三元复合驱中原油乳化作用研究

通过乳状液稳定实验考察了大庆油田碱-表面活性剂-聚合物三元复合驱过程乳状液的形成机理、乳状液类型及稳定性。结果表明,大庆原油与碱反应1d时,测得其浓相体积分数为25%,所形成的乳状液为O/W型乳状液,而随着原油与碱作用时间的增加,其浓相体积分数达到40%以上,形成W/O型乳状液,且乳状液稳定性随作用时间增加而增强。大庆原油与水溶性表面活性剂ORS-41溶液作用时,所形成的乳状液为O/W型,且乳状液的稳定性与原油和ORS-41作用时间的长短关系较小。原油与NaOH和ORS-41混合溶液作用时,形成上层为W/O型乳状液,下层为O/W型乳状液的混合体系。     

固体颗粒对油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性的影响

采用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪,研究了固体颗粒对胜利原油油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,固体颗粒的存在使得油水界面张力及界面剪切粘度增加,O/W型乳状液的稳定性增加,而且随固体颗粒浓度增加,乳状液稳定性增强;在0.21~500μm范围内,固体颗粒粒径减小,其与原油形成的O/W乳状液稳定性增强,乳状液内部油珠表面Zeta电位负值增加。     

HPAM对孤岛原油及沥青质油水界面特性影响的研究

用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪测定了孤岛原油及沥青质模型油的界面特性,研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)浓度对这些界面特性的影响。结果表明,加入HPAM会使孤岛原油模型油及沥青质模型油与模拟水间的界面张力上升,但随着HPAM浓度增加,界面张力基本保持不变。当水溶液中HPAM的质量浓度大于5.0mg/L时,孤岛原油模型油及沥青质模型油与模拟水的界面剪切粘度随HPAM浓度增大明显增加,随着体系老化时间从1h增加到12h,其界面剪切粘度也有所增加。另外,HPAM还使得原油及沥青质模型油与模拟水体系所形成的O/W型乳状液的油珠表面Zeta电位变大。     

破乳剂浓度对聚合物驱原油乳状液破乳及界面性质影响

研究了嵌段聚醚型破乳剂对孤岛原油乳状液破乳和油水界面性质的影响。实验结果表明,对于三嵌段聚醚类破乳剂来说,破乳剂浓度在0~100 mg/L时,随着破乳剂浓度的增加,孤岛原油所形成的乳状液分水率增加,乳状液稳定性降低,破乳剂浓度继续增加,原油乳状液的分水率有所降低。而原油与含聚合物的水溶液间的界面张力随破乳剂浓度增加逐渐降低,界面剪切粘度有一最小值。界面张力及界面剪切粘度降低是乳状液稳定性降低与分水率增加的主要原因。     

胜利坨-聚合物驱采出液油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性研究

用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪测定了胜利坨-原油模拟油与采出水间的界面特性,并研究了聚合物3530S浓度对这些界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,由于采出水中含有固体悬浮物,使得过滤后采出水与原油模拟油间的界面张力和界面剪切粘度降低;模拟水中加入聚合物后,模拟水与原油模拟油间的界面张力和界面剪切粘度及油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值均增大,原油与含聚合物溶液的模拟水间所形成的W／O乳状液稳定性随聚合物浓度增加先增强后减弱,存在一个使乳状液最稳定的聚合物浓度。     

胜利坨一聚合物驱采出液油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性研究

用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪测定了胜利坨一原油模拟油与采出水间的界面特性,并研究了聚合物3530S浓度对这些界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,由于采出水中含有固体悬浮物,使得过滤后采出水与原油模拟油间的界面张力和界面剪切粘度降低;模拟水中加入聚合物后,模拟水与原油模拟油间的界面张力和界面剪切粘度及油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值均增大,原油与含聚合物溶液的模拟水间所形成的W/O乳状液稳定性随聚合物浓度增加先增强后减弱,存在一个使乳状液最稳定的聚合物浓度。     

胜利原油乳状液中固体颗粒特性及其脱除技术

随着我国原油储量逐渐减少,原油开采技术逐渐成熟,在开采过程中乳状液所含的固体微粒随之增加。以胜利油田滨南采油区块682原油乳状液为研究对象,应用显微镜、纳米粒度仪和光谱分析仪,表征胜利乳状液中固体颗粒的特征,揭示原油乳状液中固体颗粒形成机制和物理特性。此外,根据分析结果,将乳状液脱除固体微粒的离心法,与复配脱固乳状液相结合,研究了高效固体颗粒脱除技术。     

两种聚合物表面活性剂与渤海B油田原油乳化性能研究

以渤海B油田脱水原油与煤油的混合模拟油为油相,以聚合物表面活性剂(简称聚表剂)JBJ-1、JBJ-2或普通聚合物Pn溶液为水相,研究水油体积比为8:2时形成的乳状液的稳定性能。结果表明,模拟油和聚表剂溶液形成的乳状液较稳定,黏度不是影响乳状液稳定的主要因素。同时考察了聚表剂质量浓度和水油体积比对乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,聚表剂质量浓度越大,乳状液越稳定;当JBJ-1质量浓度为0.2 g/L或JBJ-2质量浓度为0.2和0.4 g/L时,随着水油体积比的增加乳状液稳定性降低;在较高质量浓度(ρ(JBJ-1)0.2 g/L或ρ(JBJ-2)0.4 g/L)时,随着水油体积比的增加乳状液稳定性变好,破乳时间延迟,最大析水率增加。     

原油乳状液的稳定性及新型破乳剂的研究

介绍了原油乳状液的形成条件,分析了原油乳状液中的天然乳化剂,如沥青质、胶质、石蜡及固体黏性颗粒对乳状液稳定性的影响,概括了破乳剂的破乳机理及几种研究应用较多的新型破乳剂.     

甜菜碱复配体系与新疆原油乳状液稳定性研究

本文通过析水率实验、TURBISCANLAB稳定分析仪对甜菜碱复配体系与新疆原油乳状液稳定性进行研究。研究表明:在剪切速率,剪切时间一定的条件下原油乳状液体系稳定性随着甜菜碱表面活性剂浓度的增加而增强;一定条件下原油乳状液体系稳定性随着聚合物浓度的增加而增强;原油乳状液体系稳定性随着体系含水率增加先增强后减弱,当体系含水率达到40%时,形成的原油乳状液稳定性最好;研究过程中发现,乳状液析水率情况与样品背散射光变化具有一致性。     

石油磺酸盐对原油界面性质及其乳状液稳定性的影响

The influence of petroleum sulphonate （TRS） on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension （IFT） and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution. The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.     

A new concentrated emulsion polymerization pathway

To ensure the stability of the concentrated emulsions that are employed as precursors for polymerization, a two-step concentrated emulsion polymerization pathway is described. In the first step, the monomer is partially polymerized by heating at 50°C until a certain conversion is reached. Subsequently, the partially polymerized monomer is used as the dispersed phase to prepare a concentrated emulsion in which water constitutes the continuous phase. The concentrated emulsion has a large volume fraction of the dispersed phase (0.74–0.99) and the appearance of a gel. Several typical monomers are employed to correlate the stability of the concentrated emulsion and the extent of partial polymerization of the dispersed phase. It was found that monomers, which cannot lead to stable concentrated emulsions, can generate them after partial polymerization. Subsequent polymerization of the concentrated emulsion leads to latex particles. Copolymers and polymer composites were also prepared by the two-step procedure. In the latter case, water was replaced with a solution of a hydrophilic monomer in water as the continuous phase. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

稠油包水乳状液的表观黏度

以渤海SZ36-1稠油、矿化水为工质配制了2组不同液滴直径的W/O型乳状液,研究了温度、含水率、剪切率和液滴直径对乳状液黏度的影响。结果表明,温度对乳状液表观黏度的影响非常明显,而对相对黏度的影响却较小;同时含水率、剪切率和液滴直径也是影响乳状液黏度的重要因素,低含水率下,剪切率、液滴直径对黏度的影响不明显,而当含水率较高时,剪切率、液滴直径的影响非常突出,乳状液呈现出强烈的剪切稀释特性。利用国内外现有的一些黏度模型对实验获得的黏度数据进行了预测分析,发现Brinkman(1952)模型具有较好的预测精度。     

The effect of monoethylene glycol on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions

It is important from both a strategic and economic standpoint to study the mechanism of formation of water/oil emulsions, to predict their increase of viscosity with respect to that of the crude oil, and to obtain information about the stability vs separation of these substances (since their presence can impair oil processing and distribution). The objective of this work was to ascertain the influence of monoethylene glycol (MEG) on these parameters and its action mechanism. The addition of MEG in different proportions in the oil emulsions significantly changed the flow curve of the emulsion, passing from a quasi-Newtonian one to a shear thinning behaviour. Besides this, when MEG was present at low concentrations, the demulsification process was slow and an increase in concentration made the emulsions more stable than samples containing the same aqueous phase proportion. Under the conditions studied, the addition of MEG did not reduce the quantity of the aqueous phase separated compared to the emulsions free of MEG, but significantly delayed the demulsification process. Rheology provided important information regarding the phase separation process of the aqueous phase in oil phase emulsions, and dynamic testing suggested that the most relevant effect of the addition of MEG is an increase of the emulsion elasticity that can be correlated with the increase in the emulsion stability observed by bottle test and Turbiscan.     

Physico-chemical properties of heavy crude oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by mixtures of ionic and non-ionic ethoxylated nonylphenol surfactants and medium chain alcohols

This work describes the formulation and evaluation of concentrated, heavy oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by mixtures of ethoxylated surfactants and normal alcohols. The rheology, stability and droplet size of these emulsions were investigated as functions of the emulsification process parameters. The parameters investigated for this study include emulsifier agent composition, presence of additives, pH and salinity of the continuous aqueous phase, emulsification temperature, oil content and emulsion aging. The produced emulsions had viscosities ranging from 30 to 150 mPa s and represent a 30-fold reduction of the crude oil viscosity. Sauter mean diameters of the droplets ranged from 10 to 50 μm. The emulsions were produced by mixing the oil with an aqueous solution containing medium normal-chain alcohols and small quantities of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol and ethoxylated amine surfactants. The presence of these alcohols led to a sharp decrease in the droplet size of the emulsion. This size decrease had a direct impact on the emulsions’ stability and apparent viscosity. The rheological parameters of the aged emulsions were also essentially constant over a 42-day period.     

Concentrated emulsions pathways to polymer blending

A new method of preparation of polymer composites involving the concentrated emulsion polymerization is described. In this kind of emulsion, the volume fraction of the dispersed phase is very large (as large as 0.99), while the volume fraction of the continuous phase is very small. In the present case, a monomer containing an appropriate initiator constitutes the dispersed phase and a dilute solution of surfactant in water constitutes the continuous phase. In a first step, two such concentrated emulsions containing different monomers were prepared and each of them was subjected to heating at 40°C for partial polymerization. Subsequently, the two partially polymerized systems were mechanically mixed, and the mixture was subjected to additional polymerization, drying, and sintering by heating at various temperatures for various time intervals. Partially polymerized concentrated emulsions of polystyrene, poly(buthyl methacrylate), poly(buthyl acrylate), and cross linked polystyrene, whose conversions were less than 5%, were employed. Conversions higher than 5% led to large increases in the viscosity of the concentrated emulsions, making their mixing difficult. N.m.r. spectroscopy was used to obtain information about the extent of copolymerization between the two monomers. Electron microscopy examination of the surfaces obtained by the fracture of the composites revealed that the latex particles aggregated with relatively slight changes in size and shape.     

玉米油W1/O/W2型多重乳状液稳定性的研究

高脂食品严重危害着人类健康,这引起人们对低脂食品的的不断追求,因此脂肪替代品的开发越来越受到人们重视。本试验以玉米油和生物高聚物为主要原料通过两步乳化法制备W1/O/W2多重乳状液作为脂肪替代品(FS),以离心稳定性为衡量标准,用显微镜直接观察,探讨了初复乳乳化工艺、各相相对体积比对玉米油W1/O/W2型多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响。结果表明:1.影响玉米油多重乳状液稳定性的主要因素有:复乳的乳化工艺,内水相与油相体积之比等。2.两步乳化工艺中第二步乳化工艺对复乳稳定性影响较大,其规律是随着乳化强度的提高,粒径减小,稳定性呈上升趋势,适宜的乳化条件为7200 r.min.1,13 min,而第一步乳化工艺对复乳稳定性几乎没有影响。3.内水相与油相、初乳与外水相均是影响复乳稳定性的主要因素,前者主要是依靠改变初乳黏度来影响复乳稳定性,后者主要是乳滴间范德华力与电排斥力共同作用的结果,适宜的体积比分别为1:4和1:1。