罗丹明B退色法测定血红蛋白

基于血红蛋白对H2O2氧化罗丹明B(RB)体系的催化作用,建立了一种催化退色光度法测定血红蛋白的新方法,探讨了测定血红蛋白的最佳条件和干扰情况。在优化的条件下,血红蛋白浓度在1.0×10-9~1.0×10-7mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,表观摩尔吸收系数为1.7×106L.mol-1.cm-1,方法的检出限为2.76×10-10mol/L。方法灵敏、操作简便,用于尿液中血红蛋白含量的测定,结果满意。     

[Co(Ⅱ)(H2O)6](C4H4O4)·2C6H12N4·4H2O修饰电极电化学催化谷胱苷肽研究

利用气相沉积法研制了基于TiO2凝胶固定化[Co(H2O)6](C4H4O4).2C6H12N4.4H2O(CoL)修饰电极。研究了该修饰电极对谷胱苷肽(GSH)的催化活性,发现在pH 7.5,0.1 mol/L NaAc-HAc的缓冲溶液中,CoL对电氧化GSH浓度之间有较好的线性关系.线性范围为2×10-6~1×10-4mol/L,检测下限为8×10-7mol/L,相对标准偏差为2.0%(cGSH=5×10-6mol/L,n=6)。应用该法测定生物样品中谷胱苷肽的含量并与紫外分光光度法进行对照,结果一致。     

牛血红蛋白催化罗丹明6G褪色光度法测定过氧化氢

基于牛血红蛋白(Hb)具有模拟过氧化氢酶的催化特性,建立了一种催化褪色光度法测定H2O2的新方法.研究了pH值、KI、Hb、罗丹明6G用量及常见离子等因素对体系的影响.在526nm处,H2O2的浓度在9.72×10-7～1.94×10-5mol/L范围内与吸光度降低值呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9923,方法的检出...     

UV/H_2O_2/草酸铁络合物法光降解偶氮染料金橙G的研究

采用UV/H2O2/草酸铁络合物法处理偶氮染料金橙G(OG)废水。结果表明,降解浓度为5×10-5mol.L-1的OG模拟废水的最佳条件为:光照12 min,H2O2、FeSO4和C2H2O4浓度分别为8×10-2mol.L-1、6×10-5mol.L-1和4.2×10-4mol.L-1,此时,OG去除率可达95.1%。UV/H2O2/草酸铁络合物法降解OG的效果优于Fenton法和H2O2/草酸铁络合物法。紫外可见光谱分析表明,.OH破坏了OG的-N=N-和苯环结构。     

Fenton法处理炼油厂废水的特性

采用Fenton法处理炼油厂废水,研究pH、反应时间、H2O2浓度、硫酸亚铁的浓度对炼油废水COD去除率的影响。研究结果表明,Fenton法去除炼油废水的最佳工艺条件为:pH为3,反应时间30min,双氧水浓度为0.125mol/L,硫酸亚铁的浓度0.4mol/L。各因素对去除率的主次顺序为:p H双氧水浓度反应时间硫酸亚铁的浓度。     

Fe/CHI-MWNTs修饰石墨阴极电Fenton氧化4-硝基酚

采用硫酸亚铁溶液浸渍经壳聚糖(CHI)修饰的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)制备Fe/CHI-MWNTs粉末,并与石墨粉、聚四氟乙烯以一定比例混合制成Fe/CHI-MWNTs修饰石墨电极,用作电Fenton体系的阴极氧化降解4-硝基酚,探讨了浸渍FeSO4溶液的含量、反应初始pH、电流密度对电Fenton降解4-硝基酚的影响,同时考察了电极的稳定性。结果表明,用质量浓度10.0g/L的FeSO4溶液浸渍制得的Fe/CHI-MWNTs修饰石墨电极,在4-硝基酚初始质量浓度为100mg/L、初始pH为3.0、电流密度为3.0mA/cm2、电解质Na2SO4浓度为0.05 mol/L、空气曝气体积流量为0.1 m3/h的条件下,60 min时4-硝基酚的去除率达89.98%;在该体系下,90 min阴极产生的H2O2可达148μmol/L,Fe3+质量浓度为1.52 mg/L;电极可重复使用,连续使用810 min后电极的催化活性才逐渐降低。     

马铃薯淀粉废水的综合处理工艺研究

实验以H2O2/Fe2+为氧化剂,与改性膨润土处理马铃薯淀粉废水,并考察了不同浓度H2O2的加入量、FeSO4加入量、pH值、反应时间及膨润土的加入量对COD去除率和脱色率的影响。结果表明,在反应条件为10%H2O2投加量10mL/L,0.1mol/L FeSO4加入量20mL/L,改性膨润土的用量40g/L,pH=4.0,反应时间1h时,COD去除率和脱色率分别达90%和98%。     

Fe2+协同H2O2/O3氧化降解水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

采用Fe2+协同H2O2/O3氧化处理水中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP),研究表明Fe2+的存在消除了H2O2对O3的抑制作用,并使H2O2/O3对DMP的去除率大幅提高了31.75％.DMP质量浓度为50 mg/L、初始pH为10、H2O2投加量为0.049 mol/L、O3投加量为1.82 g/h、Fe2+投加量为0...     

液液萃取-液相色谱法测废水中的氯酚

建立液液萃取-液相色谱法测废水中2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚的方法。对废水样品用硫酸酸化至pH值为2³,用二氯甲烷20 mL分2次萃取,合并有机相,再用10 mL浓度为0.5 mol/L K2CO3分2次萃取,定容后,采用可变波长紫外检测器进行定量分析。结果表明,3种氯酚的最低检出质量浓度为2.63,用二氯甲烷20 mL分2次萃取,合并有机相,再用10 mL浓度为0.5 mol/L K2CO3分2次萃取,定容后,采用可变波长紫外检测器进行定量分析。结果表明,3种氯酚的最低检出质量浓度为2.6³.7μg/L,回收率为88.4%3.7μg/L,回收率为88.4%¹06%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.67%106%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.67%⁴.55%,R2为0.999 74.55%,R2为0.999 7⁰.999 9。该方法所需前处理设备少,操作简单,具有较好的准确度和精密度,适用于废水中2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚的检测。     

超声/Fenton联用技术降解头孢噻肟钠模拟制药废水研究

采用超声/Fenton试剂联合技术对头孢噻肟钠模拟制药废水进行处理,实验证明这种联合技术对有机污染物的降解是有效的。实验条件:c(Fe2 )=14.31×10-5mol/L,c(H2O2)=5.94×10-3mol/L,曝气量为0.05 m3/h;pH=3时,Fenton试剂预处理5 min;pH=12时,超声作用48 min,最后静置2 h,超声/Fenton联合技术作用COD去除率为44.1%,BOD5/COD值可达0.99,为后续生化处理提供有利条件。     

五氯苯酚光催化降解的影响因素分析

研究者对海河流域水质的调查发现,五氯苯酚是检出量最多的持久性有机污染物,因此控制五氯苯酚污染对控制海河持久性有机污染起着非常关键的作用。为此本文对五氯苯酚光催化降解的影响因素进行实验研究和分析,首先对O2、H2O2、K2S2O8三种外加氧化剂在环境、工艺和经济三方面进行比较,研究表明O2（空气）是较好的选择。通过正交实验对光催化降解五氯苯酚的操作条件pH值、流量、光强、催化剂用量进行研究,结果表明,流量对光催化降解五氯苯酚的影响很小;光催化效果随着pH值得增加和光强的增加而增加;催化剂用量对光催化降解五氯苯酚的影响存在峰值。     

Removal of Traces of Pentachlorophenol from Aqueous Acidic Solutions by Solvent Extraction and Solvent Sublation

Abstract

The removal of pentachlorophenol (a hydrophobic compound of low vapor pressure) from aqueous acidic solutions was studied using solvent sublation (a surface chemical technique) and solvent extraction. Both methods gave appreciable removals in highly acidic solutions (pH = 2.5), but solvent sublation had the added advantage of minimal phase contact of the organic solvent with water and increased removals under certain circumstances. Solvent sublation was also found to be more effective than conventional fine bubble aeration. The removal of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was considerably smaller at pH's near the pK_a of PCP. PCP removal by solvent sublation was enhanced by increasing ionic strength and also by the presence of small amounts of an ionic surfactant in the aqueous phase. The technique of solvent sublation was tried on an actual wastewater sample from a wood preserving industry. pH adjustment, removal of suspended solids, addition of sodium chloride, and subsequent solvent sublation into mineral oil reduced the PCP concentration in the aqueous waste by 99.7%.     

铁柱撑膨润土/UV/Fenton催化降解五氯苯酚研究

研究了铁柱撑膨润土/UV/Fenton多相催化氧化降解五氯苯酚(PCP)的行为,探讨了反应过程中溶液初始pH、铁柱撑膨润土投加量、H202浓度等因素对光催化降解的影响.研究表明:在pH=9.0、铁柱撑膨润土投加质量浓度为50.0 mg/L、H202浓度为0.6 mmol/L的条件下,反应80 min后,铁离子质量浓度＜...     

Degradation of pentachlorophenol by an electroenzymatic method using immobilized peroxidase enzyme

In this study, pentachlorophenol (PCP) was degraded by the electroenzymatic method, which combines the enzymatic catalysis and the electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The experiments were conducted in a two-compartment packed-bed reactor using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized electrode. The highest production of H₂O₂ and the current efficiency were observed at −0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The highest initial degradation rate and degradation efficiency of PCP were achieved at pH 5 and 25 °C. Under the conditions, the electrolysis was compared with an electrochemical method. The presence of chloride ion indicates that PCP was dechlorinated at the initial period of degradation. According to the proposed breakdown pathway and the intermediates, the electroenzymatic method showed an improved degradation ability compared to an electrochemical method.     

Electrochemical treatment of pentachlorophenol in water and pulp bleaching effluent

Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) compounds produced during bleaching of pulp are recalcitrant and known to have eco-toxic effect. We have studied the removal of pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a model AOX compound in water as well as in pulp bleaching effluent of a bamboo based mill by electrochemical treatment in batch mode. It was found that 10 mg L⁻¹ of PCP in water was removed almost completely in <10 min at a current density of 6 mA cm⁻² in the presence of 1000 mg L⁻¹ NaCl serving as an electrolyte and source of chloride ions. The initial rate of PCP removal was found to decrease at alkaline pH (9.3) as compared to that at acidic pH (5.5). PCP removal in neutralized raw pulp bleach effluent (containing 1830 mg L⁻¹ of chloride) was very slow and incomplete even after 2 h of electrochemical treatment at a current density of 15 mA cm⁻². Various pretreatments of raw bleach effluent such as, alkaline sulfide using sodium sulfide, alkaline reduction using ferrous sulfate and coagulation using potash alum were evaluated. Electrochemical treatment of potash alum pretreated effluent (spiked with PCP) could achieve >90% removal of initial colour, COD and PCP in <1 h. The treatment scheme presented here may be a promising technology for removal of AOX, COD and colour from pulp bleaching effluent. The estimated cost of combined treatment (potash alum coagulation + electrochemical) is US$ 0.7–0.9 per cubic meter of the raw pulp bleach effluent.     

Flotation Using Microgas Dispersions for the Removal of Pentachlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions

ABSTRACT

Microgas dispersions called colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) were generated using cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants, and were used in an adsorptive bubble flotation process in a semibatch mode to remove pentachlorophenol (PCP) from the aqueous phase. The aqueous solution was maintained at pH values by using buffers. CGAs generated with Tergitol, which is a nonionic surfactant, were found to be the most efficient for the removal of PCP; the efficiency remained nearly independent of pH. In the case of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DDBS), the efficiency of removal improved from 15 to 36% with a change in pH from 10.1 to 3.0. For a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), the removal at pH 10.1 was 81%, which decreased to 68.1% at pH 3.0. The charges on the encapsulating film of CGAs may explain the higher percentage of adsorption of PCP on the CGAs generated using HTAB as compared to CGAs generated using DDBS. For all the surfactants, an increase in concentration improved the removal efficiency. These results were compared with the removal efficiencies using conventional flotation techniques used by other researchers. Solvent sublation appears to be effective in the removal of PCP, but even in the presence of a surfactant it required 300% more air volume per volume of liquid when compared with CGA flotation.     

O_3/H_2O_2法处理印染废水二级出水的试验研究

H2O2协同臭氧氧化实验中,对于初始pH值为6.8的500 mL废水,在臭氧投加量为48 mg,0.1 mL H2O2在反应前加注到反应器的条件下,O3/H2O2工艺的COD cr去除率比臭氧单独氧化提高了7.9%。对于O3/H2O2工艺,其最佳H2O2投加量随废水pH值的增加而减少;一次投加H2O2方式的COD cr去除率在大部分时间内都好于间歇投加H2O2方式。     

Fenton氧化技术处理含甲醛废水的实验研究

采用Fenton试剂对甲醛废水进行氧化处理,考察了H2O2浓度、Fe2＋浓度、pH值、反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。在H202投加量为4．5ml／L,n（H202）：n（Fe2＋）=4,pH值为3,反应30rain后,静置5min的条件下,废水中甲醛去除率和COD去除率分别达到89％、82％。结果表明,Fenton试剂对甲醛废水可以取到很好的处理效果。     

Design and experimental study of immobilized soil bioreactor for in-well biodegradation of pentach rophenol in groundwater

A novel system for in-situ biological treatment of pentachlorophenol in groundwater is proposed in this work. It is based on the concept of soil immobilization, which has already been shown to be very efficient when applied to bioreactor engineering. For this paper, we used immobilized soil to develop a bioreactor system for an in-situ (in-well) biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP). The process was carried out at 9dGC, a temperature typical for groundwater. The volumetric PCP degradation efficiency in the new system was very high – up to 400 mg/(L.h). The effect of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, substrate concentration) on the biodegradation kinetics was studied. The results obtained show that the application of soil immobilization to the in-situ biodegradation of groundwater contaminated with PCP is very promising.     

铁系混凝剂对果绿染料废水的去除效果研究

采用化学混凝剂处理果绿染料废水,探讨了两种混凝剂FeSO4·7H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O的不同投放量和pH值对废水COD和色度的去除率的影响.研究结果表明,两种混凝剂都随着投加量的增加呈现先上升再下降的趋势,FeSO4·7H2O的最佳投放量为0.9g/L,此时,COD和色度去除率分别为77.5%和88.2%;F...