PVC/α-MSAN/ASA共混物的结构与性能研究

采用乳液聚合技术合成了一系列不同核壳比的丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝共聚物(ASA)和组成为69/31的α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN)。将ASA接枝共聚物与聚氯乙烯(PVC)和α-MSAN熔融共混制备了PVC/α-MSAN/ASA共混物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对该共混体系的性能与形态进行了表征。结果表明:随着体系中橡胶含量的增加,PVC/α-MSAN/ASA共混物的冲击强度先增大后减小,拉伸强度则逐渐降低,其中橡胶含量为15%的共混物具有较高的韧性;当ASA接枝共聚物的核壳比逐渐增大时,共混物的冲击强度先增大后减小,而拉伸强度基本不变;此外,共混试样的断面形态与其力学性能相符。     

橡胶含量对ABS树脂性能的影响

采用聚丁二烯接枝苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(PB-g-SAN)与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)熔融共混,制备了一系列丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚树脂(ABS),考察了橡胶含量对该ABS树脂物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着橡胶含量的增加,ABS树脂的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、熔体流动速率、热变形温度、密度和硬度均有所降低,而缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率提高。因此可通过调节橡胶含量来制备具有不同物理力学性能的ABS树脂,以满足不同的应用需要。     

悬浮聚合法制备ASA树脂及其性能研究

采用悬浮聚合法,以丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯和丙烯腈为原料,合成了一系列丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈(ASA)树脂。考察了橡胶相聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(ALMA)和叔十二碳硫醇(TDDM)用量对ASA树脂的力学性能影响。结果表明:PBA质量分数达到20%后,ASA树脂的冲击强度大幅增加。TDDM的加入使苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)的相对分子质量降低,当其质量分数低于1%时,ASA树脂的冲击强度呈升高趋势,质量分数高于1%时其冲击强度大幅降低。随PBA含量增加,ASA树脂的拉伸强度减小,断裂伸长率变大。     

ABS树脂的冲击韧性极限及形变机理的研究

将苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物接枝聚丁二烯（PB-g-SAN）与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）树脂按照一定比例熔融共混制备具有不同橡胶含量的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）树脂。研究了不同橡胶含量对ABS树脂的冲击以及拉伸行为的影响,并通过透射电子显微镜研究了ABS树脂的微观形态及形变机理。结果表明,ABS材料的冲击强度随着橡胶含量的增加先升高后降低;断裂伸长率随着橡胶含量的增大而增大;当橡胶含量较少时,橡胶粒子在基体相中发生聚集现象的可能性较小,分散性较好;随着橡胶含量的增加发生聚集现象的可能性增加,粒子分散性变差;随着橡胶粒子含量的增加,ABS树脂的主要增韧机理是由空洞化到银纹再到剪切屈服的转变。     

耐候型ASA树脂的制备及其性能研究

采用悬浮聚合法,以丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯和丙烯腈为原料,合成了一系列丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈(ASA)树脂。考察了橡胶相聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)、交联剂二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、接枝剂甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(ALMA)和摩尔质量调节剂十二烷基硫醇(TDDM)的用量对ASA树脂的冲击强度的影响;PBA质量分数对ASA树脂的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的影响。结果表明:PBA质量分数达到20%后,ASA树脂的冲击强度大幅增加;EGDMA、ALMA和TDDM的质量分数分别为0.43%、0.4%和1%时,ASA树脂的冲击强度达到最大值;随PBA增加,ASA树脂的拉伸强度减小,断裂伸长率变大。     

PMMA/SAN/ABS共混物的结构与性能研究

采用乳液聚合技术合成丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)接枝粉料,将制得的ABS接枝粉料与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)熔融共混,制备透明ABS树脂。研究了体系橡胶含量,接枝粉料壳层组成,基体组成对透明ABS树脂结构与性能的影响。结果表明,随着体系橡胶含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度增大,透光率略有降低;壳层组成为75/25的共混物具有较高的韧性和透明性;随着基体PMMA/SAN组成的增加,共混物的冲击强度基本不变,而透光率先增大后减小。透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究表明,壳层组成为75/25的橡胶粒子能均匀地分散在基体中。     

ABS的组成与性能研究进展(Ⅱ)

综述了苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)组成与性能的研究。不同丙烯腈含量SAN间的相容性与丙烯腈含量差值有关。SAN相对分子质量越低,保持相容性的丙烯腈含量差值可以越大。丙烯腈含量影响SAN的韧性。橡胶增韧时,SAN基体树脂中的丙烯腈含量高于SAN接枝物为佳,接枝率或界面黏结力适度为宜。橡胶相玻璃化转变温度的变化反映了SAN接枝橡胶和SAN基体树脂相互作用。大粒径胶粒(大于1μm)与小粒径胶粒(小于0.5μm)组合增韧SAN产生协同效应。大粒径胶粒诱发银纹,小粒径胶粒终止银纹或改变银纹增长途径。     

ABS的组成与性能研究进展(Ⅰ)

综述了苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)组成与性能的研究.不同丙烯腈含量SAN间的相容性与丙烯腈含量差值有关.SAN相对分子质量越低,保持相容性的丙烯腈含量差值可以越大.丙烯腈含量影响SAN的韧性.橡胶增韧时, SAN基体树脂中的丙烯腈含量高于SAN接枝物为佳,接枝率或界面黏结力适度为宜.橡胶相玻璃化转变温度的变化反映了SAN接枝橡胶和SAN基体树脂的相互作用.大粒径胶粒(大于1 μm)与小粒径胶粒(小于0.5 μm)组合增韧SAN产生协同效应.大粒径胶粒诱发银纹,小粒径胶粒终止银纹或改变银纹增长途径.     

丙烯腈含量对ABS树脂性能的影响

通过乳液接枝聚合法合成丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)接枝粉料,与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)树脂熔融共混得到ABS树脂。探究丙烯腈含量对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明：随着丙烯腈含量增加,ABS树脂的拉伸强度、冲击强度、耗散因数、体积电阻率、维卡软化温度以及两相之间相容性上升,但熔体流动速率、表面电阻率、介电常数下降。     

光盘回收PC改性ABS树脂研究

用光盘回收的聚碳酸酯（PC）树脂制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）/PC合金,探讨了回收PC含量、增容剂种类对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,ABS/PC合金的拉伸强度随回收PC含量的增加而逐渐增大,冲击强度则呈先增长后下降的趋势,在回收PC含量为10 %（质量分数,下同）时达到最大值;增容剂甲基丙烯酸甲脂-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（MBS）比甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-GMA）更能改善ABS和PC的相容性,显著提高合金冲击强度,当回收PC含量为5 %时,用MBS增容的ABS/PC合金的冲击强度比纯ABS提高了42.8 %。     

PBA－g－AS共聚物的合成

本文以交联ＰＢＡ为主链，ｇｒ和ＡＮ为接技单体，通过乳液接枝共聚会成了ＰＢＡ－ｇ－ＡＳ井聚物．研究了乳化剂加入量、引发剂种类及用量、单体加入方式及单体浓度、反应时间以及ＰＢＡ胶乳性质等对接枝率、转化率及粒子形态的影响，同时也研究了ＴＤＭ用量对接枝链分子量及接枝率的影响．     

Grafting of natural rubber for preparation of natural rubber/unsaturated polyester resin miscible blends

Graft copolymers of natural rubber and polystyrene were synthesized by free‐radical grafting of styrene monomer onto natural rubber in latex form. The obtained graft copolymers and unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin were mixed and cast at room temperature using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as an initiator and Co‐octoate as an accelerator. The samples prepared from ungrafted natural rubbers exhibited the aggregation of the rubber component, whereas the samples prepared from grafted natural rubbers showed good dispersion of the rubber component in a glassy matrix of UPE resin. It was found that the amount of polystyrene grafted onto natural rubber and the graft copolymer content in polymer blend significantly affect the mechanical properties of the blend samples. An increase in the amount of hard and brittle polystyrene in glassy matrix of UPE resin overshadowed the impact‐absorbing ability of the rubber component, causing the impact strength of the blend samples to be lower than that of pure UPE resin. On the other hand, an increase in easily elongated uncrosslinked rubber molecules, as the graft copolymer content in blend samples increased, resulted in a decrease in their flexural strength. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1496–1503, 2004     

Photoinitiated surface grafting of synthetic fibers,I. Photoinitiated surface grafting of ultra high strength polyethylene fibers

Photoinitiated surface grafting of acrylic monomers has been carried out onto high strength polyethylene (HSPE) yarn by means of a continuous process. The grafting reaction is initiated by UV irradiation of the yarn after presoaking in an acetone solution of initiator and monomer. Four initiators, benzophenone (BP), 4-chlorobenzophenone (4-CBP), 2-hydroxy-2-cyclohexylacetophenone (HHA), and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), and two monomers, acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM), have been used. After short irradiation time (10 to 20 s) successful grafting is obtained, as shown by ESCA and IR-ATR spectra, dye adsorpotion from aqueous solution, and measurements of adhesion of single filaments to epoxy resin. Grafting efficiency of 74% has been reached for AA as monomer (26% is homopolymer). The tensile strength and modulus of the HSPE yarn are retained in the grafting process. The degree of surface grafting is mainly a function of structure and concentration of monomer and photoinitiator in the presoaking solution and of the irradiation conditions used. Increasing irradiation time gives increasing amounts of grafted polymer up to a certain limiting value. The reactivities of the four initiators have been compared showing the highest grafting yields of AA with BP and of AM with 4-CBP as photoinitiator. AA grafted HSPE yarn can be dyed to rather deep color by dipping in an aqueous solution of Crystal Violet. Increased dye absorption by a factor of up to seven has been measured for yarn grafted with AA to the maximum level obtained. The filaments of the grafted yarn show increased adhesion to epoxy resin by a factor of up to five compared with the ungrafted filaments.     

Preparation of crosslinked and thermostable paste poly(vinyl chloride)

The grafting of a mercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilane onto an activated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) paste resin with subsequent hydrolytic crosslinking has been studied. The resins were prepared by copolymerization of vinyl chloride monomer and glycidylmethacrylate (GMA). The grafting of a mercaptosilane was carried out during gelation of the plastisol. In this step the formation of a chemical network was avoided. By steaming at 120°C for 30 min the grafted samples crosslinked. The gel yield increased with increasing fraction of GMA and up to a given level with the fraction of the mercaptosilane. When using a resin of PVC homopolymer no crosslinking occurred. The silane grafted and crosslinked samples were found to have satisfactory thermal stability. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:849–853, 1998     

Plasma‐graft polymerization of a monomer with double bonds onto the surface of carbon fiber and its adhesion to a vinyl ester resin

Double bonds reactive with active radical species were introduced onto the surface of carbon yarn by the plasma‐graft polymerization of adipic acid divinyl ester and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers to increase the adhesive strength in the interface between the carbon yarn and a vinyl ester resin. The degree of grafting increased with increasing polymerization time and polymerization temperature. The degree of grafting depended on both the solvent and the monomer species used in the polymerization, and a high degree was obtained with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the conjugated monomer and in a mixture of methyl isobutyrate and water. The grafted yarn, whose surface layer contained double bonds, was reacted with a vinyl ester resin containing benzoyl peroxide and N,N‐dimethylaniline. The pull‐out force of the yarn embedded in the resin increased with increasing degree of grafting. The failure in pulling out the yarn was cohesive. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2415–2419, 2003     

PVC/SAN/ABS共混物的增韧机理

采用以乳液聚合的方法合成丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)接枝粉料,将其与PVC、苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）树脂熔融共混制备PVC/SAN/ABS共混物。恒定共混物中ABS含量,改变体系中SAN与PVC的比例从70.5/17.5至18/70。TEM分析表明,当共混物中SAN含量较多时,可以观察到银纹的存在;当共混物中PVC含量较多,可以观察到剪切屈服的发生;SEM分析发现,当共混物中PVC含量较多时,断裂表面出现了大量的空洞并伴随着基体的塑性流动;SAXS分析表明,当共混物中SAN的含量较多时,散射强度的增加是银纹的贡献能力增大的结果。     

氯化聚丙烯/丙烯酸酯接枝物的合成和性能研究

采用溶液法用混合单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）对氯化聚丙烯（CPP）进行接枝改性,制备出不同接枝率的改性CPP,并对接枝产物进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,探讨了改性CPP在PP底材上得附着性能。结果表明：改性CPP在PP板材上具有良好的附着力;随着接枝率的提高,改性CPP与丙烯酸树脂的相容性增强。     

Synthesis of polymer‐grafted natural rubbers by radical photopolymerization of vinyl monomers initiated from the rubber chains

The synthesis of polymer‐grafted natural rubbers (NRs) was considered through photopolymerization of vinyl monomers initiated from N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate groups previously introduced onto cis 1,4‐polyisoprene units of NR chains. The development of the procedure was made with methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomer. First, initiation of MMA photopolymerization was tested using a model molecule of the N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate‐functionalized 1,4‐polyisoprene unit to verify the feasibility of the procedure considered. Then, MMA polymerization was successfully initiated from N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate‐functionalized NR backbone used as macroinitiator, and the conditions of grafting were optimized. It was shown that MMA grafting could occur either in monomer medium, in solution in toluene, and in latex medium, and that the quantities of homopolymer formed were still low. Thereafter, grafting studies were performed with other vinyl monomers (styrene, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, acrylic acid) showing that grafting efficiency depends essentially on the nature of the monomer. The method developed here was shown particularly well adapted for the synthesis of polymer‐grafted NR with monomers of low polarity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009