活性炭纤维对水中苯胺的吸附性能研究

研究活性炭纤维(Activated carbon fiber,ACF)对人工配水和实际地表水中苯胺的吸附特性.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对ACF的表面结构进行了表征.通过静态吸附试验,考察了苯胺初始质量浓度、吸附时间、温度、pH、腐殖酸等对吸附速率与吸附行为的影响;同时探讨了ACF对实际地表微污染水中苯胺的吸附效果.结果表明,ACF对水中苯胺的吸附以较快的速率进行,40min时基本达到吸附平衡;初始质量浓度较高时最终吸附容量较大;低温和pH大于7的条件下,吸附效果较好;人工配水中的吸附行为能较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程.腐殖酸对吸附速率基本没有影响.ACF对地表水中苯胺吸附性能与模拟水中相似.因此,用ACF吸附法处理水体中突发性苯胺类污染物是可行性的.     

片沸石处理氨氮废水的实验研究

以片沸石为吸附剂处理氨氮废水,研究了吸附剂粒径、反应时间、废水pH、氨氮初始含量、沸石投加量对吸附的影响,分析了片沸石的吸附动力学和热力学特征。结果表明,在298K下,当投加沸石质量为8g、粒径为74μm、废水用量为100 mL,初始氨氮质量浓度为50 mg/L、pH为7、吸附时间3 h时,废水中氨氮的去除率可达到70.83%,天然片沸石吸附氨氮符合准2级动力学方程。在温度为298~318 K时,吸附等温线更好地符合Freundlich方程;热力学计算发现ΔH0、ΔG0、ΔS0,表明氨氮在片沸石上的吸附是自发吸热过程,以物理吸附为主。     

改性文冠果活性炭吸附Ca~(2+)的研究

采用硝酸对文冠果活性炭进行氧化改性,探讨了Ca⁽²⁺⁾溶液初始浓度、吸附温度、时间、pH值对Ca(2+)溶液初始浓度、吸附温度、时间、pH值对Ca⁽²⁺⁾吸附的影响。分析了吸附热力学和动力学,初步探讨了吸附机理。实验表明,当Ca(2+)吸附的影响。分析了吸附热力学和动力学,初步探讨了吸附机理。实验表明,当Ca⁽²⁺⁾的初始浓度为500 mg/L,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为120 min,pH值为2时,吸附量最大,可达285.9 mg/g。硝酸改性文冠果活性炭吸附Ca(2+)的初始浓度为500 mg/L,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为120 min,pH值为2时,吸附量最大,可达285.9 mg/g。硝酸改性文冠果活性炭吸附Ca⁽²⁺⁾符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型,吉布斯自由能ΔG°<0、焓变ΔH°<0、熵变ΔS°<0,表明该吸附是一个自发的放热过程。     

稻壳对三种染料的吸附性能研究

用稻壳吸附剂对甲基紫、孔雀绿、维多利亚蓝三种染料废水进行吸附实验,研究了室温条件下染料溶液pH值、稻壳吸附时间、染料初始浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响。在室温条件下稻壳对三种染料具有较好的吸附脱色效果,当pH=6时脱色率最高;稻壳对三种染料的吸附符合准二级反应动力学模型,较好符合Langmiur等温线方程。     

活性炭纤维ACF对甲基橙染料的吸附动力学研究

以活性炭纤维(ACF)为吸附剂,研究了25℃、35℃及45℃3种水温条件下ACF对甲基橙染料的吸附行为。结果表明,3种水温条件下,ACF吸附量均随甲基橙初始浓度的增大而增大;分别应用吸附等温模型及动力学模型对ACF吸附甲基橙行为进行描述,数据拟合结果表明ACF对甲基橙的吸附过程较好的符合Langmuir吸附等温模型及准二级动力学模型,3种水温下的相关系数R~2值均在0.99以上。     

活性炭纤维吸附石化废水中苯酚的吸附平衡及动力学

以活性炭纤维(ACF)为吸附剂,研究了ACF对石化废水中苯酚的吸附平衡及动力学。在25、40、55及65℃下测定了吸附平衡等温线,采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Redlich-Peterson等温方程对吸附平衡数据进行了拟合,结果表明吸附平衡数据更符合Langmuir与Redlich-Peterson方程。体系温度从25、40、55升高到65℃时,ACF对模拟废水中苯酚的吸附能力随温度升高而降低,而ACF对石化废水中苯酚的吸附能力并不完全随温度升高而降低。ACF对石化废水与模拟废水中苯酚的吸附过程均符合拟二级动力学方程。颗粒内扩散模型对吸附动力学实验数据的拟合结果表明,吸附初期吸附速率主要受颗粒内扩散控制且石化废水中苯酚吸附的k_id随温度升高而增大,吸附中后期吸附速率除了受颗粒内扩散控制外还受到外扩散的影响。热力学分析表明,石化废水中ACF吸附苯酚过程的ΔG<0,由于石油类物质对苯酚吸附的影响,温度升高ΔG的数值变化不大。     

改性膨润土对水中全氟辛酸的吸附性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性膨润土(CTAB-BENT)作为吸附剂,在温度288～313 K,初始浓度40 mg/L条件下,研究CTAB-BENT对全氟辛酸(PFOA)的吸附动力学和热力学规律,同时考察了溶液pH对吸附的影响。结果表明,PFOA在CTAB-BENT上的吸附过程符合伪二级动力学及Langmuir吸附等温模型,ΔH⁰>0,ΔS0>0,ΔS⁰>0,ΔG0>0,ΔG⁰<0,表明PFOA在CTAB-BENT上吸附属于易自发进行的物理吸附过程。pH值介于3～9时,PFOA在CTAB-BENT上的吸附能力随着pH值的增大而降低。     

复合淀粉微球对铜离子的吸附及动力学研究

以复合淀粉微球为载体,研究其对Cu2+的吸附行为,考察了反应时间、pH值、反应温度、Cu2+的初始浓度等因素对吸附量的影响,并研究了吸附行为的动力学模型。结果表明,复合淀粉微球在120 min时可以达到对Cu2+吸附的平衡状态,静态吸附实验发现,在pH=6、温度35℃、Cu2+初始浓度0.10 mol/L时复合淀粉微球对Cu2+的吸附量较高。动力学实验研究表明,吸附行为可能更符合准二级动力学模型。     

给水污泥对水中磷的去除性能研究

以给水污泥为吸附剂,采用单因素实验,考察了多种因素对含磷废水中磷去除效果的影响。在磷初始浓度为50mg·L~(-1)、吸附剂投加量20 g·L~(-1)、pH值为4.5、吸附时间10h的条件下,磷去除率达93.15%。采用Lagergren一级动力学模型、伪二级动力学模型、颗粒内扩散模型、双常数模型,对吸附效果进行拟合分析。动力学研究结果表明,各浓度的实验数据均能较好地符合伪二级动力学模型。当磷溶液的初始浓度为50mg·L~(-1)时,实验结果符合一级动力学模型;当磷溶液的初始浓度分别为100mg·L~(-1)、150mg·L~(-1)时,颗粒内扩散模型和双常数模型对实验结果有较好的拟合效果。Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型均符合污泥活性炭对含磷废水的吸附特性,热力学参数的计算结果表明,该吸附过程是自发的吸热反应。     

黏胶基活性碳纤维吸附吡啶

采用黏胶基活性碳纤维(rayon-based ACF)吸附焦化尾水中的典型有机物吡啶, 考察了在不同时间、投加量、温度以及有机物影响的条件下, 黏胶基活性碳纤维对吡啶的静态吸附效果。从动力学、热力学和分子结构等方面来判断吸附类型, 并从理论上分析黏胶基活性碳纤维对模拟焦化尾水典型有机污染物的吸附过程。实验结果表明, 当吡啶废水的初始浓度为25mg/L时, 黏胶基活性碳纤维对吡啶的吸附在60min基本达到平衡, 最大吸附量为17.66mg/g;随着温度的升高, 吸附效率下降;共存有机物喹啉会抑制吡啶的吸附效率, 使黏胶基活性碳纤维对吡啶的吸附率显著降低;活性碳纤维吸附吡啶的过程符合Lagergren准二级动力学模型, 其相关系 数>0.999, 在22℃的液相温度下, 吸附等温式为q=2.3138c_e^0.9540。热力学参数ΔH⁰、ΔG⁰均为负值, 表明该吸附是一个自发的放热过程。     

活性炭纤维吸附处理模拟焦化废水尾水

采用活性炭纤维静态吸附苯酚模拟焦化废水尾水,考察了活性炭纤维用量、温度、pH值、无机物、有机物等因素对处理效果的影响,从化学性质和热力学数据等方面来判断吸附类型。结果表明,活性炭纤维对苯酚的吸附容量最大为107.11 mg/g,吸附效果随温度升高有所下降,溶液pH>5时不利于吸附的进行,多组分的存在抑制苯酚的吸附。热力学参数ΔH0、ΔG0为负值,表明该吸附是一个自发的放热过程。     

活性炭纤维处理丙烯酸废水的研究

采用活性炭纤维对丙烯酸模拟废水进行静态和动态吸附研究,测定了吸附等温线和动态穿透曲线,并且研究了吸附平衡时间、温度、pH值对处理效果的影响。结果表明,温度升高,吸附效率有所降低;溶液pH在3~4范围内对吸附效率影响不大;吸附时间存在最佳值,最佳吸附时间6 m in。吸附饱和的活性炭纤维用NaOH溶液再生,重复使用3次,吸附效率无明显变化。     

Removal of Selected Basic Dyes using Activated Carbon from Tannery Wastes

Activated carbon prepared from tannery leather waste (TLW-AC) has been studied for its efficiency of removal of basic dyes, namely rhodamine B (RB), methylene blue (MB), and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. Factors influencing dye adsorption such as the concentration of dye, pH, contact time, and temperature were investigated. The adsorption was found to be strongly dependent on the pH and temperature. The maximum sorption capacity of RB was obtained at pH 3 and for MB and MG was obtained at pH 11. Various thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were calculated. The kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data have been well-described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the data fitted well in both model equations. The study revealed that wastes from leather industry is an economically viable option for dye removal.     

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Based Activated Carbon for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions

The adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye using coconut shell based activated carbon (CSAC) was investigated. Operational factors such as the effect of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and solution temperature on the adsorption process were studied. Solution pH strongly affected the chemistry of both the dye molecule and CSAC in solution. Optimum dye removal was obtained at pH ≥ 8.0. Equilibrium was reached in 120 minutes contact time. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models were used to evaluate the adsorption data. The adsorption data fitted the Langmuir model most with maximum adsorption monolayer coverage of 214.63 mg/g. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were also used to fit the experimental data. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients, for each model were calculated and discussed. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, and ΔS⁰ were evaluated and it was found that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. The mean free energy obtained from D-R isotherm suggests that the adsorption process follows physiosorption mechanism. The results showed that coconut shells could be employed as a low-cost precursor in activated carbon preparation for the removal of MG dye from wastewaters.     

活性炭纤维处理含酚废水的研究

采用活性炭纤维处理苯酚模拟废水,通过静态和动态吸附研究,测定了吸附等温线动态穿透曲线,并研究了pH、吸附平衡时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明,活性炭纤维对苯酚的吸附容量为275.1mg/g,吸附速率愉,溶液pH＞8时,吸附效率下降;吸附时间存在最佳值。吸附饱和活性炭纤维用10%的氢氧化的钠溶液再生,重复使用3次,吸附效率无明显变化。     

Thermodynamic,kinetic, and equilibrium studies on phenol removal by use of cashew nut shell

Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution onto cashew nut shell (CNS) was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent. The influence of various parameters such as contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature has been studied. Studies showed that the pH of aqueous solutions affected phenol removal as a result of decrease in removal efficiency with increasing solution pH. The experimental data were analysed by the Langmuir equation. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 5.405 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° have also been evaluated and it has been found that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. The pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models were selected to follow the adsorption process. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities and related correlation coefficients, for each kinetic model were calculated and discussed. It was shown that the adsorption of phenol could be described by the pseudo‐second‐order equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is presumable a chemisorption. The CNS investigated in this study showed good application potential for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution.     

藻蓝蛋白静态吸附平衡及热力学研究

研究了钝顶螺旋藻中藻蓝蛋白在DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换树脂上的静态吸附平衡,考察了无机盐NaCl浓度和聚合物PEG6000质量分数,以及吸附温度对藻蓝蛋白静态吸附平衡的影响,以Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程分别对不同条件下的吸附平衡数据进行拟合,并计算出吸附过程的热力学参数△G,△...     

活性炭纤维吸附法脱除废水中对氯苯酚及吸附剂的再生

采用活性炭纤维 (ACF)处理对氯苯酚 (PCP)模拟废水 ,通过静态和动态吸附研究 ,测定了吸附等温平衡线、动态突破曲线 ,并研究了ACF对PCP的吸附速率。结果表明 ,ACF对PCP的吸附容量较大 ,吸附平衡关系服从Langmuir型吸附等温线 ;吸附速率快 ;吸附达饱和的ACF用NaOH溶液再生 ,解吸速率很快 ,再生后吸附容量基本不变     

活性炭纤维吸附邻硝基苯胺水溶液的研究

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)处理邻硝基苯胺模拟废水,通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了pH、盐含量、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响,测定了吸附等温线和动态穿透曲线,并进行了ACF再生实验。结果表明,在实验条件下,ACF对邻硝基苯胺的吸附速率很快,5 min去除率达96%,在pH4.4~10.4条件下吸附效果较好,盐的含量对吸附效果影响较小,吸附等温线能用Langmuir和Freundlich方程较好地拟合。溶液流速增大,穿透时间提前,吸附饱和的ACF用无水乙醇再生,重复5次,邻硝基苯胺的回收率均在95%以上,ACF的吸附效率无明显变化。