蓖麻油聚氨酯改性有机硅酸脂的研究

研究了蓖麻油聚氨酯改性有机硅树脂的性能，探讨了聚氨酯含量及制备工艺等因素对改性脂热性能，力学性能及电绝缘性能的影响。结果表明，随着聚氨酯含量的增加，改性体系的热稳定性，耐冲击性及体积电阻率下降，研究中所采用的两种制备工艺对改性树脂的耐热性及积体电阻率影响不大，但对力学性能有较大影响。     

填料助剂对MDI型聚氨酯弹性体复合材料性能的影响

采用一步法制备有机微球/二氧化硅/MDI型聚氨酯弹性体复合材料,研究了触变剂和填料表面处理剂对复合材料性能的影响。研究表明,触变剂BYK-410用量为0.5%时,材料的力学性能较好,试片正反面的硬度差和表面电阻率差值较小,体积电阻率较大,但混合后树脂的初始黏度最大;铝酸酯偶联剂改性的二氧化硅分散较均匀,材料的力学性能、电阻率和动态力学性能均较好,有机硅偶联剂的改性效果较差。     

输电用玻纤/聚氨酯复合材料电气性能研究

使用改性聚氨酯树脂,调整工艺及配方生产复合材料试样,测试其电气绝缘性能。通过对试样的体积电阻率、表面电阻率、介质损耗、耐电痕化、水扩散试验及接触角进行测试,结果证明改性树脂的电气绝缘性能良好,可以用作复合材料输电杆塔。     

丙烯酸酯类聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备和性能研究

以异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇和甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯合成的丙烯酸酯类聚氨酯预聚体为基体,添加改性碳纳米管,制备聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料。研究了碳纳米管的含量对复合材料的力学性能、热学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纳米管质量分数为0.4%时,复合材料的断裂伸长率提高了13%,冲击强度提高了20%,体积电阻率下降了5个数量级,而对热学性能基本没有影响。     

三元树脂改性聚氨酯网络性能的研究

为了提高环氧乙烷四氢呋喃共聚醚的力学性能,对影响其力学性能的因素进行了分析。采用添加三元树脂的方法大大增强了聚氨酯的性能,实验结果表明:加入三元树脂并调整工艺条件,能使聚氨酯网络的抗拉强度达到2.5 MPa以上,拉伸应变达到1000%以上。研究了三元树脂改性聚氨酯网络的性能及影响因素,并对不同影响条件下进行了探索,对产物的性能进行了表征。     

聚氨酯/石墨烯复合材料研究进展

以改性石墨烯作为聚氨酯的填料对其进行功能化研究为主线,举例简要说明了石墨烯填充聚氨酯树脂材料的制备方法和性能研究的类别。从聚氨酯/石墨烯复合材料的力学性能、热性能、电性能、阻燃性、抗菌性和耐腐蚀性等方面,分别概述了近年来石墨烯改性聚氨酯在高性能和功能性方面的进展情况,并对聚氨酯/石墨烯复合材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

玉米基多元醇副产物树脂制备改性聚氨酯泡沫塑料及性能的研究

提出了由玉米基多元醇副产物树脂制备改性聚氨酯泡沫塑料的工艺,分别探讨了玉米基多元醇副产物树脂加入量对聚氨酯泡沫塑料外观、密度及力学性能的影响.当玉米副产物树脂加入量在5份左右时,制备的聚氨酯泡沫塑料可以满足保温材料的相关要求.利用此工艺使聚氨酯泡沫塑料的生产成本大幅度降低,同时也使玉米副产物树脂得到了综合利用.     

β-环糊精/间苯二酚双(二苯基)磷酸酯包合物改性聚氨酯的阻燃性研究

采用物理共混法,将β-环糊精/间苯二酚双(二苯基)磷酸酯(RDP)包合物添加至聚氨酯树脂中,制备了一系列具有阻燃效果的聚氨酯膜。通过力学性能测试、热重分析、扫描电镜、极限氧指数和垂直燃烧实验等手段,研究了β-环糊精/RDP包合物的含量对聚氨酯力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:聚氨酯经β-环糊精/RDP包合物改性后其胶膜的力学性能明显提高。当β-环糊精/RDP包合物质量分数为20%时,极限氧指数为26%。UL-94燃烧测试结果表明,改性聚氨酯的阻燃性能已达到V-1级。     

抗静电半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫的研制

采用导电炭黑及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为复合抗静电剂 ,制备了抗静电半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫 ,研究了导电炭黑及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在树脂基体中的添加工艺、用量及材料贮存时间对泡沫体积电阻率及表面电阻率的影响。结果表明 :采用球磨机球磨的方式可以将导电炭黑均匀地分散在聚醚组分中 ;在半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫的树脂基体中加入复合抗静电剂 ,所制得泡沫的体积电阻率下降为 10 7Ω·m ,表面电阻率下降为 10 10 Ω ,且所制得的泡沫在贮存 2 5a以后仍具有较好的抗静电性能。     

一种3D打印光敏树脂的研制及性能

以改性环氧丙烯酸酯为预聚物,采用自由基-阳离子杂化聚合法制备了可在405 nm光照下固化的3D打印光敏树脂。研究了预聚物、稀释剂、光引发剂的含量对光敏树脂力学性能、黏度和体积收缩率的影响。结果表明,当光引发剂添加量为4%时,力学性能最优化;当改性环氧丙烯酸酯含量在48%~58%时,该体系能满足3D打印光固化材料的使用要求;采用本方法制备的光敏树脂具有卓越的热稳定性。     

电子束固化水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的制备及性能

研究了一种制备水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的新方法,通过在扩链剂分子结构中组装离子基团来改善亲水性,解决了聚氨酯丙烯酸酯与水难相溶的问题。采用这种方法制备了一种聚氨酯丙烯酸酯产物,使用FTIR和1H NMR对产物结构进行了表征。对产物与水的储存稳定性、黏度、电子束固化行为及固化后性能进行了研究。结果表明,分散乳液储存稳定性好,经电子束固化后性能(如硬度、附着力、光泽度、柔韧性、热稳定性)优良。     

丙烯酸酯改性聚酯聚氨酯水分散体的合成及结构表征

用甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端的水性聚氨酯预聚体与丙烯酸酯发生聚合，制备丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯分散体。考察了工艺条件对分散体稳定性及成膜物性能的影响。同时用红外光谱和扫描电镜讨论了丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯成膜物的结构特征，用热分析仪分析了膜的热稳定性能。     

超支化水性聚氨酯乳液的制备及性能研究

以顺丁烯二酸酐改性的超支化聚酯Boltorn H20、聚四氢呋喃2000和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为主要原料合成了超支化水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了改性超支化聚酯Boltorn H20的合成,以及改性超支化聚酯中羧基含量、初聚—NCO/—OH物质的量比、催化剂用量等对制备水性聚氨酯的影响,并探讨了亲水基团含量、乳化温度、中和度等因素对乳液及涂膜性能的影响,进一步使用傅里叶红外和热重分析分别对超支化聚氨酯涂膜的结构和热稳定性能进行了表征及测试。结果表明,在不加催化剂,初聚—NCO/—OH物质的量比为2∶1,亲水基团含量为2.05%的条件下,合成得到的含固量为30%的超支化水性聚氨酯乳液稳定性好。由此得到的超支化聚氨酯薄膜的耐水性和热稳定性较好。     

New Polyurethane Elastomers with Enhanced Thermal Stability

A series of polyurethane elastomers with enhanced thermal stability was prepared and their physical and thermal properties were studied. For this purpose in the first step, an excess amount of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate was reacted with poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol to produce isocyanate-terminated polyurethane pre-polymer. In the second step, a new imide-based diol chain extender was synthesized via reaction of benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride with 5-amino-1-naphthol. Finally, reaction of the pre-polymer with chain extender resulted in preparation of polyurethane elastomers. Presence of imide unit in the polymer backbone improved their properties and enhanced thermal stability of polyurethane.     

制备工艺对聚氨酯酰亚胺泡沫性能的影响

以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)、聚醚多元醇为主要原料,分别采用聚酰亚胺(PI)预聚法、聚氨酯(PU)预聚法和一步法制备聚氨酯酰亚胺泡沫,从微观形貌、力学性能、热稳定性能以及阻燃性能方面对上述3种制备工艺进行对比和评估。实验结果表明,采用一步法制备PUI泡沫时,PU链段和PI链段同时增长,容易造成泡孔缺陷,导致泡沫的力学性能较差;在采用PU预聚法制备的PUI泡沫中,PU链段含量较高,因此,泡孔孔径分布较宽且平均泡孔直径较大,对应的热稳定性和阻燃性能较差;采用PI预聚法制备的PUI泡沫的泡孔孔径分布窄且平均泡孔直径较小,对应的压缩性能、热稳定性以及阻燃性能均达到最佳。     

Preparation and characterization of chain‐extended bismaleimide modified polyurethane–epoxy matrices

Intercrosslinked networks of bismaleimide (BMI) modified polyurethane–epoxy systems were prepared from chain‐extended BMI and polyurethane modified epoxy and cured in the presence of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane. Infrared spectral analysis was used to confirm the grafting of polyurethane onto the epoxy skeleton. The prepared matrices were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and morphological studies. The results, obtained from the mechanical and thermal studies, reveal that the incorporation of polyurethane into epoxy increases the mechanical strength and decreases the glass‐transition temperature and thermal stability. The incorporation of chain‐extended BMI into polyurethane modified epoxy systems increases the thermal stability and both tensile and flexural properties, and decreases the impact strength and glass‐transition temperature. Surface morphologies of polyurethane modified epoxy and chain‐extended BMI modified polyurethane– epoxy systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1562–1568, 2003     

水稻秸秆基聚氨酯泡沫制备工艺改进及性能表征

以水稻秸秆液化产物为原料,以N,N,N,N,N-五甲基二乙烯三胺（P5）和N,N-二甲基环己胺（P8）为复合催化剂,制备了全水发泡聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）材料。通过调节水用量、催化剂比例、异氰酸酯指数及泡沫稳定剂用量,对不同条件下制备的泡沫性能进行测试,确定较优的制备工艺。利用万能试验机、热重分析仪（TGA）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对PUF的力学性能、热稳定性、结构和表观形貌进行了测试和表征。结果表明：当发泡剂水的用量为2%,催化剂P5/P8用量2%、催化剂P5/P8质量比值为1.5,异氰酸酯指数为1.2,硅油B8462用量为4%时,制得的聚氨酯泡沫性能最佳,密度为40 kg/m³、拉伸强度为309 kPa、压缩强度为154 kPa,其力学性能优于以有机锡和叔胺类化合物为催化剂制备的水稻秸秆PUF,且具有较好的热稳定性。     

A comparative study on the preparation and characterization of aromatic and aliphatic bismaleimides‐modified polyurethane–epoxy interpenetrating polymer network matrices

Interpenetrating polymer networks of bismaleimide‐modified polyurethane–epoxy systems were prepared using the aliphatic and aromatic bismaleimides‐ and polyurethane‐modified epoxy and cured in the presence of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane. Infrared spectral analysis was used to confirm the polyurethane‐crosslinked epoxy (PU–EP). The matrices developed were characterized by mechanical, thermal, electrical, and morphological studies. The results obtained from the mechanical studies indicate that the incorporation of polyurethane and bismaleimides into epoxy increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength, according to their nature and percentage concentration. The results obtained from the thermal and electrical studies indicate that the incorporation of polyurethane into epoxy decreased the thermal properties (glass transition temperature, heat distortion temperature (HDT), thermal stability) and electrical properties (dielectric strength, volume and surface resistivity, and arc resistance). The incorporation of aromatic bismaleimide into the polyurethane‐modified epoxy system increased the glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and electrical properties. Decreased values of glass transition and HDT were obtained in the case of aliphatic bismaleimide‐modified polyurethane–epoxy system. Surface morphology of modified epoxy systems was studied using scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that the polyurethane‐modified epoxy systems exhibited heterogeneous morphology and bismaleimides‐modified epoxy systems showed a homogeneous morphology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3592–3602, 2006     

Synthesis,characterization and dielectric properties of nickel-based polyoxometalate/polyurethane composites

The aim of this study was to synthesis, characterization and investigation of the influence of the polyoxometalate concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt%) on chemical, thermal, physical and morphological properties of nickel-based polyoxometalate/polyurethane composite (Ni-POM/PU) materials. Firstly, nickel-based polyoxometalate (Ni-POM) compound has been synthesized and characterized through various spectroscopic techniques. Synthesized Ni-POM compounds have been used for preparation of polyurethane composites as a reinforcement. Three different Ni-POM/PU composites containing Ni-POM were prepared by solution mixing and casting techniques. The chemical structure and morphology of prepared Ni-POM/PU composite samples were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis and SEM techniques. Effects of Ni-POM on thermal stability, glass transition temperature, optical transparency, hydrophilicity and physical properties of polyurethane composites were examined. Thermal stabilities and glass temperatures of the materials have been checked by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The SEM results confirmed the highly porous structure and the formation of Ni-POM structures in the polymer matrix. Synthesized composites showed high chemical stability, good processability, and low Tg values. The dielectric properties of the prepared Ni-POM/polyurethane composites were also investigated at room temperature. These results displayed that the dielectric constant of the POM/polyurethane composites decreased with the increase of the Ni-POM content in polymeric matrix.     

Newly UV-curable polyurethane coatings prepared by multifunctional thiol- and ene-terminated polyurethane aqueous dispersions mixtures: Preparation and characterization

A series of newly developed UV-curable polyurethane coatings were prepared by blending multifunctional thiol- and ene-terminated polyurethane aqueous dispersions. The composition, structure, solution stability and mechanical properties of the title coatings were characterized in detail by FT-IR, photo-DSC and DMA measurements. It was found that the resulting polyurethane coatings showed good solution stability and high photopolymerization activity even after a long time (i.e. 1 month). The incorporation of a waterborne polyurethane chain into the both multifunctional thiols and ene monomers promoted their solution stability and avoided any reaction between thiols and ene groups as a result of their high reacting activity in non-aqueous systems. UV-cured films prepared by this method were found to exhibit excellent physical properties with improvements over what can be attained directly with current UV-curable urethane-acrylate based systems. This method allows for the preparation of high performance UV-curable polyurethane aqueous coatings based on thiol-ene chemistry systems.