三次采油用耐温抗盐聚合物的研究进展

概述三次采油用耐温抗盐聚合物的研究进展,特别是在超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺与耐温抗盐单体的共聚物、疏水缔合聚合物、新型结构的聚丙烯酰胺共聚物等几个热门领域上总结了较新的研究结果。     

耐温抗盐型聚丙烯酰胺研究进展

介绍了提高聚丙烯酰胺耐温抗盐性能的主要途径,综述了国内外耐温抗盐型聚丙烯酰胺的研究进展,指出了合成耐温抗盐单体共聚物和梳形聚合物是提高聚合物耐温抗盐性的有效途径.     

AMPS／AM／VP共聚物的合成

介绍了抗高温抗盐共聚物泥浆降滤失剂2－丙烯酰胺基－2－甲基丙磺酸／丙烯酰胺／N－乙烯基－2－吡咯烷酮（AMPS／AM／VP）共聚物的合成方法,并对其性能进行了室内评价。结果表明,AMPS／AM／VP共聚物具有较好的热稳定性和耐温抗盐能力。     

AMPS/AM/DEAM共聚物钻井液降滤失剂的合成

介绍了一种抗高温抗盐共聚物钻井液降滤失剂——２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基丙磺酸／丙烯酰胺／Ｎ,Ｎ－二乙基丙烯酰胺（ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＭ／ＤＥＡＭ）共聚物的合成方法,并对其性能进行了室内评价。结果表明,ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＭ／ＤＥＡＭ共聚物具有较好的热稳定性和耐温抗盐能力。     

耐温抗盐耐剪切型滑溜水降阻剂的制备探讨

针对耐温、抗盐、耐剪切型降阻剂的制备提出一些具体的思路。列举了一些可以提高耐温抗盐性的单体,例如含有强电解质基团的单体,包括乙烯基磺酸、丙烯基磺酸、乙烯基苯磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸;还有含有环状结构的单体,包括N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖、乙烯基糖苷、乙烯基β-环糊精、N-烯丙基咪唑、丙烯酰吗啉等。另外,乳液型疏水缔合丙烯酰胺共聚物既具有良好的溶解性也具有较好的抗剪切性。     

耐温抗盐耐剪切型滑溜水降阻剂的制备探讨

针对耐温、抗盐、耐剪切型降阻剂的制备提出一些具体的思路。列举了一些可以提高耐温抗盐性的单体,例如含有强电解质基团的单体,包括乙烯基磺酸、丙烯基磺酸、乙烯基苯磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸;还有含有环状结构的单体,包括N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖、乙烯基糖苷、乙烯基β-环糊精、N-烯丙基咪唑、丙烯酰吗啉等。另外,乳液型疏水缔合丙烯酰胺共聚物既具有良好的溶解性也具有较好的抗剪切性。     

针对超高温、超高矿化度油藏驱油剂的合成及性能评价

本文采用乳液聚合法,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、苯乙烯(St)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酸(AA)作为单体,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠引发剂,合成了一种新型耐温耐盐的四元共聚物,并对聚合物的各性能进行评价。结果表明,该四元共聚物具有良好的耐温抗盐性能;具有良好的耐剪切性能,具有良好的驱油性能。     

AM/AMPS/AMC14 S共聚物的合成

采用氧化 -还原引发体系 ,合成了丙烯酰胺 (AM) 2 -丙烯酰胺基 - 2 -甲基丙磺酸 (AMPS) 2 -丙烯酰胺基十四烷磺酸 (AMC14 S)三元共聚物。用红外光谱分析了聚合物的结构 ,初步评价了共聚物的溶液性能。结果表明 ,AM AMPS AMC14 S共聚物具有较好的热稳定性和耐温抗盐能力     

AMPS／AM／DEAM共聚物钻井液降滤失剂的合成

介绍了一种高温抗盐共聚物钻进液降滤失剂－２－丙类酰胺基－２－甲基丙磺酸／丙烯酰胺／Ｎ,Ｎ－二乙基丙烯酰胺（ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＭ／ＤＥＡＭ）共聚物的合成方法,并对其性能进行了室内评价。结果表明,ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＭ／ＤＥＡＭ共聚物具有较好的热稳定性和耐温抗盐能力。     

2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚物的水溶液性质研究

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为基料，用水溶液引发聚合的方法合成了AMPS／AM／AA／DEAM(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸／丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸／二乙基丙烯酰胺)四元共聚物，对其水溶液性质进行了研究。结果表明此共聚物具有较好的抗高温、抗高盐能力，是一种新型的耐温抗盐驱油用聚合物。     

双丙酮丙烯酰胺在聚丙烯酰胺改性中的应用

以双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,K2S2O8-NaHSO3氧化还原体系为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了P(AM-DAAM)二元共聚物,用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱进行了表征。研究了原料中单体配比、反应时间、引发剂用量对共聚物的特性粘数的影响。结果表明,当DAAM在共聚物中的含量为33.64%时,聚合物的特性粘数比相同条件下合成的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)提高9.9倍;通过对各种组成共聚物在不同盐溶液中的特性粘数的测定表明,该共聚物具有良好的耐盐性能。     

淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的合成及絮凝助留性能

采用乳液聚合技术 ,以水为分散介质 ,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化剂和分散稳定剂 ,用过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺 (AM)对淀粉 (St)的接枝共聚。接枝共聚物 (St -PAM)在 16 5 0、16 16和 1416cm-1(聚丙烯酰胺PAM的特征吸收 )处的红外光谱表明 ,在淀粉链上引入了酰胺基。控制接枝共聚条件 ,可使丙烯酰胺的接枝效率 (共聚单体占全部聚合单体的质量分数 )达到 90 .0 % ,共聚物中丙烯酰胺的接枝百分率 (St-PAM中PAM的质量分数 )达到 6 0 .9%。显著地改善了淀粉的糊化特性 ,减弱了直链淀粉的凝沉和胶凝倾向 ,使其在冷水中就具有良好的分散性。研究了淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的特点 ,考察了单体用量、反应温度、引发剂等因素对接枝共聚的影响 ,以及接枝共聚物对纸浆的絮凝和助留效果的影响。共聚物中丙烯酰胺的接枝百分率愈高 ,纸浆的絮凝速度和留着率愈大 ,接枝百分率为 6 0 .9%的共聚物可使纸浆的网上留着率提高 12 .3%。     

P（AMPS-AM-AOETAC-AA）聚合物钻井液防塌降滤失剂的合成

采用氧化-还原引发体系,以2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸为原料,合成了P（AMPS-AM-AOETAC-AA）聚合物钻井液防塌降滤失剂。通过均匀设计优化了反应条件,初步评价了共聚物的钻井液性能。结果表明,P（AMPS-AM-AOETAC-AA）聚合物作为钻井液处理剂具有热稳定性好和抗温能力强的特性,在淡水、盐水、饱和盐水和复合盐水钻井液中均具有较好的降滤失作用。经过150℃高温老化后仍能较好地控制钻井液的滤失量,且具有较好的防塌效果。     

Synthesis and solution properties of novel comb-shaped acrylamide copolymers

An amphiphilic macro-monomer of allyl polyoxyethylene-12 ether with butyl-end group (AE₁₂B) was synthesized, and its chemical structure was characterized. AE₁₂B and the other two macro-monomers with different hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups were copolymerized with acrylamide to prepare the novel comb-shaped acrylamide copolymer (CPAM) through aqueous free radical polymerization. The solution properties of CPAM with different side-chain lengths were studied and compared with those of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). The experimental results show that the obtained CPAM, compared to HPAM, exhibited a dramatic enhancement in the heat- and salt-resistant properties. In addition, the increase of the side-chain length and the amount of hydrophobic groups in the side-chain improved the thickening properties of CPAM solution under high temperature and high mineralization conditions. Among the investigated macro-monomers, AE₁₂B was optimized for the enhanced thickening properties of the CPAM solution.     

Diffusion coefficient of DMF in acrylic fiber formation

A H₂O/dimethyl formamide (DMF) mixture was used as the coagulation bath of wet‐spun process for acrylic fibers. Diffusion coefficient of DMF in the protofibers prepared by acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymers was determined. It has been found that diffusion coefficient of DMF outflow of the protofibers prepared by acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymers synthesized by solution polymerization is highest compared with those of acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymers synthesized by H₂O/DMF mixture suspension polymerization and aqueous suspension polymerization. With an increase of copolymer concentration in the dope, diffusion coefficient of DMF decreases continuously. Diffusion coefficient of DMF increases along with the bath temperature, but the changes in diffusion coefficient values are less prominent as temperature goes beyond 55°C. When DMF concentration in the coagulation bath was 50%, the value of the diffusion coefficient of DMF was minimal. Diffusion coefficient of DMF increases along with jet stretch minus ratio increase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3616–3619, 2006     

AM/DAAM二元共聚物的合成与表征

用一种氧化还原体系的引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺-N-(1,1-二甲基-3-氧代丁基)丙烯酰胺(AM/DAAM)二元共聚物。实验中分别考察了原料中单体配比、反应时间、引发剂用量对共聚物的特性粘数的影响;同时采用定量的方法考察了共聚物的溶解性能。结果表明,当DAAM在共聚物中的摩尔百分含量为33.64%时,聚合物的特性粘数比相同条件下合成的聚丙烯酰胺提高9.9倍;当共聚物中DAAM的含量为15%时,共聚物的溶解速率是相同条件下合成的聚丙烯酰胺的4倍。通过对各种组成共聚物在不同盐溶液中的特性粘数的测定,结果显示该共聚物具有良好的耐盐性能。另外,采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对共聚物进行了定性和定量的表征。     

Rheological kinetics of acrylonitrile–acrylamide copolymer solutions in dimethyl formamide

Viscosity behavior of dimethyl formamide solutions of acrylonitrile–acrylamide copolymer is discussed. The rheological kinetics of the solutions was studied for contrast. It is shown that the solutions behave the same as Newtonian flow as the rotor speed goes beyond 6 revolutions min⁻¹. With an increase of temperature, the apparent viscosity of acrylonitrile–acrylamide copolymer solutions shows a decreasing trend. The changes of the apparent flow–activation energy of solutions calculated by Arrhenius equation become less prominent along with the changes of the molecular weight of acrylonitrile–acrylamide copolymers. The apparent flow–activation energy of the copolymer solutions increases continuously with an increase of copolymer concentration. The viscosity of copolymer solutions decreases continuously at concentrations of KCl and NaCl up to 0.02 mol L⁻¹ and then increases. The apparent flow–activation energy of acrylonitrile–acrylamide copolymer solutions shows an obvious trend of decrease with addition of alkali salts and the changes of the apparent flow–activation energy of solutions containing NaCl are more prominent than those of solutions containing KCl. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 527–531, 2005     

Concentration effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-isopropylacrylamide on viscoelastic properties of hydrosoluble thermo-thickening copolymers

In this work, we described the preparation of hydrosolubles thermosensitive copolymers obtained via free radical polymerization in aqueous media. The reactions were carried out under different molar ratio of acrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and are considered [80]/[20], [60]/[40], [50]/[50], [40]/[60] and [20]/[80], respectively. The initial concentration of monomer mixture was kept at 3% (weight) based on the water volume. The polymerizations were performed at 70 °C under mechanical agitation during 7 h and the molar ratio between monomer and initiator (4,4′-azobis cyano pentanoic acid) was kept at 0.07%. The copolymers were characterized and results demonstrated that the monomer concentrations were closed to previously feed to the reaction. The turbidity point rises according to the quantity of poly(acrylamide), PAM, incorporated into the copolymers (composition value). Also, it was observed that the molecular weight of each copolymer decreases when the amount of NIPAM increases. On the other hand, the viscosity of all copolymers growth compared to the increase in the temperature from 25 to 70 °C is observed. Notwithstanding, in the case of copolymer with highest NIPAM concentration (CP5), the viscosity decreases in the temperature range from 60 to 70 °C.     

Novel amphiphilic copolymer with pendant tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl group: synthesis, characterization and employment in CE DNA separation

Hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers have been prepared by micellar copolymerization of hydrophilic monomer acrylamide and the silicone-containing hydrophobic comonomer, tris(trimethylsiloxy)methacryloxypropylsilane in various molar ratios. Capillary viscometer, FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and ¹H NMR were used to characterize these polymers. The results showed that the resulting copolymers are amphiphilic in nature and associate into micelles in water. 9-chloromethyl-anthracene was used as the fluorescent probe to further confirm the copolymer self-aggregates in water by fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity increased as a function of the hydrophobicity of copolymers. And the critical concentration of the self-aggregate formation of copolymer (molar ratio of acrylamide to hydrophobic silicone monomer being 75:1) determined fluorometrically was 0.5 g l⁻¹. The amphiphilic copolymers (molar ratio of acrylamide to hydrophobic silicone monomer being 20:1 and 100:1, respectively) were used as separation media in capillary electrophoresis for the separation of DNA. The experimental results indicate that the copolymer with higher hydrophobe content showed no separation efficient while the lower one separated most DNA fragments clearly in φX174/Hae III digest at very low copolymer concentration of 0.1 wt%.     

Water-soluble polymers as retention aids in a model papermaking system. IV. Some block and graft copolymers

In an attempt to relate the retention behavior of water-soluble polymers in paper formation from cellulose fibers and titanium dioxide, several copolymer types were synthesized. These were acrylamide–acrylonitrile random copolymers; block copolymers of acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and 2-vinylpyridine with poly(ethylene oxide); and acrylamide graft copolymers of ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Good retention and heteroflocculation behavior is shown only by the first of the above types of copolymers. Generally speaking, block copolymeric structures synthesized were of molecular size too small to act as good retention aids, although in a number of cases their performance was noticeably superior to that of the homopolymer analog. Adsorption isotherms are also reported and the overall results discussed in terms of a polymer bridging mechanism of heteroflocculation.