物的粘均分子量为112万左右,粒度主要分布在0．4—1．0μm之间,合成产物均一性较好;合成产物水溶液具有良好的抗剪切性能。     

新水溶液均相法制备两性聚丙烯酰胺的研究

采用氧化还原引发体系与AIBA为复合分段引发剂，在绝热水溶液体系中进行丙烯酸钠／丙烯酰胺／丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵自由基共聚合。研究了聚合温度、氧化还原引发体系用量、AIBA用量、单体浓度、共聚单体中DAC、AM含量，复合分散剂用量及其HLB值等对聚合反应单体转化率和聚合物特性黏度的影响。聚合物特性黏度随引发剂用量和单体浓度的增大而增大的实验结果证实了该两性聚丙烯酰胺水溶液均相制备过程中凝胶效应的存在。     

Study on properties of hydrophobic associating polymer as drag reduction agent for fracturing fluid

In the paper, the hydrophobic associating polymer ACS-210 was prepared by solution polymerization of acrylamide, acrylic acid, salt-resisting monomer and hydrophobic monomer. Chemical structure and properties of the polymer was characterized by FTIR, TGA and XRD. The rheological property of ACS-210 solution was investigated by rheometer. The frictional resistance of the ACS-210 solutions at different application condition was examined using friction testing system. Results showed that the thermal stability of polymer ACS-210 increases and crystallinity of ACS-210 declines after incorporating of hydrophobic monomer. The viscosity of ACS-210 solution of different concentration decreased with prolonging the shearing time and the retention rate of viscosity is relatively high after long shearing time. The relation curve between the viscosity of polymer solution and shear rate followed the power law model. When the concentration of ACS-210 aqueous solution was less than the critical associating concentrations, storage modulus G’ is less than loss modulus G”, the association was weaker between the molecular chains, and the effective spatial structure did not form. After increasing the concentration of the polymer solution, G’ is more than G”, the degree of association of polymer is stronger. The synthesized polymer has favorable drag reduction effect. The molecular weight is not the only factor to determine drag reduction efficiency. The hydrophobic association can also improve the drag reduction efficiency.     

反相乳液聚合合成聚丙烯酰胺

以甲苯为介质,Span80/Span20为乳化剂,叔丁基过氧化氢/亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系为引发剂,采用反相乳液聚合制备了分子量高达9.4×106的聚丙烯酰胺乳液。研究了乳化剂种类及用量、引发剂种类及用量、油水比、单体浓度,反应温度对共聚物相对分子量、聚合转化率以及聚合反应速率的影响。其最佳聚合配方及工艺条件为:油水体积比为1.4,单体浓度30%,引发剂用量0.003%,乳化剂用量12%,聚合温度30℃。     

Study of P(AM‐NVP‐DMDA) hydrophobically associating water‐soluble terpolymer

A new kind of hydrophobically associating water‐soluble terpolymer P(AM‐NVP‐DMDA) was synthesized by free radical terpolymerization. Compared with micellar terpolymerization, this terpolymerization can be conducted in aqueous solution in absence of external surfactant, because the hydrophobic monomer is surface active. Synthesis, structure, and solution properties of P(AM‐NVP‐DMDA) terpolymer were studied, including its electrolyte effect, rheological behavior, temperature dependence of viscosity, dilute solution property, and the polymer–alkali, polymer–surfactant interaction. The terpolymer shows strong hydrophobic effect, and the terpolymer aqueous brine solution exhibits high viscosity at low polymer concentration. Incorporation of N‐vinyl‐pyrrolidone into the terpolymer causes an improvement in thermal stability of the terpolymer. The transmission electron photomicrograph analysis of the terpolymer indicates that the presence of the microphase separation of the terpolymer in aqueous solution plays an important role in the viscosification efficiency of the terpolymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 211–217, 1999     

Solution properties and flocculation of hydrophobically associating cationic fluorinated polyacrylamide

The hydrophobically associating cationic fluorinated polyacrylamide (CFPAM), modified with fluorinated acrylate, 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate (FEA), has been newly synthesized, by free radical micellar copolymerization in aqueous solution. The solution properties of these polymers were investigated in details in this study. In addition, the flocculation of CFPAM was also evaluated. The results showed that there were strong hydrophobic associations in the CFPAM aqueous solution. The addition of NaCl resulted in an increase of solution viscosity, which indicated the good salt-resistant performance of CFPAM. The polymers also exhibited excellent property of temperature and shearing tolerance. Furthermore, the polymer showed high surface activity. At the same time, its flocculation properties were evaluated with kaolin suspensions using a standard jar test. All the results demonstrated the superiority of the cationic fluorinated polyacrylamide as a flocculant.     

Evaluation of hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide‐containing aqueous fluids and their potential use in petroleum recovery

Acrylamide and tridecyl acrylate copolymers were synthesized by micellar copolymerization to obtain water‐soluble, hydrophobically modified polymers. Rheological properties of the obtained polymer solutions were evaluated and compared to those of solutions of a commercial polyacrylamide currently used in the petroleum industry. The behavior of the copolymer solutions was studied as a function of the variation of hydrophobic monomer content incorporated in the copolymer as well as the salt content of the aqueous medium, for diluted and semi‐diluted regimens. Comparative studies of such effects on the intrinsic viscosity and the critical concentration of those polymers were conducted. The increase in hydrophobic monomer content produced a sudden increase in the bulk and absolute viscosity of the polymeric solutions, a trend that was more intense from a certain concentration typical for each polymer. Salt addition led to lower bulk viscosity caused by a stronger interaction among hydrophobic groups, resulting from minimized exposure of such groups and water. The same effect was observed for the critical concentration. A comparison of the synthesized polymers with industrial polyacrylamide showed that the synthesized polymers were characterized by advantageously high shear strength and high salt resistance. However, in the absence of salts, higher copolymer amounts were needed to prepare solutions whose viscosity was the same as that of commercial polyacrylamide. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3686–3692, 2004