纳米SiOx对微发泡乳胶材料热延伸性能影响的初步研究

经过对纳米SiOx粒子进行表面改性分散处理后，将其以不同的比例添加到微发泡天然乳胶材料的配方中，按常规方法硫化后，制成微发泡片材样品。参照相应测试标准测试了各组试样的热延伸性能，并对结果进行了对比分析。得出以下结论：纳米SiOx经充分分散后能有效地提高微发泡天然乳胶材料的热延伸性能。     

纳米SiOx改性天然胶乳用表面处理剂的选择

分别以丙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、丙三醇处理纳米SiOx，研究了纳米SiOx在天然乳胶及PVA复合天然乳胶体系中的均匀分散技术；性能测试结果及SEM照片表明：①采用多羟基有机化合物作为表面处理剂，可以使纳米SiOx在胶膜中分散均匀．并有效防止其在体系中的聚集。②多数试样的拉伸强度和撕裂强度均高于添加常规补强剂（白炭黑或炭黑）的试样。③采用一缩二乙二醇作为纳米SiOx表面处理剂的天然乳胶膜，其拉伸强度为59．44MPa，撕裂强度为27．66N／mm，综合力学性能最优，分别比添加白炭黑的试样提高了44．6％和33．2％。     

纳米SiOx/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

以纳米SiOx为改性材料，采用浇铸工艺制备了纳米SiOx／环氧树脂复合材料。探讨了纳米复合材料的分散工艺方法以及不同的纳米SiOx含量对复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明，当纳米材料质量分数为1％时，复合材料的分散效果好，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率提高到3倍，无缺口冲击强度达11．6kJ/m^2，洛氏硬度和耐热性能也有提高。     

纳米级SiOx与硅灰对水泥基材料的复合改性效应研究

用TEM测试评价了纳米级SiOx与硅灰的颗粒形貌，在分别研究纳米级SiOx硅灰的活性和其对水泥基复合材料改性的基础上，将纳米级SiOx与硅灰复合作为高活性的组合料，探索了对水泥基材料的复合改性效应，除进行宏观力学性能测试评价之外，用DTA，XRD和SEM分析了水泥基材料的组成、显微结构。研究表明，纳米级SiOx和硅灰具有很高的活性和表面效应，水泥石基体相的显微结构致密，CSH凝胶交织成致密的网状结构，结构缺陷显著降低。DTA，XRD分析表明，水泥石中Ca(OH)2明显减少，由Ca(OH)2带来的砂浆和混凝土集科界面过渡区的缺陷将大大改善。此外，纳米级SiOx与硅灰复合后对砂浆的力学性能改善效果比水泥净浆更为显著。     

橘子油改性可生物降解聚乳酸性能的研究

采用偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，对聚乳酸与天然植物溶剂橘子油进行自由基聚合，制得发泡材料。实验表明，随着橘子油含量的提高，聚乳酸的力学性能得到了改善。其玻璃化转变温度下降7～8℃，熔融温度向低温方向移动，断裂伸长率提高至240％，拉伸强度由未改性聚乳酸的14．51MPa降低至3．36MPa；结晶度提高至65％；微发泡孔直径约为微米级；降解实验表明改性后的微孔发泡材料仍然具有生物降解性。     

共混复合方式对PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合微孔发泡材料力学性能及发泡质量的影响

采用双螺杆熔融共混法,以5种不同的共混复合方式制备聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT)纳米复合材料母粒.用化学发泡法注塑成型制备PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合微孔发泡材料.探讨了不同共混复合方式对微孔发泡材料力学性能及发泡质量的影响.结果表明:不同的共混复合方式对纳米复合微孔发泡材料的力学性能和发泡质量均有影响.其中先将MMT和PP-g-MAH熔融共混,再与PP熔融共混制备的复合材料进行微孔发泡,其力学性能最优,发泡质量最好.     

填料和增塑剂对CM/EPDM发泡材料性能的影响

以CM/EPDM并用胶为基材制得发泡材料,研究了不同填料和增塑剂对发泡材料性能的影响。结果表明,添加碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙均可制得泡孔均匀、力学性能优良的发泡材料;碳酸钙用量为20～30份且DOP用量为20份时,发泡材料硫化速率和发泡剂分解速率匹配较好,密度小,发泡倍率高,力学性能好;DOP/石蜡油并用且随石蜡油用量的增加,发泡材料发泡倍率提高,密度减小。     

抗菌纳米SiOx粉体应用于PVC试验研究

自制抗菌纳米SiOx粉体添加于聚氯乙烯（PVC）基材制备PVC/SiOx复合抗菌材料,当抗菌纳米SiOx添加量为1 %（质量分数,下同）时,制备的复合抗菌材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率分别达到92 %和89 %。复合抗菌材料具有良好的抗菌长效性且在力学性能上有较大提高,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了66.3 %和124.1 %。抗菌纳米SiOx粉体在PVC中的分散良好。     

天然乳胶的抗老化性能研究

对多孔纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2)和纳米硅粉(Si)进行改性,并与天然乳胶进行共混,通过接触角测量、老化试验、拉力试验和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等实验和测试手段,研究了改性混合粉体的表面性能及对天然乳胶的力学性能和抗老化性能的影响。结果表明,使用十二烷基三甲氧基烷偶联剂(DDES)对Si和SiO_2粉体进行修饰后,当M-Si∶M-SiO_2=4∶6时,加入到乳胶中,复合材料的断裂伸长率和抗老化性能均得到了大幅度的提升,老化前的断面网络更加明显。     

LDPE/EVA鞋底发泡材料的研究

讨论了发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、橡胶(EPDM、NBR)、填料超细碳酸钙(CaCO3)用量对LDPE／EVA发泡材料性能的影响，研制出发泡材料密度及力学性能满足运动鞋中底要求的配方。结果表明：AC用量为6份时，发泡材料密度达到0．078g／cm^3；EPDM有效改善了发泡材料的强度，当EPDM加入15份时，发泡材料密度和力学性能优异；超细CaCO3可以提高LDPE／EVA／NBR发泡材料的强度，当超细CaCO3用量为30份时，发泡材料性能较好。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

船舶柴油机涡轮增压器的清洗

采用喷射清洗剂的方法，清洗涡轮叶片积炭。     

杀虫磺缓释剂杀钉螺试验报告

杀虫磺缓释剂浸杀成螺、幼螺、螺卵效果好，现场应用缓释片６３克／米＾２，半年后活螺平均密度下降９３．２％，春季施药１次，可达到控制当年钉螺的扩散。     

国外过碳酸钠制备方法研究新进展

介绍了国外各有关公司近年来过碳酸钠制备方法研究新进展，包括合成，造粒，包覆等技术改进，研究目的主要在于提高产品在含有合成沸石洗涤剂中的贮存稳定性，并提高产品在水中的溶解速率，以满足用户需要，主要介绍各公司的新专利技术。     

Preparation of regioisomers of structured TAG consisting of one mole of CLA and two moles of caprylic acid

TAG (MLM) with medium-chain FA (MCFA) at the 1,3-positions and long-chain FA (LCFA) at the 2-position, and TAG (LMM) with LCFA at the 1(3)-position and MCFA at 2,3(1)-positions are a pair of TAG regioisomers. Large-scale preparation of the two TAG regioisomers was attempted. A commercially available FFA mixture (FFA-CLA) containing 9-cis, 11-trans (9c, 11t)- and 10t,12c-CLA was selected as LCFA, and caprylic acid (C₈FA) was selected as MCFA. The MLM isomer was synthesized by acidolysis of acyglycerols (AG) containing two CLA isomers with C₈FA: A mixture of AG-CLA/C₈ FA (1∶10, mol/mol) and 4 wt% immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase was agitated at 30°C for 72 h. The ratio of MLM to total AG was 51.1 wt%. Meanwhile, LMM isomer was synthesized by acidolysis of tricaprylin with FFA-CLA: A mixture of tricaprylin/FFA-CLA (1∶2, mol/mol) and 4 wt% immobilized R. miehei lipase was agitated at 30°C for 24 h. The ratio of LMM to total AG was 51.8 wt%. MLM and LMM were purified from 1,968 and 813 g reaction mixtures by stepwise short-path distillation, respectively. Consequently, MLM was purified to 92.3% with 49.1% recovery, and LMM was purified to 93.2% with 52.3% recovery. Regiospecific analyses of MLM and LMM indicated that the 2-positions of MLM and LMM were 95.1 mol% LCFA and 98.3 mol% C₈ FA, respectively. The results showed that a process comprising lipase reaction and short-path distillation is effective for large-scale preparation of high-purity regiospecific TAG isomers.     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

生物酶法合成氰氟草酯过程监测的RP-HPLC分析方法的研究

为实时监控化学-酶法制备氰氟草酯反应过程,建立了一种该体系中氰氟草酯的RP-HPLC的检测方法。采用SymmetryC18柱（5μm,4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm）,以V（甲醇）∶V（水）=80∶20为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为282 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。氰氟草酯在5.0~1000.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数达到0.9999,检出限为1.0 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.58%（n=5）,加标回收率在92.3%~101.5%之间。