硫酸铝改性骨胶的制备及其胶接工艺

以硫酸铝作为骨胶的改性剂,制备出常温呈液态的硫酸铝改性骨胶。采用热失重分析(TGA)法、差示扫描量热(DSC)法、红外光谱(FT-IR)法和扫描电镜(SEM)等对改性前后骨胶的性能进行了检测和表征,并通过正交试验法优选出改性骨胶压制胶合板的最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明:硫酸铝对改性骨胶的热稳定性影响不大;热压温度对改性骨胶胶接强度的影响相对最大,当热压温度为110℃、热压时间为20 min、热压压力为4 MPa和存放时间为48 h时,由该改性骨胶压制而成的胶合板具有相对最大的干态、湿态胶接强度;改性骨胶的耐水性显著增强,其胶膜表面结构规整,胶膜断面转变为海藻状结构。     

高压快速制取骨胶的装备

<正> 本文述及的这套高压快速制取骨胶的装备系根据美国达林公司(DARLING)提供的技术资料编译整理而成。这套装置不同于目前国内各胶厂普遍采用的多次低压蒸料、多道串水的长时间低压蒸胶的提胶工艺,和胶液先经冷凝成型继而进行干燥的复式干燥方法。因此,可供国内各胶厂进行骨胶设备改造或新(扩)建骨胶生产车间时作为借鉴(流程见附图)。     

包装印刷加工用水性纸/塑裱糊胶的制备与应用研究

采用自由基乳液共聚法,合成出三种具有不同玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的共聚乳液(120#、B113#和B306#);然后将三者按不同比例共混,并以此作为裱糊胶的基体树脂,通过添加特种助剂(513#)、消泡剂和防腐剂等制得裱糊胶。探讨了裱糊胶的热力学行为,提出了低温条件下胶层易出现"假粘"或"脱胶翘起"的解决方案。结果表明:当m(120#)∶m(B113#)∶m(B306#)=50∶24.3∶10、m(513#)=2.3 g、m(消泡剂)=0.3 g和m(防腐剂)=0.1 g时,裱糊胶的综合性能较好,其成膜表干速率较快(表干时间<3 min)、开放时间(常温35~40 min,低温22~24 min)较长,初粘力较强、持粘力较好且具有良好的水湿擦去渍性能。     

新型膜胶一体化太阳能电池背板与氟碳涂料

以羟基反应性功能氟材料为主要原料并辅以等离子体表面修饰技术和流延切线涂覆技术得到了一种新型膜胶一体化太阳能电池背板。与传统的多层复膜型背板不同,膜胶一体化背板完全整合了氟膜层和胶层,使之不再有分界面,从而大大降低了背板在应用中出现自身分层（层问剥离）的几率。等离子体表面修饰技术的应用不仅可以显著改进氟层（膜胶整合层）与基材之间的界面情况,增加它们之间的相容性,使膜胶整合层与基材的结合更趋完美、粘接更为牢固,而且还能赋予背板特殊的表面性能,使背板与EVA之间具有长期的绝佳粘接性能。     

明胶在制药和医疗上的应用

<正> 1.明胶的制备明胶是一种纯洁的蛋白质,由胶朊部份水解而得。胶朊的来源是动物的皮和骨料。由于生产明胶的原料不同——如牛皮、小牛皮、猪皮和骨素,以及生产工艺的复杂性,因而使明胶的物理和化学性能差别悬殊。综合生产流程,主要为两种,如图一所示。2.明胶的性能2.1 化学和物理性质从简单的生产流程图可看到,在原则上有两种不同类型的明胶,但这两种不同性能的明胶在德国药典(DAB7,1968)、法国药典(PF8-1965)和英国药典(BP1968)中都没有考虑到。美国药典(USP 18,1970)在这方面是有区别的。在美国药典中,把明胶分为酸法(A 型,等电点在 pH7—9)和碱法(B 型,等电点在 pH4.7—5)两种。     

浇注型聚氨酯弹性体的研制

采用一步法工艺制备了两种浇注型聚氨酯弹性体体系,对胶液的性能及固化后胶层的性能分别进行了测试分析,并与预聚法得到的胶层的性能进行了比较,认为该法制备的浇注型聚氨酯弹性具有优异的综合性能和广阔的应用前景。     

玻璃纤维帘子线绳浸胶液的配方

一种玻璃纤维帘子线绳浸胶液的配方，包括A和B两种组分，其中A组分由一定比例的间苯二酚、甲醛、氢氧化钠和水组成。B组分由一定比例的丁吡胶、氯丁胶、平平加、氢氧化钠和水组成。A、B两组分在一定条件下混合得浸胶液，其对橡胶本体具有较强的粘合力，可使帘子线绳在高强度下仍能与橡胶本体很好的接合并增强帘子线绳的强度。具有配方简单，浸胶过程容易，浸胶液性能较好等的特点。     

200410016006.4玻璃纤维帘子绳线浸胶液的配方

一种玻璃纤维帘子绳线浸胶液的配方，包括A和B两种组分，其中A组分由一定比例的间苯二酚、甲醛、氢氧化钠和水组成。B组分由一定比例的丁吡胶、氯丁胶、平平加、氢氧化钠和水组成。A、B两组分在一定条件下混合得浸胶液，其对橡胶本体具有较强的粘合力，可使帘子线绳在高强度下仍能与橡胶本体很好的接合并增强帘子绳线的强度。具有配方简单，浸胶过程容易，浸胶液性能较好等的特点。     

新型疏水缔合聚合物压裂液破胶性能研究

性能良好的压裂液不仅要求具有良好的流变性能和悬砂性能等,还必须具有良好的破胶水化性能,以提高压裂液的返排率,减少对储层的伤害。该研究以过硫酸铵(APS)作为破胶剂,探讨了疏水缔合聚合物压裂液(SRFG)破胶液粘度随破胶温度、破胶时间和破胶剂浓度的变化规律;研究了破胶液的表面张力随破胶温度和破胶剂浓度的变化规律;最后比较了三种不同聚合物压裂液的破胶性能。结果表明:单一使用过硫酸铵,保持其浓度0.05%和破胶时间0.5~2h不变,SRFG压裂液最低破胶温度为60℃;随着过硫酸铵浓度和破胶温度增加,破胶变得更加彻底,更有利于降低破胶液表面张力;SRFG压裂液与市售A和B聚合物压裂液的破胶性能相当,SRFG压裂液返排效果优于A、B聚合物压裂液。     

工业骨胶脱色工艺条件的研究

氧化法与物理吸附法相结合,以骨胶为原料,过硫酸钠和酸化凹凸棒土为脱色剂,得到浅色的骨胶胶黏剂。研究了m(水)∶m(干骨胶)为1.3∶1时,过硫酸钠质量、酸化凹凸棒土质量、反应温度和反应时间对骨胶色泽的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验得出骨胶脱色的最佳工艺条件为:过硫酸钠质量分数为9.3%,酸化凹凸棒土质量分数为8.0%,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为60 min,经最佳工艺制备的骨胶胶黏剂脱色率为71.13%,稳定性良好,同时骨胶的性能未发生改变。     

明胶溶液浓度对其发泡性能的影响

明胶具有发泡性能,该性能在食品、医药、洗涤、化妆品等行业具有很好的潜在应用价值。明胶浓度对其体系的发泡性能和发泡稳定性产生的影响,将直接影响到其产品的质量和性能。因此,本文采用搅拌法,在60℃水浴条件下,采用100mL明胶溶液,研究了明胶溶液浓度对其发泡性能和泡沫稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:在相同的温度和转速条件下,随着明胶溶液浓度的增加,其发泡量逐渐减少,而泡沫稳定性则越来越好。A型明胶溶液浓度为1%时发泡量最大,最大值为71mL;在浓度为9%时泡沫半衰期为86min,表现出较好的泡沫稳定性。B型明胶溶液浓度为1%时发泡量最大值为52mL;溶液浓度为9%时泡沫半衰期为3min。A型明胶和B型明胶两者相比,A型明胶具有更好的发泡性能及泡沫稳定性。     

Chitosan/gelatin-based bioactive and antibacterial coatings deposited via electrophoretic deposition

The fabrication of biocompatible and antibacterial coatings on metallic implants remains a significant challenge for load-bearing orthopedic implants. This study focuses on the electrophoretic deposition of chitosan/gelatin/Ag-Mn doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ag-Mn MBGNs) composite on the PEEK/bioactive glass layer (called as multi-structured coatings), which had been deposited electrophoretically on 316L stainless steel. The EPD parameters for the deposition of the chitosan/gelatin/Ag-Mn MBGNs coatings were optimized via Taguchi design of experiment approach. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that the chitosan/gelatin/Ag-Mn MBGNS layer was deposited on the PEEK/BG layer. The addition of biologically active metallic ions (Mn and Ag) and molecules (chitosan) showed a strong effect on the growth of bacteria. Moreover, the inclusion of Mn and Ag showed a negligible toxic effect on the bioactivity (the ability of the coating to form a bond with the natural bone) of the coatings. Furthermore, the multi-structured coatings presented appropriate wettability and surface roughness for orthopedic applications. Overall, this study provides a direct solution to improve the bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and surface properties of deposited chitosan/gelatin coatings on orthopedic implants that are more manufacturable and translational from research to an industrial scale.     

电位法测定明胶的还原性

使用电位滴定法测定了30种不同类型的LAG明胶的还原性,并进行了比较。结果表明:不同工艺过程,不同原料所制造的明胶的还原性大不相同。即使是同属于一种类型的惰胶,它们的还原性仍表现出了很大的差别。由于工艺条件的不同,明胶中还原组份的组成和化学本性可以有较大的差别,从而导致明胶的还原性质也会大不相同。这在一定程度上能解释同一类型的惰胶在照相性能上的差别。     

Adhesion measurement of interfaces between gelatin and poly(ethylene terephthalate) using microscratch technique

A microscratch technique was used to evaluate the adhesion between interfaces of a gelatin coating and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film. The interface was reinforced by nitrogen plasma treatment on the PET surface and subsequently by heat treatment of each gelatin/PET sample to promote interactions at the interface. In the microscratch test, a normal load controlled conical stylus with 50‐μm radius tip was drawn over the gelatin coating surface under a continuously increasing normal load until failure occurred in the sample. Optical microscopy and depth profiling of the scratch track were used to detect failure and the failure mechanism. The critical normal load (F_c) was defined as when gelatin detached from the PET substrate or when a complete removal or plowing of the gelatin coating on the PET substrate occurred. With increasing plasma treatment time and heating treatment temperature, the F_c for both debonding and coating removal increased, which showed that both failure mechanisms are related to the adhesion. Different thicknesses of the gelatin coatings were also prepared under the same plasma and heat treatment conditions. It was found that the F_c increased with increasing coating thickness. The result demonstrated that both failure mechanisms depended on the plastic deformation of the coating and substrate. The F_c for coating detachment increased linearly with increasing coating thickness whereas the F_c for coating removal increased sharply with increasing thickness. Annealing temperatures ranging from 20 to 80°C exhibited a strong effect on the F_c, which increased with increasing annealing temperature. These results demonstrate that the microscratch technique can be used to access interfacial adhesion and that the F_c is a qualitative parameter for the evaluation of adhesion strengths. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1960–1974, 2006     

水解明胶对明胶流变性能的影响

明胶是一种大分子,因其优越的理化性质而应用于生活的方方面面。但在实际生产应用中,明胶的高粘度和易结冻的性质可能是需要克服的一大困难。本文考察了在明胶中掺入水解明胶后明胶的流变性能的变化情况,期望能通过此种方法解决明胶粘性强易结冻的问题。     

乳化法明胶亚微米粒子的制备

以A型明胶为原料,石蜡油为油相,采用乳化化学交联方法制备了明胶亚微米粒子. 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了明胶亚微米粒子的形貌和粒径. 研究了影响微球粒径的多种因素,包括明胶溶液浓度、乳化搅拌速度、乳化温度、乳化剂和固化剂. 结果表明,采用戊二醛为固化剂、增加明胶的浓度、提高乳化搅拌速度、使用混合性的乳化剂都有利于降低明胶粒子的粒径. 此外,对制备工艺进行了优化,并在7000 r/min左右高速搅拌的条件下,得到了成球性较好的粒径约为450 nm的明胶亚微米粒子.     

明胶/XNBR复合膜的制备及其性能的研究

采用水溶液共混法制备明胶XNBR复合膜。对该膜制备条件的研究表明:在明胶、XNBR质量分数比为10:1,反应温度70℃,反应时间90min的条件下所得膜的力学性能较好。对明胶/XNBR复合膜和明胶/壳聚糖复合膜进行了对比研究,结果表明,明胶/XNBR复合膜较明胶/壳聚糖复合膜有更好的力学性能。     

明胶纳米颗粒的制备及表征

以B型明胶为原料,戊二醛为交联剂,通过改进的两步去溶剂法制备了较小粒径（约100nm）的明胶纳米颗粒(Gelatin nanoparticles, GNPs);研究了分散体系浓度、去溶剂化试剂、交联剂用量的影响。结果表明：降低明胶在二次分散体系中的浓度,制得的GNPs的尺寸更小且分布均匀。残留的去溶剂化试剂丙酮必须去除,因为它会使GNPs分散性变差。在明胶质量浓度为8 g/L的分散液中,仅用质量分数为4.5%的戊二醛(与明胶质量比)即可制得稳定的GNPs,其粒径为50~150 nm,PDI （polydispersity index）约为0.14,Zeta电位绝对值< 30 mV。AFM和 TEM测试结果表明GNPs呈光滑球形,为边缘部分比核心更为疏松的非均质结构。     

苄叉丙酮和明胶对酸性镀锡层的影响

采用SEM,XRD和赫尔槽等方法研究了苄叉丙酮和明胶对酸性镀锡层形貌、沉积速率和分散能力的影响。当苄叉丙酮的质量浓度较低时,镀层微粒呈柱状,结晶大小极不均匀。随着其质量浓度的增大,镀层形貌向片状转变,且晶粒尺寸显著细化。当明胶的质量浓度较低时,镀层微粒呈片状紧密地吸附在基体表面,导致结晶不太均匀。随着其质量浓度的增大,镀层晶粒进一步细化均匀。随着苄叉丙酮和明胶的质量浓度的增大,镀层沉积速率先增大后减小,适宜的苄叉丙酮和明胶的质量浓度分别为0.01 g/L和1 g/L。在适宜的条件下施镀15 min,所得镀层在(112)晶面择优取向,结晶细致均匀、光滑平整,为半光亮,镀层沉积速率和镀液分散能力分别达到4 341 mg/(dm2.h)和98.08%,可用于印刷线路板酸性镀锡。     

Self-diffusion of water in gelatin gels: 2. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering data

The self-diffusion of water in gelatin gels of different concentrations was studied by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The total self-diffusion coefficients and their components corresponding to the contributions from collective (Lagrange type) and single-particle (Frenckel type) mechanisms of molecular motions were determined. From the data obtained one can conclude that the self-diffusion of free water proceeds by a single-particle mechanism. The growth of a bound water fraction in the system with gelatin leads to the gradual pumping of single-particle diffuse modes into collective modes. Purely collective diffuse modes accompanied by complete retardation of macroscopic water diffusion are observed at relatively low gelatin volume fractions ( 0.4) compared to the expected volume fractions ( 0.7) at which water binding to polymer by hydrogen bonds would lead to the same effect. This is associated with the fact that gels show the microspace effect favourable for the existence of bound water.