环氧化天然橡胶及其应用研究进展

介绍环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)的制备方法、性能及其对聚合物基复合材料的改性效果.ENR在保留天然橡胶(NR)的结构和性能的基础上,可进一步提高NR的气密性能和耐油性能等.不同硫化体系硫化ENR的性能不同,ENR的环氧度越高,其玻璃化温度越高,气密性能和耐溶剂性能越好.ENR可作为相容剂对NR和其他橡胶及白炭黑进行改性,提高胶料的性能和白炭黑在胶料中的分散性.     

环氧化天然橡胶的研究与应用

环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）是由NR化学改性而成,笔者阐述了环氧化天然橡胶制备原理和方法、环氧化天然橡胶性能及应用研究、环氧化天然橡胶共混改性研究,其中包括ENR与PVC共混体系的研究、ENR其它共混体系的研究和ENR改性的研究.     

白炭黑对NR/ENR并用胶性能的影响

研究经间苯二酚六次甲基四胺络合物（PY）改性前后的白炭黑对天然橡胶（NR）/环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）并用胶性能的影响。结果表明,随着未改性的白炭黑用量增大,胶料的t10和t90均延长,ML和MH均呈上升趋势,胶料的物理性能先提高后降低,当白炭黑用量为5～10份时,胶料的物理性能较佳。间苯二酚/六次甲基四胺并用比为40/60制备的PY且其用量为1份时对白炭黑的改性效果最好。     

环氧化天然橡胶复合材料性能研究

采用新方法制备环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)/白炭黑和天然橡胶(NR)/ENR/白炭黑复合材料,并对其性能进行研究。结果表明:ENR/白炭黑复合材料的热稳定性优于ENR;在NR/ENR并用胶中加入白炭黑和硅烷偶联剂KH-550,NR/ENR/白炭黑复合材料0℃时的损耗因子(tanδ)增大,65℃时的tanδ值减小,复合材料的抗湿滑性能提高,滚动阻力减小。     

环氧化天然橡胶和偶联剂Si69对芳纶帘线与天然橡胶粘合性能的影响

研究环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）和偶联剂Si69对芳纶帘线与天然橡胶（NR）粘合性能的影响。结果表明：随着ENR用量的增大,NR胶料的门尼焦烧时间缩短,硫化胶的硬度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度增大,100%定伸应力和H抽出力先增大后减小,当ENR用量为10份时,NR胶料的综合性能最佳;在间-甲-白粘合体系中,加入偶联剂Si69的NR胶料门尼粘度减小,门尼焦烧时间延长,硫化胶的硬度和定伸应力增大,H抽出力减小,而加入ENR的NR胶料门尼粘度增大,门尼焦烧时间缩短,硫化胶的300%定伸应力减小,H抽出力增大。     

环氧化天然橡胶和乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶对白炭黑填充天然橡胶／再生胶粉并用胶性能的影响

就环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）和乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶（EAA）两组分增容剂对白炭黑填充天然橡胶（NR）／再生胶粉（RRP）并用胶的硫化特性、机械性能、溶胀性和形态进行了研究。结果表明，对于白炭黑填充NR／RRP并用胶，加入ENR／EAA可缩短硫化时间t90，改善加工性能和提高交联密度，还可提高诸如拉伸强度、定伸应力和硬度等机械性能。机械性能的改善是由于加入ENR／EAA两组分增容剂使白炭黑与NR／RRP并用胶之间的交联密度得到提高和相互作用有所改善的缘故。     

环氧化天然橡胶在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究环氧化度为50%的环氧化天然橡胶(ENR50)在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明:使用ENR50等量替代部分天然橡胶能够进一步促进白炭黑分散,使得胎面胶的定伸应力和拉伸强度略有下降,拉断伸长率和硬度有所提高;并且可以显著提高胶料的耐磨性能和压缩疲劳性能,同时降低生热。     

环氧化天然橡胶在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明：用ENR部分取代天然橡胶（NR）,胶料的门尼粘度增大,焦烧时间延长,强伸性能略有下降,抗湿滑性能显著改善,耐磨陛能提高,压缩生热略有升高。     

环氧化天然橡胶在高聚物改性中的应用进展

环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）是在天然橡胶（NR）主链上引入环氧基团,既保持了天然橡胶原有的优良性能．同时提高了耐油性、气密性和耐湿滑性,又为二次改性提供了可能与方便。通过ENR与橡胶、塑料共混改性．概述了目前国内外学者对ENR既作为改性剂又作为复合材料基体等四个方面的研究工作。     

白炭黑/石墨烯杂化填料对天然橡胶胶料性能的影响

通过偶联剂KH550改性白炭黑与助分散剂TA修饰石墨烯发生迈克尔加成反应形成强杂化键得到白炭黑/石墨烯杂化填料,研究胶料配方中不同偶联剂KH550用量改性的白炭黑/石墨烯杂化填料在天然橡胶（NR）胶料中的分散性和对NR胶料性能的影响。结果表明,与未使用偶联剂KH550的NR硫化胶相比,用量为2份的偶联剂KH550改性的白炭黑/助分散剂TA修饰的石墨烯杂化填料的NR硫化胶的拉伸强度最大（27.8 MPa）、压缩生热最低、玻璃化温度最低（－37.06 ℃）、热导率最大（在30和150 ℃下的热导率分别为0.168和0.184 W·m-1·K-1）,硫化胶中白炭黑的聚集明显减弱,硫化胶的综合性能最佳。     

环氧化天然橡胶在全钢子午线轮胎胎面配方中的应用

研究了环氧化天然橡胶(ENR-40)在全钢子午线轮胎胎面配方中的应用效果。试验表明,ENR-40部分取代NR应用到轮胎配方中具有一定的优异性,对胎面配方硫化特性影响不大,胎面胶配方的物理机械性能提高,压缩疲劳生热降低。     

Microwave absorbing rubber composites containing carbon black and aluminum powder

Natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) composites filled with conductive carbon black and aluminum powder have been prepared by using a two‐roll mill. An electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of those rubber composites was carried out in the frequency range of 8–12GHz (X‐band microwave). The increase of filler loading enhanced shielding effectiveness of the rubber composites. Conductive carbon black was more effective in shielding than aluminum powder. Binary filler‐filled rubber composites showed higher shielding effectiveness than that of single filler‐filled rubber composites. It has been observed that the shielding effectiveness of these rubber composites could be ranked in the following order: ENR ≥ CSM > NR, whereas the mechanical properties of the rubber composites were in the order of CSM > ENR > NR. The correlation between shielding effectiveness and electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties of the rubber composites are also discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Effect of surface modification of silicon carbide nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites based on epoxidized natural rubber/natural rubber blends

Improvement of the properties of rubber nanocomposites is a challenge for the rubber industry because of the need for higher performance materials. Addition of a nanometer‐sized filler such as silicon carbide (SiC) to enhance the mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites has rarely been attempted. The main problem associated with using SiC nanoparticles as a reinforcing natural rubber (NR) filler compound is poor dispersion of SiC in the NR matrix because of their incompatibility. To solve this problem, rubber nanocomposites were prepared with SiC that had undergone surface modification with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and used as a filler in blends of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and natural rubber. The effect of surface modification and ENR content on the curing characteristics, dynamic mechanical properties, morphology and heat buildup of the blends were investigated. The results showed that modification of SiC with AIBN resulted in successful bonding to the surface of SiC. It was found that modified SiC nanoparticles were well dispersed in the ENR/NR matrix, leading to good filler‐rubber interaction and improved compatibility between the rubber and filler in comparison with unmodified SiC. The mechanical properties and heat buildup when modified SiC was used as filled in ENR/NR blends were improved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45289.     

Thermoplastic natural rubber based on polyamide‐12: Influence of blending technique and type of rubber on temperature scanning stress relaxation and other related properties

Thermoplastic natural rubber based on polyamide‐12 (PA‐12) blend was prepared by melt blending technique. Influence of blending techniques (i.e., simple blend and dynamic vulcanization) and types of natural rubber (i.e., unmodified natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)) on properties of the blends were investigated. It was found that the simple blends with the proportion of rubber ～ 60 wt % exhibited cocontinuous phase structure while the dynamically cured blends showed dispersed morphology. Furthermore, the blend of ENR exhibited superior mechanical properties, stress relaxation behavior, and fine grain morphology than those of the blend of the unmodified NR. This is attributed to chemical interaction between oxirane groups in ENR molecules and polar functional groups in PA‐12 molecules which caused higher interfacial adhesion. It was also found that the dynamic vulcanization caused enhancement of strength and hardness properties. Temperature scanning stress relaxation measurement revealed improvement of stress relaxation properties and thermal resistance of the dynamically cured ENR/PA‐12 blend. This is attributed to synergistic effects of dynamic vulcanization of ENR and chemical reaction of the ENR and PA‐12 molecules. Furthermore, the dynamically cured ENR/PA‐12 blend exhibited smaller rubber particles dispersed in the PA‐12 matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

On the potential of organoclay with respect to conventional fillers (carbon black,silica) for epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized natural rubber vulcanizates

Onium modified montmorillonite (organoclay) was compounded with natural rubber (NR) in an internal mixer and cured by using a conventional sulfuric system. Epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol % epoxidation (ENR 50) in 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) was used as a compatibilizer in this study. For comparison purposes, two commercial fillers: carbon black (grade N330) and silica (grade vulcasil‐S) were used. Cure characteristics were carried out on a Monsanto MDR2000 Rheometer. Organoclay filled vulcanizate showed the lowest values of torque maximum, torque minimum, scorch, and cure times. The kinetics of cure reaction showed organoclay could behave as a cocuring agent. The mechanical testing of the vulcanizates involved the determination of tensile and tear properties. The improvement of tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear properties in organoclay filled vulcanizate were significantly higher compared to silica and carbon black filled vulcanizates. In terms of reinforcing efficiency (RE), organoclay exhibited the highest stiffness followed by silica and carbon black filled vulcanizates. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that incorporation of various types of fillers has transformed the failure mechanism of the resulting NR vulcanizates compared to the gum vulcanizates. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed that the stiffness and molecular relaxation of NR vulcanizates are strongly affected by the filler–rubber interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2438–2445, 2004     

Toughness enhancement of poly(lactic acid) by melt blending with natural rubber

Rubber toughened poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was prepared by blending with natural rubber (NR)‐based polymers. The blends contained 10 wt % of rubber and melt blended with a twin screw extruder. Enhancement of impact strength of PLA was primarily concernced. This study was focused on the effect of rubber polarity, rubber viscosity and molecular weight on mechanical properties of the blends. Three types of rubbers were used: NR, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR25 and ENR50), and natural rubber grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (NR‐g‐PMMA). Effect of viscosity and molecular weight of NR, rubber mastication with a two‐roll mill was investigated. It was found that all blends showed higher impact strength than PLA and NR became the best toughening agent. Viscosity and molecular weight of NR decreased with increasing number of mastication. Impact strength of PLA/NR blends increased after applying NR mastication due to appropriate particle size. DMTA and DSC characterization were determined as well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

环氧化天然橡胶共交联改性EPDM/NR共混物的性能

将三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)与环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)共交联改性后,再与天然橡胶(NR)共混,考察了ENR共交联改性EPDM/NR共混胶的硫化特性、硫化胶的物理机械性能、溶胀指数和耐热空气老化性能,并对该硫化胶进行了差示扫描量热分析。结果表明,EPDM经过ENR共交联改性后与NR共混,ENR共交联改性EPDM/NR共混胶的交联程度明显提高,各相达到了同步交联,硫化胶的综合性能得到了显著改善。     

低共熔溶剂与偶联剂协同改性白炭黑对胎面胶性能的影响

研究了硅烷偶联剂(TESPT)与低共熔溶剂(DES)协同改性白炭黑对作为胎面胶的天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响.用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析了 TESPT和DES与白炭黑之间的相互作用,用橡胶加工分析仪和扫描电镜分析了白炭黑之间的相互作用,并测试了复合材料的硫化特性、力学性能和耐磨性,通过动态力学分析仪考察了其滚动阻力和抗湿滑...