3，3，3—三氟丙醛和3，3，3—三氟丙醛肟的制备

3,3a,4,6a-四氢环五烯并(?)唑-2-酮为手性中间体cis-5-氨基-2-环戊烯-1-醇的衍生物,作为重要的中间体可进行如下反应:     

Tb3+/Gd3+/Ce3+/Sb3+和Eu3+/Bi3+/Sb3+共掺玻璃的发光性能研究

为了得到显色改善的绿色和红色发光玻璃,本文采用高温熔融技术制备了Tb~(3+)/Gd~(3+)/Ce~(3+)/Sb~(3+)和Eu~(3+)/Bi~(3+)/Sb~(3+)共掺杂的硼硅酸盐透明玻璃。通过对共掺样品紫外可见吸收光谱的分析和长波紫外激发下的激发光谱及荧光光谱的分析,研究了Tb~(3+)/Gd~(3+)/Ce~(3+)/Sb~(3+)和Eu~(3+)/Bi~(3+)/Sb~(3+)共掺杂离子在玻璃基质中的发光性能,结果表明,在高能紫外光激发下,Tb~(3+)/Gd~(3+)/Ce~(3+)/Sb~(3+)共掺杂样品发射典型纯正绿光荧光的能力较强,Eu~(3+)/Bi~(3+)/Sb~(3+)共掺杂样品发射红光荧光的能力较强。     

2，3，3，3-四氟丙烯专利研究

欧洲指令2006／40关于汽车空调系统（MAC）规定在2011年1月1日后禁止使用GWP高于150的氟气体（F—gsses）,在距离此指令不到两年的时间中,正在开展关于替代HFC-134a（GWP：1300）制冷剂的激烈竞争。现在主要的替代制冷剂有HFC-152a、C02和2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯（HFO-1234yf,也称为HFC-1234）rf）。     

Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的制备与发光性质

采用高温固相法合成了Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+红色荧光粉,并研究了Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的发光特性。Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的激发光谱包含250nm～330nm和350nm～400nm的2个宽带,最大峰值位于383nm,可以被紫外-近紫外发光二极管(light-emitting diodes,LED)有效激发。Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+的发射谱显示出4组发射峰,其主发射峰位于620nm,对应Eu3+的5D0→7F2跃迁;Eu3+掺杂摩尔分数为2%时,Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+发光亮度最高。经分析发现Ba3Tb(BO3)3:Eu3+存在Tb3+→Eu3+的能量传递。     

3，3，3-三氟丙烯制备方法综述

本文对3，3，3-三氟丙烯的制备方法以及各种制备方法中所用到的催化剂进行了较为详尽的总结。     

3，3-二乙氧基丙腈

3,3-二乙氧基丙腈是合成维生素B1、胞嘧啶及其衍生物等重要化合物的前体。综述了3,3-二乙氧基丙腈的合成方法,包括酰胺脱水、金属氰化物取代、醚化和异噁唑法,用于工业化生产较为满意的合成路线是以1,1,3,3-四乙氧基丙烷为原料的异噁唑法。     

3，3，3-三甲氧基丙腈的合成与表征

以丙二腈为起始原料通过两步反应合成了3,3,3-三甲氧基丙腈,气相色谱分析产物纯度达到98．08％。采用气质联用、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对产物进行了表征。确定了第一步合成甲基氰基乙酰亚氨基盐酸盐的最佳反应条件为：溶剂含水量〈100×10-6^、通气时间3h、72g丙二腈、45mL甲醇、1440mL乙醚、常温搅拌时间7h;第二步合成3,3,3-三甲氧基丙腈的最佳反应条件为：甲基氰基乙酰亚氨基盐酸盐与甲醇的物料比为1g：7．35mL、搅拌时间24h、在反应i0h后移出副产物氯化铵、无水硫酸钠作为干燥剂。     

CaCO3与MoO3固相反应机理

采用非等温热重分析法对CaCO3与MoO3固相反应动力学进行了研究,由热重曲线及转化率分别拟合选取的13种固相反应机理函数,通过Coats-Refern方程分别求得活化能和指前因子,根据动力学参数及线性相关性判定该固相反应机理函数. 结果表明,CaCO3和MoO3于450℃开始反应,且速度较快,反应机理为随机成核随后生长,反应模型的积分形式为g(a)=-ln(1-a),活化能和指前因子分别为170.2 kJ/mol和1.3×107 s-1.     

CH_3NH_3PbBr_3单晶的生长、结构与形貌

采用溶液法合成甲胺溴铅(CH_3NH_3Pb Br_3)多晶原料,用溶液蒸发法生长了尺寸约为7 mm′7 mm′3 mm的CH_3NH_3PbBr_3晶体。测量了晶体的XRD谱,采用X射线外推法研究了晶体结构。结果表明:生长的CH_3NH_3Pb Br_3单晶为立方晶系结构,晶格参数a=0.592 76(7)nm。将微型溶液晶体生长装置与荧光共聚焦显微镜相结合,实时观测了不同生长条件下CH_3NH_3PbBr_3晶体的微观形貌和不同晶面的生长速率。得到(011)、(101)和(001)晶面的平均水平生长速率分别为0.017 57(6)、0.021 44(4)和0.018 65(7)nm/s;发达晶面簇为{110}和{100}。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001