Superb VOCs capture engineering carbon adsorbent derived from shaddock peel owning uncompromising thermal-stability and adsorption property

High applied thermal-stability and superior structural property for activated carbon adsorbent are extremely promising, which also is the determining short slab in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption applications. Herein, we develop the outstanding engineering carbon adsorbents from waste shaddock peel which affords greatly-enhanced thermal-stability and super structural property (S_Lang?=?4962.6?m²·g^-1, V_micro?=?1.67?cm³·g^-1). Such character endows the obtained adsorbent with ultrahigh adsorption capture performance of VOCs specific to benzene (16.58?mmol·g^-1) and toluene (15.50?mmol·g^-1), far beyond traditional zeolite and activated carbon even MOFs materials. The structural expression characters were accurately correlated with excellent adsorption efficiency of VOCs by studying synthetic factor-controlling comparative samples. Ulteriorly, adsorption selectivity prediction at different relative humidity was demonstrated through DIH (difference of the isosteric heats), exceedingly highlighting great superiority (nearly sixfold) in selective adsorption of toluene compared to volatile benzene. Our findings provide the possibility for practical industrial application and fabrication of waste biomass-derived outstanding biochar adsorbent in the environmental treatment of threatening VOCs pollutants.     

Lithium Storage Performance of Hollow and Core/Shell TiO2 Microspheres Containing Carbon☆

TiO2 microspheres containing carbon have been synthesized viaa one-pot hydrothermal process using CTAB as the mesoporous template and nanoparticle stabilizer and Ti(SO4)2 and sucrose as titanium and ca...     

Adsorption of urea,creatinine, and uric acid from three solution types using spherical activated carbon and its recyclability

In this paper, we propose that the urinary toxins from the wastewater be adsorbed on an adsorbent such as spherical activated carbon and the latter be regenerated by subjecting it to high temperatures to recycle activated carbon and also to recycle the water used in dialysis. We studied the adsorption of artificial waste dialysate, which is a mixed solution of urea, creatinine, and uric acid, and the separate solutions for each of these and found that their extents of adsorption onto the spherical activated carbon material were nearly identical. The amount of adsorption was approximately 1.4 mg·g^-1 for urea, 18 mg·g^-1 for creatinine, and 20 mg·g^-1 for uric acid. The urea, creatinine, and uric acid adsorbed onto the spherical activated carbon decomposed on heat treatment at 500℃, and the adsorption capacity of the spherical activated carbon was regenerated. Our study successfully demonstrated that the spherical activated carbon can be recycled in the waste dialysate treatment process.     

制备工艺对淀粉基碳分子筛性能的影响

以淀粉为碳源,F127为结构导向剂,通过KOH活化一步合成法制备系列碳分子筛,采用SEM、TG、FT-IR和N_2吸附-脱附等技术对原料和碳分子筛样品的结构、表面官能团和性能进行表征。结果表明,温度、F127与淀粉添加质量比和KOH浓度对碳分子筛样品的孔隙结构性能影响显著。在KOH浓度为0.75 mol·L~(-1)、m(F127)∶m(淀粉)=4∶3、搅拌时间12 h和反应温度45℃时制备的碳分子筛孔径分布集中,BET比表面积达1 228.972 5 m~2·g~(-1),单点孔容0.807 113 cm~3·g~(-1),单点微孔体积0.636 869 cm~3·g~(-1)。     

Platanus orientalis leaves based hierarchical porous carbon microspheres as high efficiency adsorbents for organic dyes removal

Water contamination caused by hazardous organic dyes has drawn considerable attention, among all of the techniques released, adsorption has been widely used, which however to a large degree is dependent on the development of high efficiency adsorbents. Waste biomass based porous carbon is becoming the new star class of adsorbents, and thus contribute more to the sustainable development of the society. In this work, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, abundant waste fallen Platanus orientalis leaves are employed as the raw material for hierarchical activated porous carbon(APC) microspheres via a mild hydrothermal carbonization(210 °C,12.0 h) followed by one-step calcination(750 °C, 1.0 h). The APC microspheres exhibit a specific surface area of1355.53 m~2·g~(-1) and abundant functional groups such as O—H and C=O. Furthermore, the APC microspheres are used as the adsorbents for removal of Rh B and MO, with the maximum adsorption capabilities of 557.06 mg·g~(-1) and 327.49 mg·g~(-1), respectively, higher than those of the most porous carbon originated from biomass. The adsorption rates rapidly approach to 98.2%(Rh B) and 95.4%(MO) within 10 min. The adsorption data can be well fitted by Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, meanwhile the intra-particle diffusion and Boyd models simultaneously indicate that the diffusion within the pores is the main rate-limiting step. Besides, the APC microspheres also demonstrate good recyclability, and may also be applied to other areas such as heterogeneous catalysis and energy storage.     

Protein-derived nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon for efficient adsorptive removal of heavy metals

A nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon has been synthesized employing egg white as a sustainable protein-rich precursor. According to CHNS elemental analysis, N, S and O heteroatoms accounted for mass fractions of 3.66%, 2.28% and 19.29% respectively, and the types of surface functionalities were further characterized by FT-IR and XPS measurements. Although the carbon possessed a smaller surface area (815 m²·g^-1) compared to a commercial activated carbon (1100 m²·g^-1), its adsorption capacity towards Co²⁺ reached 320.3 mg·g^-1, which was over 8 times higher compared to the limited 34.0 mg·g^-1 over the activate carbon. Furthermore, the carbon was found to be an efficient adsorbent towards a series of metal ions including VO²⁺, Cr³⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺. Combined with its environmental merits, the protein derived carbon may be a promising candidate for heavy metal pollution control.     

污泥含炭吸附剂的制备及其吸附模拟烟气中汞蒸汽的应用(英文)

The carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from mixtures of dewatered sludge and sawdust with enhanced ZnCl2 chemical activation.Characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using scanning electron microscope(SEM) ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,and adsorption of nitrogen.The surface analysis showed that the carbonaceous adsorbent had good specific surface and porosity(394 m 2 ·g-1of BET surface,0.12 and 0.10 ml·g-1of microporous and mesoporous volume,respectively) .The oxygen functional groups such as OH,C O and C O were found on the surface by FTIR and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) .The adsorption of elemental mercury(Hg0) on the carbonaceous adsorbent was studied in a fixed bed reactor.The dynamic adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent increased with influent mercury concentration,from 23.6μg·g-1at 12.58μg·m-3to 87.9μg·g-1at 72.50μg·m-3,and decreased as the adsorption temperature increased,from 246 μg·g-1 at 25°C to 61.3μg·g-1 at 140°C,when dry nitrogen was used as the carrier gas.The carbonaceous adsorbent presented higher dynamic adsorption capacity than activated carbon,which was 81.2μg·g-1and 53.8μg·g-1respectively.The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model.The physical and chemical adsorption were identified on the adsorbent.     

Activation mechanisms on potassium hydroxide enhanced microstructures development of coke powder

Coke powder is expected to be an excellent raw material to produce activated carbon because of its high carbon content. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), as an effective activation agent, was reported to be effective in activating coke powder. However, the microstructures development in the coke powder and its mechanisms when KOH was applied were still unclear. In this study, effects of KOH on the microstructure activation of coke powder were investigated using the surface area and pore structure analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS), etc. Results revealed that the addition KOH at its lower ratio (mass ratios of KOH and coke powder in a range of 0.5 and 1) decreased the specific surface area and average lateral sizes, but sharply increased of the specific surface area to 132 m²·g^-1 and 355 m²·g^-1 and decreased of the space size of aromatic crystallites upon the further increase of the KOH addition amounts (ratios of KOH and coke powder in a range of 3 and 7), generating a number of new micropores and mesopores. The mechanisms study implied surface reactions between KOH and aliphatic hydrocarbon side chain and other carbon functional groups of the coke powder to destruct aromatic crystallites in one dimension and broaden pores at lower KOH addition. In the activation process, KOH was decomposed to be more active components, which can be rapidly destruct the aromatic layers in spatial scope to form developed porous carbon structures within coke powder at higher KOH addition.     

纤维素基生物质多孔炭的制备及其超级电容器性能研究

以棉纤维素为原料,采用硝酸盐、尿素、纤维素共混后热裂解的方法制备分级多孔炭HPC样品,通过改变煅烧温度和KOH活化处理对多孔炭比表面积及孔结构进行调控。对比三个不同温度煅烧活化处理后样品的循环伏安曲线、恒电流充放电曲线、比容量等电化学参数,结果表明,4AC@HPC800样品作为超级电容器工作电极具有优良的电化学性能,其比表面积高达2433.8 m²·g^-1,在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下比容量高达234.7 F·g^-1,在大电流密度10 A·g^-1时依然有207.6 F·g^-1的比容量,具有良好的倍率性能;电极在2 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环10000次后依然有196.1 F·g^-1的比容量,表明其具有长时工作的特性。     

纤维素基生物质多孔炭的制备及其超级电容器性能研究

以棉纤维素为原料,采用硝酸盐、尿素、纤维素共混后热裂解的方法制备分级多孔炭HPC样品,通过改变煅烧温度和KOH活化处理对多孔炭比表面积及孔结构进行调控。对比三个不同温度煅烧活化处理后样品的循环伏安曲线、恒电流充放电曲线、比容量等电化学参数,结果表明,4AC@HPC800样品作为超级电容器工作电极具有优良的电化学性能,其比表面积高达2433.8 m²·g^-1,在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下比容量高达234.7 F·g^-1,在大电流密度10 A·g^-1时依然有207.6 F·g^-1的比容量,具有良好的倍率性能;电极在2 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环10000次后依然有196.1 F·g^-1的比容量,表明其具有长时工作的特性。     

晶须形中空多孔氮掺杂复合碳电极材料的制备及电化学性能研究

中空多孔碳因其低密度、大孔容、高比表面积以及优良的电导率,被视为一种理想的电负极材料。以纳米碳酸钙晶须为模板剂,负载聚多巴胺薄膜与氧化石墨烯,作为碳源与氮源,制备出晶须形中空多孔碳材料（Cw-GO）,应用于锂离子电池负极。碳化过程中,碳酸钙晶须经高温分解释放出大量二氧化碳,刺破碳前体壳层,具有高效扩孔功能。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氮气吸附-脱附仪对样品形貌和结构进行了表征,利用循环伏安（CV）、阻抗谱（EIS）、循环充放电（GCD）对样品进行电化学性能检测。结果表明,复合材料Cw-GO在500 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,其初始放电比容量可达到1185.9 mA·h·g^-1,在循环200次后,比容量为921.8 mA·h·g^-1,库仑效率基本保持在99.4%,表现出优异的电化学性能。     

Three-dimensional oxygen-doped porous graphene: Sodium chloride-template preparation,structural characterization and supercapacitor performances

Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage device, which has the advantages of high-power property and long cycle life. In this study, three-dimensional graphene (3D-GN) with oxygen doping and porous structure was prepared from graphene oxide (GO) by an inexpensive sodium chloride (NaCl) template, as a promising electrode material for the supercapacitor. The structure, morphology, specific surface area, pore size, of the sample were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and BET techniques. The electrochemical performances of the sample were tested by CV and CDC techniques. The 3D-GE product is a three-dimensional nano material with hierarchical porous structures, its specific surface area is much larger than that of routine stacked graphene (GN), and it contains a large number of mesoporous and macropores, a small amount of micropores. The capacitance characteristics of the 3D-GN electrode material are excellent, showing high specific capacitance (173.5 F·g^-1 at 1 A·g^-1), good rate performance (109.2 F·g^-1 at 8 A·g^-1) and long cycle life (88% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 8 A·g^-1)     

秸秆基碳材料在Li2SO4电解液中的电化学性能

以生物质秸秆为碳源,利用水热结合KOH活化法制备了多孔碳材料,对其结构与形貌进行了表征。采用三电极体系,在不同浓度的Li₂SO₄电解液中,对多孔碳电极进行循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗测试。结果表明,在0.5 mol·L^-1的Li₂SO₄电解液中,秸秆基生物质碳材料呈现出较好的电化学性能。当电流密度为0.5 A·g^-1时,比电容可达224 F·g^-1;经1500次充放电测试后,比电容保持率高达94.1%,循环性能良好。     

FeS2@TiO2 nanorods as high-performance anode for sodium ion battery

Sodium-ion battery (SIB) is an ideal device that could replace lithium-ion battery (LIB) in grid-scale energy storage system for power because of the low cost and rich reserve of raw material. The key challenge lies in developing electrode materials enabling reversible Na⁺ insertion/desertion and fast reaction kinetics. Herein, a core-shell structure, FeS₂ nanoparticles encapsulated in biphase TiO₂ shell (FeS₂@TiO₂), is developed towards the improvement of sodium storage. The diphase TiO₂ coating supplies abundant anatase/rutile interface and oxygen vacancies which will enhance the charge transfer, and avoid severe volume variation of FeS₂ caused by the Na⁺ insertion. The FeS₂ core will deliver high theoretical capacity through its conversion reaction mechanism. Consequently, the FeS₂@TiO₂ nanorods display notable performance as anode for SIBs including long-term cycling performance (637.8 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.2 A·g^-1 after 300 cycles, 374.9 mA·h·g^-1 at 5.0 A·g^-1 after 600 cycles) and outstanding rate capability (222.2 mA·h·g^-1 at 10 A·g^-1). Furthermore, the synthesized FeS₂@TiO₂ demonstrates significant pseudocapacitive behavior which accounts for 90.7% of the Na⁺ storage, and efficiently boosts the rate capability. This work provides a new pathway to fabricate anode material with an optimized structure and crystal phase for SIBs.     

In-depth investigation on the factors affecting the performance of high oil-absorption resin by response surface method

A series of high oil-absorption resins with low cross-linking degree were synthesized by suspension polymerization using stearyl methacrylate(SMA), 2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate(EHMA), and styrene(St) as monomers.Response surface methodology(RSM) with central composite design(CCD) was also applied to determine the optimal parameters that are mainly known to affect their synthesis. Thus, the effects of the monomer mass ratio(EHMA:SMA), the rigid monomer(St) dosage, the porous agent(acetone) dosage, and their pairwise interaction on the resin's oil-absorption capacity were analyzed, highlighting PSES-R_2 as the resin with the optimum performance. The pure oil-absorption rates of PSES-R2 for gasoline, diesel, and kerosene were 11.19 g·g~(-1),16.25 g·g~(-1), and 14.84 g·g~(-1), respectively, while the oil removal rates from oily wastewater were 98.82%,65.11%, and 99.63%, respectively.     

结构有序的Si/void/C/graphene纳米复合结构的制备及储锂性能

采用简单的超声、冷冻干燥和热还原相结合的自组装方法,设计和构建了纳米硅核/间隙/无定形碳壳层/石墨烯（Si/void/C/graphene） 三维有序纳米复合结构。在该结构中,纳米硅核与碳壳层之间的空隙有效避免了硅的巨大体积膨胀对碳层的破坏,大幅度提高了锂离子电池的循环稳定性;将Si/void/C纳米结构嵌入在石墨烯层与层之间,利用石墨烯卓越的导电性和柔韧性,进一步缓冲了硅材料的体积效应和提高了复合材料的导电性能。该复合材料在4200 mA·h·g^-1（1 C）电流密度下循环1000次后比容量仍高达1603 mA·h·g^-1;在67 A·g^-1（16 C）的高倍率下,比容量仍有310 mA·h·g^-1,显示出了在锂离子电池负极材料领域的巨大应用潜力。     

A high-performance biochar produced from bamboo pyrolysis with in-situ nitrogen doping and activation for adsorption of phenol and methylene blue

Nitrogen doping is a promising method for the preparation of functional carbon materials. In this study, a nitrogen-doped porous coral biochar was prepared by using bamboo as raw material, urea as nitrogen source, and KHCO³ as green activator through in-situ pyrolysis. The structure of the obtained biochar was characterized by various techniques including nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and etc. The adsorption properties of nitrogen-doped biochar were evaluated with phenol and methylene blue probes. The results showed that the nitrogen source ratio had a significant effect on the evolution of pore structure of biochar. Low urea addition ratio was beneficial to the development of pore structures. The optimum specific surface area of nitrogen-doped biochar could be up to 1693 m²·g^-1. Nitrogen doping can effectively improve the adsorption capacity of biochar to phenol and methylene blue. Biochar prepared at 973.15 K with low urea addition ratio exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for phenol and methylene blue, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 169.0 mg·g^-1 and 499.3 mg·g^-1, respectively. By comparing the adsorption capacity of various adsorbents in related fields, it is proved that the nitrogen-doped biochar prepared in this study has a good adsorption effect.     

干法制备高中孔率生物质成型活性炭

以锯末为原料,氯化锌为活化剂,不添加黏结剂,采用干法混合后直接成型活化制备高中孔率生物质成型活性炭。为考察这种工艺的可行性,通过单因素实验,以亚甲基蓝吸附值为评价指标,考察了盐料比、活化温度、活化时间与成型密度对生物质成型活性炭吸附性能的影响,得出较优工艺条件为:盐料比1.0:1,活化温度950℃,活化时间为60min,成型密度为1.4g·cm^-3。在此工艺条件下制备得到的生物质成型活性炭,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为387mg·g^-1,BET比表面积为2104m²·g^-1,平均孔径为3.11nm,总孔容为1.63cm³·g^-1,中孔孔容为1.17cm³·g^-1,中孔率高达71.8%,初步证明了干法制备高中孔率生物质成型活性炭工艺的可行性。     

用椰壳制活性炭吸附去除三价铋离子(英文)

In present study,we report the preparation of coconut shell activated carbon as adsorbent and its appli-cation for Bi(Ⅲ) removal from aqueous solutions.The developed adsorbent was characterized with scanning elec-tron microscope(SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR),C,H,N,S analyzer,and BET surface area analyzer.The parameters examined include agitation time,initial concentration of Bi(Ⅲ),adsorbent dose and temperature.The maximum adsorption of Bi(Ⅲ)(98.72%) was observed at 250 mg·L-1 of Bi(Ⅲ) and adsorbent dose of 0.7 g when agitation was at 160 r·min-1 for 240 min at(299±2) K.The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb’s free energy(△Gθ),enthalpy(△Hθ) and entropy(△Sθ) were evaluated.For the isotherm models applied to adsorption study,the Langmuir isotherm model fits better than the Freundlich isotherm.The maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm was 54.35 mg?g?1 of Bi(Ⅲ).The kinetic study of the adsorption shows that the pseudo second order model is more appropriate than the pseudo first order model.The result shows that,coconut shell ac-tivated carbon is an effective adsorbent to remove Bi(Ⅲ) from aqueous solutions with good adsorption capacity.     

多孔碳负载五氧化二铌及其在超级电容器中的应用

以间苯二酚、甲醛和草酸铌为原料,通过原位聚合和高温煅烧,制备出多孔碳负载的五氧化二铌（Nb₂O₅）材料。X射线粉末衍射和扫描电镜分析表明,负载在多孔碳表面上的五氧化二铌具有三维纳米凸起结构,属于正交晶型。循环伏安测试表明该复合材料的比电容达到290 F·g^-1,并具有良好的大电流放电能力,5 A·g^-1的放电电流下,容量可以达到108 F·g^-1。0.5 A·g^-1的首次放电容量为355 F·g^-1 （1.0~3.0 V vs. Li⁺/Li）,100次循环后容量保持率为82%。通过对交流阻抗图谱和等效电路的模拟分析,对其电化学赝电容特性进行了讨论。该复合材料降低了电解液中离子在充放电过程中的迁移路径和扩散阻力,实现Nb₂O₅活性材料的多维度接触,提高了Nb₂O₅的导电性,改善了其超级电容特性。