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1.
采用两步水热晶化法合成了Cu-SBA- 15介孔分子筛,并且用XRD、N2吸附、FT-IR、TEM以及UV-vis对所合成的样品进行了表征.结果表明,Cu-SBA- 15具有高度有序的介孔结构和均一的孔径分布.部分铜离子进入了分子筛骨架,部分铜离子以八面体配位环境与骨架硅相连均匀分布在孔壁上.Cu-SBA-15(含铜6.0%)在催化氧化水溶液中4-硝基苯酚的反应中具有良好的催化活性,主要考察了H2O2初始浓度、催化剂用量、处理温度等因素对4-硝基苯酚氧化效果的影响.在4-硝基苯酚初始浓度为200 mg·L-1、H2O2初始浓度为1.2 g·L-1、在60℃的条件下处理100 min,4-硝基苯酚去除率达100%,TOC去除率可达82.4%.  相似文献   

2.
采用循环伏安法研究了不同pH溶液中对硝基苯酚在铜电极上的电化学还原行为,选定了不同的电位利用计时电流法电解对硝基苯酚。研究了对硝基苯酚电解还原过程中pH、电位和电解时间对去除效率的影响,并对反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明,对硝基苯酚在铜电极上能发生还原反应,并且随着pH的升高,还原电位负移。  相似文献   

3.
李启本  时召俊 《广东化工》2010,37(6):198-199
文章介绍了大孔树脂吸附法处理对硝基苯酚废水技术的基本原理和应用实例。实际运行结果显示,利用大孔树脂处理对硝基苯酚废水具有吸附效果好、解析容易、性能稳定、可综合利用的优点,是目前处理对硝基苯酚废水的成熟和有效方法。  相似文献   

4.
微电解-SBR组合处理对硝基苯酚研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以微电解为预处理,与生化处理直接结合,考察了该工艺对对硝基苯酚的处理效果.结果表明,微生物经过合理的驯化后,在短期内获得对对硝基苯酚较好的适应性与处理效果,不同质量浓度负荷下微生物都能够将对硝基苯酚的质量浓度降低到1~2mg·L~(-1),只是随着负荷的提高,降解的时间也不断延长.组合工况在对硝基苯酚含量较高时,系统运行稳定,能够较好提高整体去除效率,出水对硝基苯酚的质量浓度在5mg·L~(-1)左右,COD不超过40mg·L~(-1),并具有一定的抗冲击负荷能力.  相似文献   

5.
坡缕石-活性炭-壳聚糖负载环糊精对硝基苯酚的吸附性质   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
查飞  常玥  吕学谦  魏玉娟 《精细化工》2007,24(3):209-212
研究了坡缕石-活性炭-壳聚糖负载环糊精吸附剂对对硝基苯酚、邻硝基苯酚的吸附行为以及pH、温度等对吸附的影响。在pH=5.0-7.5时,自制吸附剂对对硝基苯酚,邻硝基苯酚具有较好的吸附作用。等温吸附曲线拟合结果显示,吸附剂对硝基苯酚的吸附更符合Langmu ir方程。热力学函数计算表明,吸附剂对硝基酚的吸附是自发的放热过程,对硝基苯酚的吸附热和熵变分别为-27.49 kJ/mol和-70.39 J/(mol.K),邻硝基苯酚的吸附热和熵变分别为-29.06 kJ/mol和-78.87 J/(mol.K),吸附自由能均随温度的升高而增加。  相似文献   

6.
介绍了一硝油中硝基酚分析方法的改进内容及对测定结果的影响因素。改进后的方法具有较好的重复性和精确度。  相似文献   

7.
改进Skraup法制备8-羟基喹啉的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用改进的Skraup法,以丙烯醛代替甘油,以邻氨基苯酚、邻硝基苯酚、丙烯醛为原料在盐酸、醋酸存在的条件下合成了8-羟基喹啉.通过正交实验探讨了丙烯醛滴加时间、醋酸用量、丙烯醛用量、邻硝基苯酚用量、反应时间对产率的影响.确定最佳反应条件为:邻氨基苯酚用量为21.8 g(0.20 mol)、邻硝基苯酚用量为14.6 g(0.11 mol)、丙烯醛用量为20.2 g(0.36 mol)、醋酸用量为22.0 g(0.37 mol)、盐酸200 mL、丙烯醛滴加时间为3 h、加热反应时间为1.0 h.此时,8-羟基喹啉的产率达72%.  相似文献   

8.
采用密度泛函B3LYP方法研究了三硝基苯酚及其金复合物的结构特征,并模拟拉曼光谱。结果表明三硝基苯酚与金原子的稳定吸附位点在邻位硝基的氧原子上。通过分析拉曼光谱中主要的振动模式,发现金原子对三硝基苯酚的拉曼增强具有选择性。。  相似文献   

9.
用循环伏安法(CV)将茜素红S修饰于玻碳电极表面,成功地制备出对硝基酚具有良好电催化作用的聚茜素红薄膜修饰电极(PARSE).在差分脉冲伏安图(DPV)上,邻硝基苯酚、2,4-二硝基苯酚、2,2,4-三硝基苯酚分别出现一、二、三个还原峰.根据DPV图,研究了不同硝基酚在PARSE上的还原反应,并推断了反应机理.利用这一特性,可以进行不同硝基酚的定性与定量分析.  相似文献   

10.
唐蓉萍  何小荣  杨兴锴  索陇宁  曹福军  伍家卫 《辽宁化工》2012,41(10):1079-1082,1086
对氨基苯酚是一种重要的化工和医药中间体.催化加氢法制备对氨基苯酚的工艺简单、环境污染小.本文就催化加氢法制备对氨基苯酚研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了对硝基苯酚催化加氢法制备对氮基苯酚的催化剂研究进展.  相似文献   

11.
采用测量非彩色物体表面白度值的白度计对皂基色泽进行监督检测,确定了测量皂基的白度较佳表示方法R457白度,并用白度计法与现行的皂基检测方法比较测色计法进行对比,将白度计法应用于皂基的在线检测。从白度计光电效应测量原理分析,白度计满足测量皂基色泽的要求。用白度计法对通常用的3类皂基进行了测定,并用斯图登特数理统计法进行数据处理,制定了相应的标准。  相似文献   

12.
FTIR spectroscopic determination of soap in refined vegetable oils   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
A new analytical method was developed for the determination of soap in palm and groundnut oils by FTIR spectroscopy. Soap from 0 to 80 mg/kg oil was produced in situ in the oils by adding sodium hydroxide. The FTIR spectroscopy was with a sodium chloride transmission cell, and the partial least-squares statistical method was used to calibrate a model for each oil. The accuracy of the method was comparable to that of AOCS Method Cc17-95, with coefficients of determination (R 2) of 0.98 and 0.98 for both palm and groundnut oils. The standard errors of calibration were 1.84 and 1.36 for the two oils, respectively. The calibration models were cross-validated, and the R 2 of cross-validation and standard errors of cross validation were computed. The standard deviation of the difference for repeatability of the FTIR method was better than that for the chemical method used for determining soap in palm and groundnut oils. With its speed and ease of data manipulation by computer software, FTIR spectroscopy is a possible alternative to the standard wet chemical methods for rapid (2 min) and accurate routine determination of soap in chemically refined vegetable oils.  相似文献   

13.
机制透明皂   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对肥皂相及相转换的综述,阐明了配方、工艺及水份等主要因素对肥皂透明度的影响,并提出利用改进的香皂设备生产透明度较好的机制透明皂。  相似文献   

14.
采用松香酸皂、油酸皂和萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物复合乳化体系,通过热法合成丁腈橡胶NBR3604,考察了影响生胶门尼黏度及硫化胶拉伸强度和扯断伸长率等的主要因素。结果表明,合成NBR3604较适宜的配方和工艺条件为:丁二烯56份(质量),丙烯腈44份,软水275份,过硫酸钾0.5份,三乙醇胺0.125份,调节剂丁0.45~0.60份,乳化剂3~4份且松香酸皂与油酸皂质量比为4/6或5/5,聚合温度(30±1)℃,单体转化率(70±2)%。在此条件下的反应过程平稳,产品各项性能符合指标要求,重复性较好。  相似文献   

15.
The behavior of copper valerate and caproate in nonaqueous solutions has been investigated from solubility and refractometric methods. The apparent heat of solutions demonstrate the existence of micellar aggregates above the Krafft point. The refractive indices of soap solutions in hydrocarbons decrease whereas in alcohols increase with the increase in the soap concentration.  相似文献   

16.
Colloid chemical behavior of copper soaps in nonaqueous solvents has been investigated from the surface tension results using Szyszkowski's empirical equation:γ=γ o (1 + Xln Y) - X γ o lnC. The parachors of the soap solutions in hydrocarbons are independent of the soap concentration. However, in alcohols these values increase with the increase of soap concentration. Hammic and Andrew's mixture law equation has been successfully applied to explain the behavior in alcoholic soap solutions.  相似文献   

17.
以热失重法测定了五水硫酸铜的纯度,以碘量法作为参照,并与其他方法作了比较。结果表明,用热失重法测定结果的重复性和准确度均较好。  相似文献   

18.
<水和废水监测分析方法>中总氮测定的试验条件控制严格,在实际工业废水测定中数据重现性很差.研究了以消解-分光光度法测定水体中的总氮方法,并应用本改进方法测定腈纶废水中的总氮,结果表明,该法简便快速,具有良好的精密度和准确度,而且能够适用于突发性水污染事故的现场监测.  相似文献   

19.
Summary An investigation of the removal of soap from neutralized vegetable oils by washing with water has shown that some oils are obtained practically soap-free after only one water wash whereas the soap in other oils cannot be removed even by repeated washing. Coconut, palm, and olive oils are easily washed whereas linseed and rapeseed oils are not. Peanut, sunflowerseed, soybean, and cottonseed oils are sometimes washable and sometimes not. With unwashable oils different methods for soap determination give inconsistent results because calcium and magnesium soaps, or other naturally-occurring compounds of these metals, are not determined to the same extent by these methods. Calcium and magnesium in the crude oils are probably combined with phosphatides or other lipids and remain to some extent in this state after neutralization. Calcium and magnesium present as soaps or as any other compound may be detected easily in crude, neutralized, and washed oils by the titration method of Wolff. Washability of neutralized oils may be improved in a number of ways; the most efficient is pre-treatment with concentrated phosphoric acid or re-refining with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. Either of these treatments can be applied in batch or continuous refining processes. To prevent contamination of washable oils with calcium and magnesium, soft water should be used for washing and in preparation of refining solutions.  相似文献   

20.
The use of copper and cadmium oxides or soaps as catalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty alcohols has been investigated. It is shown that copper soaps homogeneously activate hydrogen. When copper and cadmium oxides are used as catalysts, they react with the acid under formation of a homogeneous soap solution. A continuous reaction system for the preparation of unsaturated fatty alcohols by hydrogenation under the influence of copper and cadmium soaps is described.  相似文献   

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