导叶式旋风管排尘口处颗粒返混夹带现象

通过数值模拟的方法,研究导叶式旋风管内颗粒返混夹带现象。研究表明,排尘口下方存在明显的灰斗返混现象,颗粒返混质量流率占入口颗粒质量流率的38%,排尘锥内部颗粒返混夹带量占入口颗粒流率的47%;排尘口上方1.1D(D为旋风管直径)范围是主要的二次分离空间,最终影响分离效率的返混颗粒仅占入口颗粒质量流率的2.5%;13 μm以下的返混颗粒会对分离器总效率产生影响,粒径越小,影响作用越明显。     

防返混圆台对旋风分离器性能的影响

针对灰斗的返混现象,研究防返混圆台位置及其底面积对旋风分离器性能的影响。利用有限元软件分析了返混圆台的位置和圆台底面积变化对旋风分离器的速度流场、压降和切割粒径的影响情况。结果表明:防返混圆台位置从高到底,相对应压降逐渐降低,切割粒径逐渐增大;其对筒体段内部流场的切向速度和轴向速度影响较小,但对灰斗内的速度流场影响较大,随防返混圆台底面积逐渐变小,灰斗内的切向速度和轴向速度逐渐变大,相对应压降和切割粒径逐渐减小。增加了防返混圆台,使灰斗内的切向速度和轴向速度都减小,有利于抑制返混现象。     

多效旋风分离器性能的实验研究

多效旋风分离器通过采用2级螺旋管预分离含尘气体、螺旋形顶盖板导流、筒体中心稳流锥稳流和吸气回流系统防止粉尘返混等措施,解决了在旋风流场中分离微米及亚微米级颗粒的难题。文中通过实验研究了直径为0.25 m的多效旋风分离器的压降、分离效率和进口风速的关系,实验物料粒径范围为0.1—23μm,平均粒径为7.59μm。结果表明:在10—14 m/s入口风速时,对0.1—3μm颗粒的分离效率大于90%,对大于5μm颗粒的分离效率接近100%,压降在500—1 000 Pa。风速大于16 m/s时,对0.1—2μm颗粒的分离效率大于75%。     

旋风分离器底部施加直管的气固两相流数值模拟

针对传统旋风分离器"灰斗返混"现象,为提高旋风分离器的分离效率,在旋风分离器底部施加直管,对传统旋风分离器和施加不同直管长度的旋风分离器进行数值模拟.模拟结果表明：施加直管可以有效改善传统旋风分离器的分离效率,但直管长度并非越长越好,直管太长,不仅浪费分离空间,而且分离效率反而有所下降.综合考虑各方面因素,得出直管的最佳长度为0.4 m(两倍筒径).     

双进气道旋风分离器内不同粒径颗粒流动特性

采用改进的RNG k-ε湍流模型和欧拉多相流模型,对一种单入口双进气道旋风分离器内的气固多相紊流过程进行数值模拟。计算得到旋风分离器内不同粒径颗粒速度和浓度分布规律,结果表明:大粒径颗粒比小粒径颗粒轴向速度分布更平坦,切向速度峰值位置和外准自由涡区也越向壁面靠近;与普通单入口旋风分离器相比,相同处理量时,此种旋风分离器内速度和不同粒径颗粒浓度分布轴对称性更好,大粒径颗粒切向速度峰值位置外移更明显,筒体段颗粒有更向壁面浓集的趋势,锥体段不同轴向位置处中心旋流区双进气道的颗粒浓度低于单进气道的。小粒径颗粒捕集能力增强,有助于提高分离器分离效率,减少不稳定流动导致结焦的颗粒源供给,从流动角度保证了抗结焦和长周期稳定操作。     

排尘锥结构对旋风分离器内气固两相分离性能影响的研究

通过数值模拟的方法,采用RSM湍流模型对直切式旋风分离器三种不同排尘锥结构(排尘锥无缝、开对称缝、开阶梯缝)下的气固两相流场进行了研究。研究表明,三种排尘锥结构都可以将粒径大于8μm的返混颗粒再次分离下来;排尘锥开缝起到分流作用,有效改善排尘锥内气相流场分布,降低压降,便于返混颗粒从侧缝排出,提高抗返混能力,减少颗粒在排尘锥内部长时间停滞的机率,减小堵塞下口的可能性;排尘锥开阶梯缝可以减小涡核中心不对称性,明显提高侧缝的排尘能力,有效消弱返混夹带对3μm小颗粒的影响,提高分离器的操作弹性,减少颗粒间的磨损,为排尘锥结构的进一步优化、提高旋风管分离性能提供依据。     

不同数量并联微旋风分离器分离性能影响研究

为了考察不同并联旋风分离器的分离性能,运用计算流体力学(CFD)软件对由不同数量、直径为30mm的微旋风元件构成的并联分离器性能特征进行了数值研究。结果表明,当微旋风元件入口气速一致时,增加微旋风元件数量,虽然各并联分离器对5μm以下、中位粒径3.5μm颗粒的总分离效率基本相同,但对3μm以下颗粒的分级效率有所下降;组合分离器灰斗中排尘管间间距减小,微旋风元件内切向速度分布几乎不变,中心轴向速度下降,排尘管尾端气流更加紊乱;随着微旋风元件数量增加,各组合分离器微旋风元件排尘管段旋流稳定性系数S_v沿轴向逐渐增大,微旋风元件内旋流稳定性变差。     

旋风分离器内颗粒运动规律的数值模拟

采用单颗粒动力学模型计算了旋风分离器内颗粒的运动轨迹。计算结果表明：进入旋风分离器的颗粒绝大多数在环形空间内就被甩向器壁；从入口上部进入的部分较小颗粒由于局部二次流作用而上升形成顶灰环；还有少量颗粒进入下部分离空间。在下部分离空间内，有灰斗返气夹带上来的颗粒，处于内旋流的颗粒则有可能随上升气流而逃逸，所以一定的分离空间高度有利用颗粒的二次再分离。     

旋风分离器内细颗粒浓度分布及运动分析

旋风分离器对5 μm以下颗粒的分离效率有待提高。通过雷诺应力模型和随机轨道模型研究1 μm颗粒在超高旋风分离器内的浓度分布。结果表明细颗粒在上行流和准自由涡的重叠区聚集，形成浓度高峰。分析不同轴向位置和不同时刻的颗粒径向分布，发现其形成机制有二：一是高度与自然旋风长不匹配导致旋涡尾端扫壁，引起大量颗粒返混，然后在内旋流的分离作用下向外移动；二是下行流向心汇聚对细颗粒的裹挟作用。机制一对颗粒浓峰的贡献更大。大部分浓环颗粒在上行过程中会继续外移，汇入下行流后再次经受外旋流的分离作用，少部分颗粒在上行流或短路流的裹挟下逃逸。抑制颗粒返混是改善颗粒浓环的关键，可通过优化高度或增加内购件的方式实现。     

旋流分离-颗粒床耦合气固分离装备旋流场静压分布

针对一种集旋风分离器和内置颗粒床优势于一体的新型耦合气固分离装备在无灰负荷及固定床操作条件入口环形空间、分离空间和灰斗内静压场进行研究。结果表明，静压沿周向为非对称分布，轴向为非均匀分布，径向则呈中心低两侧高分布；且存在着静压分布的降压区(0?~180?，以入口处为0?)和增压区(180?~360?)；装备中心的负压及旋流作用在轴向高度H=6.41D(D为旋风壳体内径)以下对静压的影响不再显著；内置颗粒床外壁附近存在“滞留层”，有利于提高装备的分离性能。根据实验数据给出了静压周向分布和静压轴向分布的经验公式。     

分流型芯管对导叶式旋风管内颗粒逃逸的控制

Experimental and computational fluid dynamics was used in this study to predict the escape particles and evaluate the performance of PSC type cyclone tube with slotted vortex finder.The simulation results showed that the PSC type cyclone tube could remove the particles with a diameter greater than 5 μm.The PSC type cyclone tube increased the grade efficiency of particles with a diameter greater than 2 μm as compared with the Shell type cyclone tube.Short circuit flow occurred around the vortex finder slots and there was almost no short circuit flow under the vortex finder inlet.Most small particles escaped from vortex finder slots of the PSC type cyclone tube.The slotted vortex finder could develop “upwards flow” near the vortex finder inlet outside wall and control the escape particles under the vortex finder inlet.The force analysis of particles near the slotted vortex finder slots showed that gas flow carried the particles with a diameter smaller than 3 μm out the separator.     

Effects of separation space diameter on the performance of a novel reverse flow cyclone

ABSTRACT

A numerical study was carried out to investigate the effect of separation space diameter on the performance of a novel reverse flow tangential inlet cyclone design by using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The design of this cyclone is based on the idea of increasing vortex length and decreasing pressure drop compared with traditional cyclones. This novel cyclone differs from the traditional cyclones with separation space and vortex limiter instead of the conical part. A qualitative numerical study was performed to analyze the effect of separation space diameter on the cyclone performance at different flow rates by evaluating velocity profile, pressure drop, fractional and overall efficiencies. The results show that the collection efficiency of smaller particles increases while pressure drop decreases significantly with the increase in separation space diameter for D₁/D < 0.5.     

Analysis of particle trajectories in a quick-contact cyclone reactor using a discrete phase model

The Eulerian–Lagrangian approach with a discrete phase model (DPM) is used to investigate the motion trajectories of the particles at the range of 1–50 μm in the quick-contact cyclone reactor, in which the cracking reactions and the separations of catalysts and products can occur respectively and simultaneously. The results show that the typical motion trajectories of the particles in the quick-contact cyclone reactor can be described as three types: trapping, escaping and dust ring. The first typical motion of particles corresponds to the particles successfully separated from the gas flow, while the other two types can lead to more coking and erosion in the reactor. Moreover, a pre-vortex flow is observed in the mixing-reaction chamber. Additionally, the grade separation efficiency of each particle size is also obtained by counting the numbers of escaping and capturing particles. The particles with diameter larger than 10 μm are separated completely from the gas. The reactor also has a strong capability to trap the particles of small diameters (5 μm <d_p<10 μm). Both results indicate that the separation efficiency of the reactor has met the requirement as a primary separator. Compared with the experimental results, the separation efficiency in the simulated method is higher than 98% with errors of no more than 1.31%. It is illustrated that separation efficiency of the reactor can be predicted by CFD simulation.     

Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology

A cyclone technology for a vacuum cleaner—axial inlet flow cyclone and the tangential inlet flow cyclone — to collect dusts efficiently and reduce pressure drop has been studied experimentally. The optimal design factors such as dust collection efficiency, pressure drop, and cut-size being the particle size corresponding to the fractional collection efficiency of 50% were investigated. The particle cut-size decreases with reduced inlet area, body diameter, and vortex finder diameter of the cyclone. The tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone has good performance taking into account the low pressure drop of 350 mmAq and the cut-size of 1.5 μm in mass median diameter at the flow rate of 1 m³/min. A vacuum cleaner using tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone shows the potential to be an effective method for collecting dusts generated in the household.     

An Experimental Study of the Performance Factors Affecting Particle Collection Efficiency of the Electrocyclone

An electrocyclone designed with a central discharge wire was built and used to investigate the performance factors affecting its particle collection efficiency by varying the operational conditions and parameters in the particle size range of 0.5 to 10 w m. A voltage of 0 to 9 kV was applied to the discharge wire varying in terms of diameter and length. Two types of vortex finder materials, aluminum and acryl, in three lengths, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 cm, were employed to examine the effects of electrostatic force. An increase in applied voltage and a decrease in wire diameter were found to boost collection efficiency, particularly at low flow rates for small particles. Many small particles induced in the cyclone were collected at the bottom of the cyclone cone and in the vortex finder that was situated close to the discharge wire. It was also found that the aluminum vortex finder yields higher collection efficiency than the acryl vortex finder and that the length of vortex finder plays a more important role in particle collection efficiency of the electrocyclone than that of an ordinary cyclone.     

A correlation between the results of different instruments used to determine the particle size distribution in AC fine test dust

A specific lot of fine-grade test dust manufactured by the AC Spark Plug Division of General Motors, Flint, Michigan, was examined for particle size distribution by different investigators, using different instruments.When a particle volume measuring Coulter Counter? and a particle shadow measuring HIAC?, or Royco?, are calibrated for particle diameter with standard spherical beads, the test particle diameters perceived by the latter instruments are 1.30 times that of the former.A πMC? image analyzer, programmed to read particle diameter as the longest end-to-end distance, sees test dust diameters 1.33 times that seen by the HIAC or Royco and 1.74 times that of the Coulter Counter.These particle—diameter correlations are valid within the πMC diameter range of 8 – 70 μm.The πMC sees more of the smaller particles, 1 – 8 μm, than do the HIAC and Royco, but does not see as many as the Coulter Counter.The results of a SediGraph? X-ray sedimentation apparatus agree with the results of a Coulter Counter over the Stokes diameter range of 0.3 – 80 μm, and over the Coulter diameter range of 0.4 – 70 μm.     

FCC内置式四旋分离系统内气固两相流场的数值研究

通过数值模拟的方法,采用RSM湍流模型对FCC内置式四旋分离系统内气固两相流场进行了研究.研究表明,四旋灰斗底部存在错流,不利于排料;储料罐顶部平衡管泄气有利于四旋排料,但同时增加了颗粒逃逸的概率,降低分离系统效率;分离系统内颗粒运动轨迹包括灰斗捕集、排气管逃逸及平衡管逃逸,控制颗粒在平衡管逃逸可通过在储料罐内添加锥形挡板结构实现;四旋环形空间顶部与灰斗底部锥段颗粒浓度较高,易对四旋内壁产生磨损;内置式四旋分离系统优点在于不存在催化剂跑损问题.