POSS/硅橡胶复合材料的结构和加工性能研究

采用熔体共混法制备了笼型硅氧烷齐聚物(POSS)/硅橡胶复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪和电子显微镜对复合材料中的POSS分散情况进行了观察,结果表明,熔体共混后,一部分POSS以分子水平分散在硅橡胶中,另一部分POSS则由于自组织结晶以微米颗粒分散在硅橡胶中.采用橡胶加工分析仪对复合材料的加工性能进行了表征,结果表明,某些情况下POSS对硅橡胶产生了增塑效应.POSS对硅橡胶的增强效应、增塑效应取决于其分散结构.     

笼状硅氧烷/硅橡胶复合材料的非等温结晶性能

采用溶液共混法制备了笼状硅氧烷低聚物(POSS)/硅橡胶复合材料,用差示扫描量热仪在不同降温速率下研究了POSS/硅橡胶复合材料的非等温结晶性能,考察了POSS质量分数分别为5%(试样P5)、10%(试样P10)和30%(试样P30)时对复合材料非等温结晶参数和活化能的影响,并选用Ozawa及Ozawa-Avrami联合法对POSS/硅橡胶的非等温结晶性能进行了分析。结果表明,Ozawa-Avrami联合方法适合描述POSS/硅橡胶的非等温结晶现象;POSS/硅橡胶复合材料成核速率的大小依次为P5、P15和P30,生长速率则相反,而结晶速率大小依次为P30、P5和P15。     

原位制备GO/PET复合材料的结构与性能

采用溶剂置换法制备了分散均匀的氧化石墨烯(GO)/乙二醇(EG)溶液,进而通过原位聚合法制备了氧化石墨烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(GO/PET)复合材料,探讨了溶剂置换法对GO在溶剂中分散性能的影响,并研究了GO含量对PET基复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,通过溶剂置换法预处理,再经原位聚合制备的GO/PET复合材料中的GO分散均匀,无明显团聚现象。随着GO含量的增加,复合材料的熔融温度和拉伸强度明显降低,但结晶温度与弹性模量明显提高。当GO含量为0. 01%时,拉伸强度最大,为52. 9 MPa,与纯PET相比,提高了12%;当GO含量为0. 5%时,弹性模量最大,为2 297. 2 MPa,比纯PET相比提高了16%。     

SiO2对PB-1熔融与结晶行为的影响

熔融制备了聚丁烯-1/二氧化硅(PB-1/SiO2)纳米复合材料,分别观察和研究了SiO2在基体中的分散状态以及对PB-1熔融与结晶行为的影响。结果表明,SiO2在基体中以尺寸200~800nm的团聚体形式均匀分散,其含量越高,团聚体越细化;SiO2对PB-1熔融行为影响甚微,在质量分数为2%~7%时,不利于PB-1结晶过程进行,10%时结晶温度移向高温,但结晶焓降低;SiO2使PB-1等温结晶时成核密度增加;SiO2不影响PB-1的依热成核方式和三维生长机制。     

含有不同取代基的POSS在硅橡胶中的自组装及其对硅橡胶热稳定性的影响

通过物理共混分别将八苯基聚倍半硅氧烷(OPS)和八异辛基聚倍半硅氧烷(OOS)引入硅橡胶。对含有芳香取代基的OPS和脂肪长链取代基的OOS在硅橡胶中的自组装行为及其对硅橡胶的热稳定性的影响对比研究表明,OOS与硅橡胶的相容性远远优于OPS与硅橡胶之间的相容性;OOS含量低于20%时均可以分子水平均匀分散于基体中,超过20%时才出现少量团聚体,而OPS主要以微米尺寸的团聚体或微晶形式存在于硅橡胶中;聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)改性硅橡胶的热稳定性与POSS在基体中的自组装行为和分子间作用力密切相关;由于POSS挥发,体系初始分解温度(T_i)均降低,而若POSS均匀分散于基体中,POSS抑制热分解,硅橡胶的热稳定性提高,反之则降低。     

石墨烯/室温硫化硅橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

采用水合肼对氧化石墨进行还原获得石墨烯,通过高速剪切分散法将石墨烯分散到α,ω-羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷中,固化后得到石墨烯/室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶复合材料。对石墨烯和复合材料的微观形貌进行了表征,并考察了复合材料的性能。结果表明,所制备石墨烯的厚度为1～3 nm,为具有较少层数的石墨烯片层结构;复合材料断面呈微相分离结构,但其差示扫描量热曲线只有1个玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。随着石墨烯用量的增加,复合材料的Tg升高,结晶熔点降低。石墨烯对RTV硅橡胶有增强作用,当石墨烯的质量分数为0.5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到0.35 MPa,较纯RTV硅橡胶的拉伸强度提高了67%。     

甲基乙烯基硅橡胶／有机蒙脱土母炼胶纳米复合材料

上海工程技术大学的王锦成等人采用溶液插层法和母炼胶混炼工艺制备了甲基乙烯基硅橡胶（MVQ）／有机蒙脱土母炼胶（OMMT—MB）纳米复合材料。MVQ／OMMT—MB纳米复合材料中的OMMT完全剥离,且均匀分散在MVQ基体中;当OMMT质量分数为20％时,MVQ／OMMT—MB复合材料的拉伸性能优于MVQ／OMMT复合材料,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率分别增大至1．41MPa、490％;     

甲基乙烯基硅橡胶／有机蒙脱土母炼胶纳米复合材料

上海工程技术大学的王锦成等人采用溶液插层法和母炼胶混炼工艺制备了甲基乙烯基硅橡胶（MVQ）／有机蒙脱土母炼胶（OMMT—MB）纳米复合材料。MVQ／OMMT—MB纳米复合材料中的OMMT完全剥离,且均匀分散在MVQ基体中;当OMMT质量分数为20％时,MVQ／OMMT—MB复合材料的拉伸性能优于MVQ／OMMT复合材料,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率分别增大至1．41MPa、490％;     

功能化POSS对硅橡胶力学性能的影响及机理研究

研究了八聚笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)功能化侧基的种类和用量对硅橡胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,POSS的加入使硅橡胶的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均下降,硬度均提高。乙烯基POSS的加入显著延长了硅橡胶的正硫化时间。POSS的加入能显著降低硅橡胶的压缩永久变形,乙烯基POSS的效果比甲基POSS好;且乙烯基含量越高,压缩永久变形越小。分析了功能化POSS对硅橡胶力学性能的影响机理。     

聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

以蒙脱土／十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为前驱物负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂，通过插层原位聚合的方法制备了聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备规律进行了研究。用透射电镜、扫描电镜、XRD，DSC等手段研究了结构和性能的相互关系，以及蒙脱土的含量对复合材料熔点与结晶行为的影响。研究表明：蒙脱土的片层结构被破坏，并以纳米级均匀分散在聚合物基体中。蒙脱土的质量分数为3％左右时，聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优良的综合性能。     

Microcellular Crosslinked Silicone Rubber Foams: Influence of Nucleation Agent (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) on the Rheological,Vulcanizing, Cell Morphological Properties

A series of microcellular silicone rubber/silica/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) foams were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide. The effect of POSS particles on the rheological behavior, vulcanizing, and cellular morphology of the composites was investigated. The results showed that the POSS grafted carboxylic acid group can improve the matrix strength of silicone rubber. POSS grafted carboxylic acid group act as inhibiting agent in the vulcanizing process. POSS particles play an important role in the microcellular structure formation. When the POSS content was 2.0?wt%, the cell size and cell density can reach to 3.77?µm and 7.99?×?10⁹ cell/cm³, respectively.     

Preparation and heat resistance of hollow glass microbead/silicone rubber composite coating

Hollow glass microbead/silicone rubber composite coatings were prepared to improve the heat-resistance and mechanical properties of silicone rubber-based composites, using CE modified SR as the matrix and HGM as the filler. The microscopic morphology and thermal stability of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. The results showed that the thermal stability of the composites increases with the increase of filler content. For the composite sample with a HGM mass content of 16.7%, the initial decomposition temperature (T₅) is 408°C, which is 84°C higher than that of silicone rubber. The low density and high sphericity of HGM make it easier to uniformly disperse in the polymer matrix. In addition, compared to silica, which is commonly used as an inorganic filler, the lower thermal conductivity of HGM is also beneficial for achieving better thermal shielding effect. It is confirmed that the insufficient thermal stability of the polymer matrix above 400°C can be compensated for by the properly dispersed inorganic fillers. Therefore, the thermal stability of the composite is improved by the synergistic effect of modified heat-resistant matrix and inorganic filler.     

硅橡胶/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能研究

用熔体插层法制备甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ)/有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料并研究其微观结构和性能。结果表明:OMMT改性剂疏水性从优到劣的顺序为I.44P,I.30P,Bengel434,I.44P和I.30P在MVQ中的分散性优于Bengel434;MVQ/OMMT纳米复合材料的物理性能和热稳定性从优到劣的顺序为MVQ/I.44P,MVQ/I.30P,MVQ/Bengel434纳米复合材料;添加40份I.44P的MVQ/I.44P纳米复合材料的100%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度比纯胶有较大提高。     

聚苯乙烯增强室温硫化硅橡胶的制备及表征

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,使苯乙烯在α,ω-羟基聚(二甲基-甲基乙烯基)硅氧烷(PDM-MVS)中进行自由基聚合,制备了PDM-MVS/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混物。将该共混物在室温下进行硫化,获得了PS增强的室温硫化硅橡胶,并对硅橡胶的力学性能和微观形态进行了表征。结果表明,目标硅橡胶的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率均随PDM-MVS中乙烯基质量分数的增加而增大,当乙烯基质量分数为1.50%时,其拉伸强度达3.9 MPa,扯断伸长率达416%,PS的增强效果明显;目标硅橡胶具有微相分离结构,PS作为分散相均匀分布于PDM-MVS连续相中,两相的相容性随着PDM-MVS中乙烯基质量分数的增加而增强。     

Synthesis and characterization of UV-cured epoxy acrylate/POSS nanocomposites

In this study, epoxy acrylate (EA)/vinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites were prepared through in situ polymerization and by UV-curing technique. The vinyl-POSS monomers were added to EA matrix by physically blending at loadings between 0 wt.% and 15 wt.%. The microstructure of the EA/vinyl-POSS composites was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, and the result indicated that the separate POSS domains were present in EA/POSS composites. Aggregates were observed in the nanocomposites by SEM and the EDS results indicated that there were vinyl-POSS molecules existing in the EA matrix. TEM images further proved there were both POSS aggregates and monomers dispersed in the EA matrix. The kinetics of the photopolymerization was investigated by real time FTIR spectroscopy. The DSC analysis showed that the increasing POSS content caused a decrease on the composite's glass transition temperature. TGA measures confirmed that the degradation mechanism of EA was not affected by POSS and the nanocomposites thermal stability was slightly improved with the increasing of POSS loadings. It can be seen that the degradation rate slowed down with the increasing of POSS content and the 50% mass loss temperature of EA/POSS hybrids all increased conspicuously relative to plain EA.     

Enhanced dispersion of carbon nanotube in silicone rubber assisted by graphene

We report a novel, scalable and inexpensive approach to fully disperse carbon nanotubes in silicone rubber by the addition of graphene. In comparison to graphene, the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in silicone rubber matrix is extremely difficult although both of them possess similar physical structure. The different dispersion behavior of graphene and MWNTs could be contributed to the difference in their interaction with polymer matrix and their geometry. Based on SEM, TEM and XRD analysis, we find that the dispersion of MWNTs in silicone rubber is dramatically improved by the addition of graphene. Graphene acts as a compatilizer since it shows strong interaction with both polymer matrix and MWNTs. This method provides a simple route to enhance the dispersion of carbon nanotubes and improve the electrical property of the polymer composites. The synergic effect of the hybrid materials may not to be limited to the applications in polymer composites.     

On the Role of Both Polypropylene Fibers and Silica Nanoparticles on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites

In the present study, silica nanoparticles and polypropylene fibers were added to silicone rubber matrix and their effect was investigated on the viscoelastic behavior of silicone rubber composites by dynamic mechanical analysis and compression set test. Bonding of the reinforcements with silicone rubber matrix was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results proved that the role of silica particles on the elastic modulus of silicone rubber was more effective than that of polypropylene at room temperature because of higher stiffness and also partial interaction of polypropylene with matrix.