分子复合材料的研究及新进展

讨论了分子复合材料的定义、优异性能、判据及其分类，重点介绍了分子复合材料的几种制备方法及各种制备方法的研究情况。其中，原位聚合法消除了高聚物之间的相分离趋势，且可获得较高分子水平分散，所以，成为一种较为成功的分子复合方法，最后，阐述了分子复合材料深入发展的相关问题。     

聚合物／聚合物分子复合材料的研究动态

综合讨论了聚合物／聚合物分子复合材料的定义、特征和优势,重点介绍了分子复合材料相容的有效途径及分子复合材料的常用制备方法。并简述了热固性分子复合材料的研究情况及分子复合材料研究前景。     

超分子聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

超分子聚合物纳米复合材料作为一种有别于传统聚合物基纳米复合材料的新型纳米复合材料而深受人们的重视。本文综述了纳米碳材料类超分子纳米复合材料的研究进展,并着重评述了无机-聚合物和金属-聚合物类超分子纳米复合材料的研究进展,并对其它的超分子纳米复合材料的研究现状作了介绍。     

分子复合材料的发展

本文简单介绍了分子复合材料的发展概况及其组成特点、加工特性，详细论述了几类分子复合材料的制备方法，讨论其微相结构对材料性能的影响关系，并展望分子复合材料的应用开发前景。     

分子复合材料增强相分散问题的研究进展

分子复合材料因混合熵小而存在刚棒状分子积聚的现象,这严重影响了复合材料的增强效果。为了改善增强相的分散效果以求达到分子级别的分散,从而得到性能良好的复合材料,人们在制备工艺、聚合过程和分子设计等方面进行了大量工作。总结了近2 0年来国内外学者在分子复合材料相分散问题上的研究状况,并在此基础上对分子复合材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

UPR/纳米SiO2复合材料的制备

目前UPR／纳米SiO2复合材料的制备方法有包括原位聚合法、共混法、分子自组装及组装法，研究了UPR／纳米SiO2复合材料的优异性能，并对其增韧机理作了探讨，展望了纳米改性不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的应用前景。     

液晶高分子原位复合材料

简介液晶高分子及其分子复合材料定义、特性和分类；重点阐述分子复合材料的研究领域和应用前景。     

花生壳纤维增强PBS复合材料的制备及性能

将废弃花生壳纤维作为一种增强材料应用到可降解高分子材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）中，采用熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/花生壳纤维（PBS/F）复合材料，分析了复合材料的结晶性能、热性能及力学性能，并采用分子模拟对性能的改变进行了验证。结果表明：花生壳纤维的添加并没有改变PBS的晶型，但作为成核剂参与了PBS的结晶过程，促进了复合材料的结晶，缩短了复合材料的结晶时间。花生壳纤维含量为5%时其成核作用最强，使其作为“桥梁”镶嵌在复合材料中，结合分子间相互作用使得复合材料的热性能及力学性能较纯PBS有所增加。分子模拟结果表明了花生壳纤维与PBS形成了C=O…H-O，从而增强两者的界面结合。     

科研动态

中国科大通过分子设计研究成功阻燃材料 最近 ,中国科大火灾科学国家重点实验室的科研人员，用分子设计方法，研究成功新型清洁、高效的阻燃材料，这项技术成果已被列入国家高技术产业发展计划。 中国科大火灾科学国家重点实验室是我国唯一的火灾基础理论研究重点科研机构。该室从分子设计角度出发，通过无机或有机化合物修饰粘土，在聚合物中形成纳米复合微结构，从而研制出新型、清洁、高效的阻燃聚合物──一种层状无机物纳米复合材料。 据了解，纳米复合材料是将材料中的一个或多个组分以纳米尺寸或分子水平均匀地分散在另一组分的…     

欧玉春：中国科学院优秀研究生导师

欧玉春，法国化学博士，研究员。1965年复旦大学化学系高分子专业毕业，1965-1968年高教部出国师资，1986-1987法国科学研究中心访问学者，原中国科学院化学所工程塑料国家重点实验室高聚物复合材料表面界面课题组组长，中国复合材料学会界面科学与工程委员会委员。曾从事过有机合成，高分子合成和高分子复合材料的研究。     

Halloysite clay nanotubes as nano‐bazookas for drug delivery

Halloysite nanotubes are cheap, abundant in their deposits, natural green clays with cylindrical structure having a chemical composition similar to that of kaolin. Because of their lumens, high aspect length–diameter ratio and low hydroxyl density on their surface they are readily suitable for a number of interesting applications. In this review we focus only on their use as ‘nano‐bazooka’ drug carriers, able to shoot their cargo against major diseases. Their structure, controlled release and loading are described. We emphasize especially their possible use as novel drug delivery systems with applications in nanomedicine. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Nanostructuring and functionalizing polymers with cyclodextrins

We summarize our recent studies employing the cyclic starches called cyclodextrins (CDs) to both nanostructure and functionalize polymers. Two important structural characteristics of CDs are taken as advantages to achieve these goals. First the ability of CDs to form non-covalent inclusion complexes (ICs) with a variety of guest molecules, including many polymers, by threading and inclusion into their relatively hydrophobic interior cavities, which are roughly cylindrical with diameters of ∼0.5 to 1.0 nm for α-, β-, and γ-CD containing 6, 7, and 8 α-1,4-linked glucose units, respectively. When guest polymers are coalesced from the CD-ICs by removing their host CDs, they are observed to solidify with structures, morphologies, and even conformations that are distinct from bulk samples made from their solutions and melts. Molecularly mixed, intimate blends of two or more polymers that are normally immiscible can be obtained from their common CD-ICs, and the phase segregation of incompatible blocks can be controlled (suppressed or increased) in CD-IC coalesced block copolymers. In addition, additives may be more effectively delivered to polymers in the form of their soluble or crystalline CD-ICs or rotaxanes. Secondly, many -OH groups attached to the exterior rims of CDs, in addition to conferring water solubility, provide an opportunity to covalently bond them to polymers either during their syntheses or via post-polymerization reactions. Polymers containing CDs in their backbones or attached to their side chains are observed to more readily accept and retain additives, such as dyes, fragrances, etc. They may also be further reacted or treated through their CDs to cross-link and form networks or to form blends with other polymers having a propensity to thread through their attached CD cavities.     

天然食用色素的化学结构和稳定性的关系

天然食用色素的优点在于其安全性、缺点是其稳定性差，易受光、热、空气和金属离子的影响而变色或褪色，推广使用天然色素首先必须解决天然色素的稳定性问题，对天然色素的化学结构和稳定性的关系进行分析和探讨，并介绍了当前天然色素稳定化技术的主要进展，为解决天然色素的稳定性问题提供一定的理论基础。     

双（氟代磺酰）亚胺及其盐的制备、性能与应用进展

双（氟代磺酰）亚胺及其盐具有独特的结构和性能,在锂二次电池、离子液体、催化剂等领域引起了广泛的关注。本文综述了该类化合物的制备方法,比较了各类方法的优缺点;从分子结构上分析了该类化合物某些碱金属盐含有结合水的原因,并归纳了目前合成无水型碱金属盐的方法;综述了它们作为锂二次电池的电解质使用时的各项性能;最后介绍了它们的应用进展,并指出了今后的研究重点及方向。     

S1800-13离心鼓风机设计制造和验收

主鼓风机是硫酸装置的关键设备之一,我国大型硫酸装置的主鼓风机许多是进口的。介绍采用引进技术国内制造的Ｓ１８００－１３离心鼓风机的结构特点、技术数据、材料选用、检验和试验、性能保证等,该风机在３００ｋｔ／ａ硫磺制酸装置使用证实,设计参数合理,结合可靠,运转平稳,取得了良好的效果。     

计算机模拟吹塑塑料薄膜及演示

阐述了计算机模拟的分类、应用，以及用于计算机模拟的软件工具及其特点和不同的应用范围。对各个软件的优缺点进行了对比，着重模拟了吹塑塑料薄膜过程，并用AucoCAD、Autolisp、3dMAX、Flash等软件制作了实例，用图形生动、形象地展示了塑料成型的过程。     

Investigation of the Physicochemical Properties of Borosilicate Glasses for the Preparation of Glass-Fiber Materials

Borosilicate glasses of two compositions are synthesized and investigated with the aim of preparing glass microspheres from them. Using the Appen and Okhotin additive methods, the physicochemical properties of the glasses and melts are calculated, their crystallization ability and water stability are experimentally studied, their intrinsic temperatures are determined using dilatometry and differential scanning calorimetry, and their TLCE values are obtained.     

减轻环境压力 利用粉煤灰生产肥料

介绍粉煤灰的基本性质,总结目前各种粉煤灰肥料的特点和生产方法,对生产、作用机理进行分析,简单论述粉煤灰肥料的应用方法,并提出应注意的问题.     

生态环境中的含氟有机物

含氟有机化合物具有重要的应用价值,由于大量使用,目前已成为一种普遍的环境污染物。含氟有机物具有高稳定性,被认为是难降解的,且是生物惰性的,但其生物惰性以及对环境的影响还是有争议的。本文综述有关含氟有机化合物对生态环境的污染以及微生物对该类物质的降解与转化。     

Intercalation strategies in clay/polymer hybrids

Layered silicate clays are natural crystallites and are well recognized for their structures and industrial applications, but there are very few reports on their structural confinement properties and on the mechanisms that underlie their polymer interactions. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on clay modification via conventional ion exchange reactions, sol–gel linking, atom transfer radical polymerization, and polymer intercalation. The organic interaction of ionic clays involves different noncovalent bonding forces, such as amido acid five-membered ring chelation, carboxylic acid chelation, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and double-layer hydrophobic alignment in a layered clay confinement. Controlling the organic species, their amounts and their self-assembled conformation in a clay confinement could lead to the tailoring of the silicate platelet interlayer distance and of their organophilic properties.