铁离子对HPAM溶液粘度的影响

本文在实验室条件下,研究了聚合物驱油生产过程中,Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋及Ｆｅ２＋＋Ｏ２等对ＨＰＡＭ粘度的影响,实验结果表明,在严格控制Ｏ２浓度的情况下,Ｆｅ２＋对ＨＰＡＭ的粘度影响较小,而Ｆｅ３＋对ＨＰＡＭ的粘度变化影响较大,若Ｆｅ２＋与Ｏ２共同作用,则对ＨＰＡＭ粘度影响更严重。因此,对ＨＰＡＭ粘度变化的研究,可为油田高采收率提供理论依据。     

二（2—乙基己基）磷酸萃取L—异亮氨酸的研究

以二（２－乙基己基）磷酸（Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ）－正辛烷及Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ－正辛醇萃取Ｌ－异亮氨酸为对象,研究了Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ浓度、Ｌ－异亮氨酸初始浓度以及ｐＨ值对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。结果表明,在实验研究涉及的ｐＨ值范围内,分配系数先随ｐＨ的增加而增大,在３．５〈ｐＨ〈５区域,ｐＨ值对分配系数的影响较小。分配系数还随Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ浓度的增加而增大。正辛醇加入有机相,萃取分配系数增大。Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ与Ｌ－异亮氨酸     

AA／AMPS／HPA共聚物的合成及性能评定

介绍了丙烯酸（ＡＡ）－２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）－丙烯酸羟丙酯（ＨＰＡ）三元共聚物的合成方法,并对其阻垢缓蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,ＡＡ／ＡＭＰＳ／ＨＰＡ共聚物具有优良的阻垢缓蚀性能,是一种具有发展前途的新型高效水质稳定剂。     

巴斯夫公司将购并AHP公司一下属企业

德国巴斯夫公司 (ＢＡＳＦ)计划购并美国家庭用品公司 (ＡＨＰ)属下的氰氨生产企业 ,以加强ＢＡＳＦ公司在农业化学方面的业务 ,并能使ＡＨＰ公司致力于发展杀虫剂。ＢＡＳＦ公司计划以３８亿美元购并美国家庭用品公司 (ＡＨＰ)的氰氨生产企业 ,这将拓宽这家德国化工联合企业在主要市场的农药产品范围 ,包括北美、南美和欧洲市场。这项交易将使ＢＡＳＦ公司获得额外的收益 ,并能使ＡＨＰ公司脱离农业业务。业界人士认为 ,通过购并 ,ＢＡＳＦ公司在杀虫剂市场将会获得更大的份额巴斯夫公司将购并AHP公司一下属企业     

A_3钢在三元复合驱体系中的腐蚀行为研究

通过５０℃静态挂片、动态滚轮实验,对Ａ３钢在用模拟油田污水配制的含部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）、石油磺酸钠（ＲＳ）和ＮａＯＨ的单组分,二元复合组分和三元复合组分中的腐蚀行为,进行了研究和比较,发现ＨＰＡＭ、ＲＳ、ＮａＯＨ在此特定体系中对Ａ３钢有缓蚀作用。通过极化曲线法,对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺和表面活性剂的腐蚀机理,作了初步探讨,结果表明ＲＳ及ＨＰＡＭ在模拟油田污水中,对Ａ３钢的缓蚀是通过抑制其阴极过程而达到的。     

A3钢在三元复合驱体系中的腐蚀行为研究

通过５０℃静态挂片,动态滚轮实验,对Ａ３钢在用模拟油田污水配制的含部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）,石油磺酸钠（ＲＳ）和ＮａＯＨ的单组分,二元复合组分和三元复合组分中的腐蚀行为,进行了研究和比较,发现ＨＰＡＭ,ＲＳ,ＮａＯＨ在此特定体系中对Ａ３钢有缓蚀作用,通过极化曲线法,对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺和表面活性剂的腐蚀机理,作了初步探讨,结果表明ＲＳ及ＨＰＡＭ在模拟油田污水中,对Ａ３钢的缓蚀是通过抑制其阴极     

聚电解质对磷酸钙垢抑制能力研究

采用比较研究的方法，探讨了ＡＡ·ＨＰＡ，ＡＡ·ＡＥＳ、ＭＡ·ＡＡ及ＰＡＡ四种聚电解质在不同浓度，ＰＨ值、Ｃａ＾２＋浓度、ＰＯ４＾３－浓度、温度及恒温时间对聚电聚质阻垢率的影响。研究结果表明，ＡＡ·ＨＰＡ和ＡＡ·ＡＥＳ共聚物具有良好的的阻磷酸钙垢性能、增加聚电解质中羟基含量将降低阻磷酸钙垢的效果。     

改善HPVC／PP共混物的相容性

分别采用ＣＰＥ、ＡＢＳ、ＰＰｇＭＡ、ＰＰｇＰＡＡ和低分子量反应性化合物作相容剂来改善ＨＰＶＣ／ＰＰ共混物的相容性。结果表明：用它们作相容剂可以提高ＨＰＶＣ／ＰＰ共混物的力学性能，改变其形态结构，减小分散相尺寸，改善相容性。其中ＣＰＥ是最佳相容剂。     

双组分聚丙烯酸氨酯性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）、丙烯酸－β－羟丙酯（ＨＰＡ）、巯基乙醇等原料制备了聚丙烯酸酯多元醇溶液（甲组分），并与ＴＤＩ／ＴＭＰ加成物溶液（乙组分）组成了双组分树脂。通过拉伸强度及溶胀率测试，讨论了不同乙组分用量、多元醇中ＭＭＡ及ＨＰＡ含量对膜性能的影响。结果表明，通过选择合适的配方，膜的机械强度及耐溶剂性能达到最佳。这些性能主要与膜的交关联密度有关。     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯的性能及影响因素

以高聚合度聚氨乙烯（ＨＰ－４０００）对研究对象,探讨了不同聚合度,增塑剂,填料,改性剂及加工温度对体系力学性能的影响,并介绍了加工性能改良剂ＫＡＮＥ ＡＣＥ ＰＡ－２０的应用效果。     

Synthesis of microsphere aluminum hypophosphite and its application in polyurethane elastomer

Microsphere aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) is prepared via the hydrothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Then the hydrothermal AHP and the precipitation AHP are added to the polyurethane elastomer (PUE). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the PUE with different kinds of AHP added are studied. The results show that the hydrothermal AHP is microsphere with a uniform particle size of around 5 µm. The limited oxygen index of the PUE with the addition of 5% hydrothermal AHP increases to 28.5 vol %. Compared with the PUE including different kinds of AHP, the peak heat release rate of added hydrothermal AHP decreases by about 6%. Hydrothermal AHP could improve the char yield which provides better flame retardancy for PUE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal AHP‐added PUE has better mechanical properties than that with precipitation AHP added. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42370.     

Synergistic effects of aluminium hypophosphite on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviours of a novel intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic vulcanisate composite

ABSTRACT

The synergistic effects of aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) on the flame retardancy, thermal degradation behaviors of a novel intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV/IFR) composite were investigated. The results showed that the combination of AHP with IFR showed evident synergistic effects on the increase in the LOI value and reduction of the combustion parameters for the TPV/IFR/AHP composites at the optimum weight ratio of IFR/AHP (6/1) as evidenced by LOI, UL-94 and CCT. The TGA data revealed that AHP could change the degradation behavior of TPV/IFR composites and enhance the thermal stability of the TPV/IFR composites at high temperature. The results of FTIR, EDXS, LRS and SEM demonstrated that TPV/IFR/AHP composites could form more continuous, dense and stable char layer on the materials surface, and consequently improving the flame retardancy. Based on these results, the possible condensed flame retardant mechanism of TPV/IFR/AHP composites was concluded in detail.     

Preparation and characterization of aluminum hypophosphite/reduced graphene oxide hybrid material as a flame retardant additive for PBT

Aluminum hypophosphite/reduced graphene oxide (AHP/RGO) hybrid flame retardant with high thermal stability was successfully prepared by a one‐step method consisting of the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and the deposition of AHP on graphene. The as‐prepared sample was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The obtained sample was used as a flame retardant for polybutylene terephthalate, and the flame retardancy of the composites was investigated by a limiting oxygen index test, a UL‐94 test, and cone calorimetry. The results showed that AHP/RGO exhibited improved flame retardancy when compared with bare AHP. The addition of AHP/RGO to polybutylene terephthalate led to a significant reduction in the heat release rate and resulted in excellent anti‐dripping properties for the composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flame‐retardant and thermal degradation mechanism of low‐density polyethylene modified with aluminum hypophosphite and microencapsulated red phosphorus

Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP), a novel flame retardant, was used to improve the flame retardancy of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) with microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP). The synergistic effect between MRP and AHP was investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), and thermogravimetric analysis. When the contents of MRP and AHP were 10 and 30 phr, the LOI of LDPE/10MRP/30AHP composite was 25.5%, and it passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating (the number before “MRP” and “AHP” is the loading of MRP and AHP, In LDPE/10MRP/30AHP, the content of the LDPE, MRP and AHP is 100phr, 10phr and 30phr, where phr refers to parts per hundreds of resin). The results of cone calorimetry testing show that the heat release rate of the composites was significantly reduced, and the strength of the char layer improved when the loading of AHP increased. The thermal stability of the LDPE/10MRP/30AHP composite was enhanced. The structure of the char was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectrometry. The results indicate that AHP promoted the formation of stable char. This research provided a good way to prepare flame‐retardant materials with a halogen‐free flame retardant and contributed to environmental protection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43225.     

Improved flame retardancy and ceramifiable properties of PE composites by the combination of aluminum hypophosphite and zinc borate

Ceramifiable polyolefin materials protect circuits by forming compact ceramic layers under fire conditions, and can have an excellent application prospect in the refractory cable field. In this paper, Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) and zinc borate (ZB) were added to further improve flame retardancy and ceramifiable properties of polyethylene (PE)/silicon powder (SP)/wollastonite (WS)/glass frits (GF) composites. The LOI values of composites with AHP/ZB can reach 23.5%, significantly higher than that of PE/SP/WS/GF composites (19.6%). The thermal stability behavior and char yield behaviors of composites could also be characterized by the TG test. The incorporation of AHP/ZB enhances the flexural strength of residue formed at 1000°C from 0.1 to 20.5 MPa. In addition, a new crystal is formed at high temperatures and is identified as the calcium aluminum phosphate phase [CAP, Ca₉Al (PO₄)₇] by XRD analysis. The flow of molten ZB accelerates the reaction of AHP and WS, and this eutectic reaction promotes the formation and stability of ceramics. Furthermore, the SEM analysis reveals the fluxing effect of ZB at low temperatures and AHP at high temperatures. The incorporation of AHP/ZB with a ratio of 1:1 could effectively avoid the vitrification of ceramics and improve their dimensional stability.     

运用层次分析法对化学产品的环境经济性能集成评价

With the increasing public consciousness on environmental issues, chemical products and process designs require simultaneous satisfaction and compromise of environmental and economical requirements. To fulfill the two conflicting while complementary objectives, a systematic approach for life cycle design of a chemical product is proposed in this article. Multiattribute decision-making is adopted in a trade-off consideration of both technical economical evaluation and environmental impacts assessment using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） approach. On the basis of an evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria multicriteria decision making is performed. In this study, an AHP model is used to derive single a criteria score by analyzing the environmental impact and life cycle cost of a product, respectively. And a fluctuant weight analysis is put forth to calculate the integrated index of the product to enable products to be ranked or selected intuitionally and conveniently. The proposed AHP model has been applied to a case study, a comparative study on chamber cleaning with NF3 and C2F6. The resuits show that the protposed AHP model is Capable of providing a rational and relevant evaluation.     

工业环保与节能的有效手段吸收式热泵技术

吸收式热泵技术兼顾环保与节能 ,很有发展潜力。扼要阐述了两类吸收式热泵的原理 ,并介绍了新工质的开发、吸收循环的改进、模拟与优化等方面的进展以及工业应用情况 ,分析制约吸收式热泵技术工业应用的技术、经济、应用环境等方面的原因 ,提出未来应进行的工作     

Flame retardant finishing of cotton fleece fabric. II. Inorganic phosphorus‐containing compounds

Cotton fleece is not able to meet the federal flammability standard for general apparels (CFR 1610) without flame retardant treatment. Consequently, cotton fleece is not available in the market in spite of high demands. In our previous research, we studied the application of a hydroxyl‐functional organophosphorus oligomer as a flame retardant finishing agent for cotton fleece. In this research, we investigated the use of aluminum hydroxyphosphate (AHP) formed in situ on cotton by the reaction of aluminum sulfate and sodium phosphates to reduce the flammability of cotton fleece. We found that the AHP formed on cotton is effective in reducing the cotton fleece's flammability from “Class 3” to “Class 1.” Elemental analysis of aluminum and phosphorus in the AHP shows that the mole ratio of Al/P changes as the pH value of the sodium phosphates solution changes. The pH of the sodium phosphate solutions also affect the quantity of AHP formed on the cotton fleece. The treated cotton fleece retains “Class 1” flammability after one home laundering or the combination of dry‐cleaning and hand washing procedures. The treatment increases the whiteness of the cotton fleece whereas it reduces its bursting strength. The cotton fleece thus treated is also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite on flame‐retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foam

A series of flame retarding rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites based on expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) were prepared by the one‐pot method. The properties were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), real‐time Fourier transform‐infrared spectra (RT‐FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. The results indicate that both EG and AHP could enhance the flame retardency of RPUF composites. Besides, the flame retardant effect of EG was better than that of AHP. The results also show that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the flame retardency of RPUF, and EG and AHP presented an excellent synergistic effect on flame retardancy. What is more, compared with RPUF/20EG and RPUF/20AHP, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of RPUF/15EG/5AHP were lower.TGA results indicate that partial substitution of EG with AHP could improve the char residue which provided better flame retardancy for RPUF composites. The thermal degradation process of RPUF composites and the chemical component of the char residue were investigated by RT‐FT‐IR and XPS. And the results prove that RPUF/15EG/5AHP had higher heat resistance in the later stage. Compared with the RPUF composites filled with EG, a better cell structure and mechanical properties were observed with the substitution of AHP for part of EG. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42842.     

次磷酸铝添加量对碱木质素基聚氨酯 泡沫阻燃性能的影响

利用精制后的碱木质素部分代替聚醚多元醇制备碱木质素基聚氨酯泡沫材料(PUF/木质素)。将次磷酸铝(AHP)作为阻燃剂添加到材料中制备PUF/木质素/AHP材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试PUF/木质素/AHP材料的阻燃性能,通过热重分析(TG)研究了材料的热降解行为和成炭性能,通过锥形量热(CONE)测试和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究了PUF/木质素/AHP材料的燃烧行为和残炭的表面形貌。结果表明：当碱木质素添加量为聚醚多元醇的5%、AHP的添加量为30%时,PUF/5%木质素/30%AHP材料的LOI值达到了25.6%,同时降低了材料的热分解速率和热释放量,促进了材料的成炭。当AHP受热分解时,产生的PO自由基会捕捉材料燃烧时产生的氢氧自由基,从而抑制燃烧反应,同时产生磷酸铝和焦磷酸铝,形成致密的炭层阻隔物质和能量的传递,阻止材料进一步燃烧,从而提高材料的阻燃性能。