国内甲醇消费市场状况

我国甲醇主要用于甲醛、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、农药、甲基叔丁基醚、醋酸的生产,我国甲醇消费量增长最快的领域将是燃料甲醇、醋酸和甲醛。预计 2005年甲醛对甲醇的需求量为 175万t左右,聚甲醛对甲醇的需求量为 40万t,醋酸需求甲醇为 62万t,甲基叔丁基醚为 46万t左右,甲胺为 30万t,碳酸二甲酯为 11万t,甲烷氯化物为 10万t,甲醇燃料为 80万t,农药为 22万t,对苯二甲酸二甲酯 3 0万t,其他衍生物 27万t。     

Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime-Silica Glasses for Trace Quantities of Several Colorants

Methods for the analysis of soda-lime-silica glasses for trace amounts of CrzO3, COO, NiO, CuO, and selenium are described; the determination of sulfide sulfur in amber glass bottles is also described. The applicable range of these methods is as follows: for Cr₂O₃, 2 to 600 pgm.; for COO, 2 to 20 pgm.; for NiO, 5 to 100 pgm.; for CuO, 5 to 80 pgrn.; for selenium, 5 pgm. (approximate minimum); for sulfide sulfur, 0.005 to 0.10%.     

汽车工业用粘接材料的现状与展望

本文按照汽车制造工序介绍国外汽车工业折边用胶粘剂、点焊胶接用胶粘剂、车身密封胶、车身底涂料、窗玻璃用单组份湿气固化型聚氨酯胶粘剂以及纤维增强树脂用结构胶粘剂等主要胶种的最新技术发展动向。讨论了我国汽车工业用胶粘剂的现状和差距，提出几点建议。     

Determination of Several Valences of Iron, Arsenic and Antimony, and Selenium in Glass

Methods for the analysis of silicate glasses are described for ferrous iron, for tri- and pentavalent arsenic and antimony when present together, and for selenium as Se^2-, Se°, Se⁴⁺, and Se⁶⁺. Analytical results are presented for FeO in the range 0 to 0.25%; for total As and Sb as tri-oxide, 0.1 to 1.25%; and for total Se, 0.05 to 0.25%. Apparatus for the determination of FeO is described, and a comparison is made of analytical data for FeO versus light transmittance at 1000 and at 1050 mμ for the same glass.     

Füllstand- und Durchflußmessung in verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen

Measurement of Level and Flow in Processing Plants The author reviews the processes and systems for the measurement of level. The devices are described for indicating the states ?Full”? and ?Empty”? in the automatic charging and discharging, for continuous measurement in the monitoring of the stores and processes, for measuring systems based on specific properties, such as conductivity and capacity, for electromechanical systems, for non-contact measuring procedures based on sonic and ultrasonic echometry as well as radioactivity, for microwave systems, and for the measurement of aggressive products and substances under high pressures and temperatures, and, in explosion-proof plants. In the measurement of flow, inductive flowmeters of high precision and reliability are used for conducting liquids; corrosion-resistant turbines are used for all products with low viscosity; tooth wheel flowmeter are used for highly viscous materials. The processes for the measurement of level and flow are described in an example for the treatment of waste water.     

少烟三元乙丙橡胶材料研制

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为基体材料，三氧化二锑、十溴苯醚为阻燃剂制备了材料配方，试验了三氧化二锑(Sb22O3)、十溴苯醚(DBDPO))配比对材料烟雾和力学性能的影响，测试了材料的氧指数，可见光的透过率，自熄性等。结果表明，DBDPO与EPDM的相容性比较好，Sb2O3的相容性则相对比较差，两者都可以提高材料的阻燃性能。以4045EPDM橡胶为基体材料，当EPDM100g，白炭黑10g，二硫化四甲基秋兰姆(TMTD)2g，ZnO5g，促进剂M1g，硬脂酸2g，硫磺3g，Sb2O3和DBDPO质量比为20．0／40．0，可以获得具有较好力学性能的少烟EPDM橡胶材料。     

FULLY DEVELOPED LAMINAR FLOW IN A HELICALLY COILED TUBE OF FINITE PITCH

Solutions for steady, fully developed, laminar flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through a helically coiled tube of finite pitch were obtained by finite difference calculations. Prior theoretical solutions have apparently been limited to toroidal flow (with zero pitch). The computed results are consistent with those for this limiting case and with prior experimental data for finite pitch. The behavior for helical coils is intermediate between that for a straight pipe and a torus, and, for a moderate degree of pitch differs only slightly from that for a torus. A correlating equation was developed for the friction factor for all Reynolds numbers, all ratios of coil radius to lube radius and all ratios of pitch to coil radius for which the flow remains laminar.     

光固化医用胶粘剂研究进展

介绍了目前光固化医用胶粘剂的几个应用领域,包括软组织用胶粘剂、齿科用胶粘剂、骨科用胶粘剂以及医疗器械用胶粘剂等,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

Effect of soybean breakage on the quality of soybean oil: Preliminary study

Soybean samples were separated into 4 fractions (whole beans, halves, pieces, and fines) according to physical damage, and all fractions but the fines were analyzed for oil quality. Free fatty acids were found to increase from 0.65% for whole beans to 1.79% for halves, 3.04% for pieces, and 9.46% for fines (by differences). Neutral oil loss of hexane-extracted oil from these fractions was 4.5% for whole beans, 4.62% for halves, and 6.08% for pieces. The results give a measure of the decrease in quality of soybean oil with increasing soybean breakage.     

β-丙内酯含量气相色谱检测方法的建立及其水解情况分析

目的建立检测β-丙内酯(BPL)含量的气相色谱法,并分析其水解情况。方法用气相色谱法检测BPL的含量,确定线性范围及定量限,验证该方法的重复性及专属性,并分析37℃条件下BPL的水解趋势。结果气相色谱法检测BPL含量的线性范围为8.9～566.9ppm,定量限为8.9ppm,重复性和专属性均良好。37℃条件下水解120min,BPL含量下降至初始浓度的19%。结论建立了检测BPL含量的气相色谱法,该方法准确可靠,可用于病毒疫苗生产过程中BPL含量的检测,为病毒灭活工艺验证提供了依据。     

Computation of asymmetric signal extraction filters and mean squared error for ARIMA component models

Abstract.  Standard signal extraction results for both stationary and nonstationary time series are expressed as linear filters applied to the observed series. Computation of the filter weights, and of the corresponding frequency response function, is relevant for studying properties of the filter and of the resulting signal extraction estimates. Methods for doing such computations for symmetric, doubly infinite filters are well established. This study develops an algorithm for computing filter weights for asymmetric, semi-infinite signal extraction filters, including the important case of the concurrent filter (for signal extraction at the current time point). The setting is where the time series components being estimated follow autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) models. The algorithm provides expressions for the asymmetric signal extraction filters as rational polynomial functions of the backshift operator. The filter weights are then readily generated by simple expansion of these expressions, and the corresponding frequency response function is directly evaluated. Recursive expressions are also developed that relate the weights for filters that use successively increasing amounts of data. The results for the filter weights are then used to develop methods for computing mean squared error results for the asymmetric signal extraction estimates.     

Determination of Melting Points,Specific Heat Capacity and Enthalpy of Catfish Visceral Oil During the Purification Process

Changes in melting points, enthalpy, and specific heat capacity of catfish visceral oil at each step of the purification process were studied. Melting points of −46.2 to 21.2 °C for crude oil, −45.9 to 11.5 °C for degummed oil, −44.3 to 11.4 °C for neutralized oil, −47.1 to 9.9 °C for bleached oil and −52.3 to 8.0 °C for deodorized oil were observed. Enthalpy (kJ/kg) was 74.1 for crude oil, 74.7 for degummed oil, 75.1 for neutralized oil, 79.3 for bleached oil, and 84.3 for deodorized oil. The specific heat capacities at 20 °C for crude, degummed, neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils were 1.69, 1.96, 1.97, 1.91, and 1.83 kJ/kg °C, respectively.     

活性艳橙的脱色处理研究

探讨了分别使用粉煤灰和壳聚糖处理活性艳橙模拟废水的效果。结果表明：用粉煤灰吸附处理的工艺条件为室温下振荡2 h、振荡速度200 r/min、吸附剂用量0.01 g/mL、pH值约为7,此时最大脱色率为88%;用壳聚糖吸附处理的工艺条件为室温下振荡2 h、振荡速度200 r/min、吸附剂用量0.000 3 g/mL、pH值约为7,此时脱色率达97%以上。处理后的废水都达到了我国污水综合排放标准中的一级标准。     

Lessons learnt from assembling screening libraries for drug discovery for neglected diseases

To enable the establishment of a drug discovery operation for neglected diseases, out of 2.3 million commercially available compounds 222 552 compounds were selected for an in silico library, 57 438 for a diverse general screening library, and 1 697 compounds for a focused kinase set. Compiling these libraries required a robust strategy for compound selection. Rules for unwanted groups were defined and selection criteria to enrich for lead-like compounds which facilitate straightforward structure-activity relationship exploration were established. Further, a literature and patent review was undertaken to extract key recognition elements of kinase inhibitors ("core fragments") to assemble a focused library for hit discovery for kinases. Computational and experimental characterisation of the general screening library revealed that the selected compounds 1) span a broad range of lead-like space, 2) show a high degree of structural integrity and purity, and 3) demonstrate appropriate solubility for the purposes of biochemical screening. The implications of this study for compound selection, especially in an academic environment with limited resources, are considered.     

Preconcentration of trace elements by adsorption onto a niobium wire for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with a tungsten tube atomizer

In the present work, a new preconcentration method of trace elements by adsorption onto a niobium wire has been developed for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with a tungsten tube atomizer. Detection limits (pg·mL^–1) by this method combined with ETAAS were 45 for bismuth, 7.0 for cadmium, 20 for copper, 1.3 for gold, 36 for lead, 65 for manganese, 9.5 for rhodium and 19 for silver.     

Viscosity prediction for fatty systems

Viscosity data have been measured as a function of temperature for two pure polyunsaturated fatty compounds (linoleic acid and trilinolein), for two multicomponent fatty systems, for a commercial-grade oleic acid (approximately 80% pure), and for canola oil. The measurements were performed in Cannon Fenske glass capillary kinematic viscometers. The contents of a large data bank, containing viscosity data for saturated, monousaturated, and polyunsaturated pure fatty substances, were correlated by an equation based on the number of carbon atoms and double bonds. By using this equation for pure compounds and the UNIMOD group contribution method for mixtures, the viscosity data for model fatty systems, commercial oleic acid, and canola oil were predicted. The good results obtained in the present work indicate that this approach can be a valuable tool for designing or evaluating chemical process equipment for the oil industry.     

丙型肝炎病毒3种标志物的稳定性

目的观察丙型肝炎病毒3种标志物的稳定性。方法用HCV-Ab、RT-PCR及HCV-Ag检测试剂分别检测血清样品中的HCV-Ab、HCV-RNA和HCV-Ag,比较3种标志物在不同温度、不同时间下保存及冻融后的稳定性。结果在2036份血清样品中,共检出HCV-Ab阳性样品85份、HCV-Ag阳性样品51份,HCV-RNA阳性样品12份;HCV-Ab4℃保存14d、-20℃保存3年及冻融5次稳定性良好,阳性率均为100%;HCV-RNA随保存时间的延长,阳性检出率逐步下降,-20℃保存3年后下降至33.33%,冻融后下降至83.33%;HCV-Ag-20℃保存3年后,阳性率下降至68.63%,4℃保存14d和冻融对其无影响。结论3种标志物中,HCV-Ab的稳定性最好,其次是HCV-Ag,HCV-RNA最不稳定。     

国际海事组织(IMO)涂层技术标准动态

详细介绍了国际海事组织(IMO)近年来制定的有关涂层的技术标准,即压载舱涂层性能标准、空舱涂层性能标准、涂层维护修理指南、永久检验通道(PMA)的涂层/防腐要求、油船货油舱涂层性能标准,为执行标准及制定防腐措施提供了依据。     

Peculiarities of Adhesion Interaction of Ag,Cu and Au with Diamond

Wettability tests were performed for Cu, Ag, Au liquid drops on diamond substrates as well as measurements of mechanical contact strength (MCS) between solidified metal drops and diamond. The work of adhesion was calculated using data for metal surface tension and observed contact angles. Cu, Ag, Au (metals of the group I_B of the Periodic Table) show non-monotonic changes of wettability and work of adhesion within their group in the sequence Au → Cu → Ag. The work of adhesion was found to be almost two times higher for Ag than for Cu and almost five times higher for Ag than for Au. Measured mechanical contact strength (MCS) was ～4 times higher, on average, for Ag/diamond samples than for Cu/diamond or Au/diamond samples. Maximum value of the MCS reached ～70 MPa for Ag/diamond samples. Non-monotonic changes of the wettability and work of adhesion observed for the group I_B metals (Cu, Ag, Au) are discussed on the basis of classical London equation for the energy of van der Waals (vdW) bond for two atoms.     

Extraction of rapeseed,linseed, safflowerseed and tobaccoseed with a new laboratory extractor

In this study, extractions of rapeseed, linseed, safflowerseed and tobaccoseed have been conducted with a new extractor which has been developed for the extraction of vegetable tannins and which was later applied to sugar beets and sugar cane. Using the optimal conditions of the new extractor for oilseeds, that is, 315μ particle size and 62 C temperature, technical hexane has been employed, and the variations of the rate and distribution of oil extraction from solid materials have been determined. Optimal extraction periods with the new extractor were found to be 88 min for rapeseed, 90 min for linseed, 118 min for safflowerseed and 90 min for tobaccoseed. The same seeds have been extracted with the Soxhlet extractor for a period of 10 hr. Soxhlet extractor yields compared to Gülbaran yields with the new extractor were found to be only 98.18% for rapeseed, 98.15% for linseed, 97.79% for safflowerseed and 97.39% for tobaccoseed.