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1.
介绍了利用现代仪器光谱学技术对煤微观结构研究的方法,综述了利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等现代仪器光谱技术在煤微观结构的分析、煤的热解过程及其热解后产物的微观结构分析的研究现状,分析了煤微观结构的变化对煤的性质及其热解过程中性质变化的影响,展望了现代分析仪器在煤化工领域的应用前景。  相似文献   

2.
为了认识煤及显微组分热解过程微观结构的变化,利用红外光谱和拉曼光谱对含不同显微组分的淖毛湖煤在氮气气氛下热解半焦进行分析,研究热解半焦结构随温度的变化.分析结果表明:煤在温度<350℃干燥脱气后,其中的无定形碳和缺陷结构相对数量略有减少;当温度为350~500℃时,煤发生剧烈分解,其无定形碳和缺陷结构相对数量增加;当温...  相似文献   

3.
典型烟煤热解焦炭结构特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过热重实验研究了三种典型烟煤在热解条件下粒径变化对焦炭结构特性的影响,并用扫描电镜对不同反应条件下的焦炭表面结构进行了观察.结果表明,现对于毫米级的煤颗粒而言,颗粒粒径变化对于挥发分析出速率的影响并不显著,但不同煤种的焦炭结构特性差别很大.对于塑性较小的煤,随着颗粒粒径的增大容易在热解过程中破碎,而对于塑性较大的煤在热解后不易破碎,但颗粒会出现膨胀和表面蓬松等现象,掌握焦炭结构特性变化对不同煤种的高效利用具有重要意义.  相似文献   

4.
5.
以内蒙褐煤为研究对象,在固定床反应器上考察了催化剂对不同粒径褐煤热解过程中的各气体组分含量以及产气率的影响,通过XRD研究了热解后煤焦的微晶结构特性。研究结果表明:无论是原煤还是负载催化剂的褐煤,随着粒径增大,其热解产气率下降;对于各气体组分,CO,H2,CH4含量均随原煤颗粒粒径增大而下降,CO_2却呈相反趋势。而在粒径相同的情况下,负载催化剂的试样热解产气率稍大于原煤试样,且随着催化剂含量的增大,产气率提高,试样热解产生的CO_2和CH4含量呈增加趋势,但H2,CO含量却有所下降。对于粒径较大的试样,由于挥发分脱除不够完全,生成的煤焦碳化程度较低,使得煤焦石墨化程度也较低。此外,当粒径相同的情况下,负载催化剂的煤焦碳微晶结构越无序,则随着催化剂负载量的增加,越阻碍试样石墨化的进程。  相似文献   

6.
《煤化工》2015,(4):38-42
从煤热解机理出发,论述了煤热解催化剂的分类及其催化机理,详细阐述了不同催化剂对煤热解产物的影响,指出了催化剂研究的热点是廉价铁基催化剂和负载类催化剂,并从催化剂的制备、反应气氛、热解工艺3方面对催化效果的影响进行了分析。  相似文献   

7.
利用固定床热解炉和热重分析仪研究了沙尔湖煤显微组分的热解特性和产物产率,考察了酸洗处理对热解产物和动力学参数的影响。结果表明:经浮沉实验发现镜质组富集于S2(密度为1.4~1.5g/cm3浮选煤样)中,惰质组富集于S3(密度为>1.5g/cm3浮选煤样)中,其中S3所含硅铝酸盐类矿物显著高于S2。且碱及碱土金属(alkali and alkaline earth metals, AAEM)多以可溶性形式存在,经酸洗处理后剩余矿物质主要为石英、高岭土及硅酸盐类。在选用不同煤样进行热解特性分析发现,碱及碱土金属的存在会抑制热解主反应阶段的挥发分释放,而在二次脱气阶段,AAEM矿物质则会提高挥发分的释放速率。且在热解实验中发现,AAEM在热解中会充当煤大分子结构的交联点,降低热解焦油产率。对比不同显微组分发现,惰质组热稳定性更强,镜质组中烷烃侧链较多,芳香度较小,更易受热断裂。采用Doyle积分法确定了沙尔湖煤热解反应的动力学参数。  相似文献   

8.
固体结构表征是揭示煤热化学转化反应机理的重要手段,目前对煤热化学转化过程中固体结构的原位表征研究较为缺乏。采用原位拉曼光谱仪研究了单颗粒煤热解、煤焦气化和煤焦低温氧化过程中碳结构的演变特性。结果表明:在煤热解过程中,煤大分子结构经历裂解和芳环融合两个阶段,裂解阶段大量侧链基团断裂,芳环融合阶段分子尺寸增大。在煤焦气化过程中,煤焦的面积收缩率随粒度增大而减小,煤焦气化导致碳结构的石墨化演变,且石墨化演变随粒度增大而延迟。在煤焦低温氧化过程中,反应前中期(碳转化率X<60%)含氧结构的形成导致煤焦的碳结构有序度降低,随非晶碳结构的消耗,碳基体的碳微晶结构逐渐趋于有序,在反应后期未反应碳形成高度有序的类石墨结构。  相似文献   

9.
加压富氧燃烧被认为是一种更加高效清洁的第2代富氧燃烧技术而备受关注。热解作为煤燃烧的第1步,不同的热解条件(压力、气氛、升温速率等)将直接影响煤焦的物理和化学结构,导致其燃烧反应性的差异,目前加压富氧燃烧条件下,煤焦反应性与结构性质之间的关联研究鲜见报道。自主设计并建立了一套加压聚光光热快速升温试验平台,最大升温速率可达80℃/s,选用红沙泉(HSQ)和五彩湾(WCW)2种准东煤,制备了不同压力(常压~1.5 MPa)及热解气氛(N_2、CO_2)下的煤焦,采用比表面积分析仪、拉曼分析仪、热重分析仪等表征手段考察了压力及热解气氛对煤焦的结构特性及其燃烧反应性的影响。结果表明,在惰性N_2气氛下,HSQ和WCW煤在压力1.5 MPa时的煤焦产率较常压下分别增加了3.54%和10.49%;在CO_2气氛下,HSQ煤在压力1.5 MPa时的煤焦产率较常压下降低了16.40%,煤焦产率在2种气氛下随压力的改变呈相反趋势。N_2气氛下,随着压力从常压增至0.4 MPa, HSQ/WCW煤焦的比表面积增加,从24.20/14.85 m~2/g增至26.27/46.19 m~2/g,但压力继续增至1.5 MPa时,HSQ/WCW煤焦的比表面积呈下降趋势,从26.27/46.19 m~2/g降至21.21/39.46 m~2/g;相同压力下,CO_2气氛下制备的煤焦孔隙结构更发达,常压和1.5 MPa压力时,CO_2气氛下制备的HSQ煤焦比表面积分别为N_2气氛制备煤焦的6.46和9.03倍,这也是CO_2气氛下制备的HSQ煤焦燃烧反应性优于N_2气氛煤焦的主要原因。随着压力增加,2种气氛下,2种煤焦拉曼光谱分峰拟合计算得到的I_((GR+VL+VR))/I_D值均逐渐下降,煤焦的化学结构趋于更加稳定,这也使得高压下制备煤焦的燃烧反应性下降。但相同压力下,CO_2气氛下制备的HSQ煤焦I_((GR+VL+VR))/I_D值低于N_2气氛制备的HSQ煤焦,高压下由于CO_2与焦炭的气化反应增强,消耗更多的无定形碳,2种气氛的I_((GR+VL+VR))/I_D差异更明显,但由于物理孔隙结构差异的主导作用,使CO_2气氛下制备的HSQ煤焦燃烧反应性更好。可见,煤焦的燃烧反应性受其物理结构和化学结构的共同影响。  相似文献   

10.
二次反应对煤热解产品组成的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
煤的热妥是煤炭转化过程中的第一步,通过热解可以产生高质量的热解煤气及珍贵的液体产品。然而在实际过程中,对热解产品的组成有不同的要求。因此,研究煤热解二次反应对实际过程有着重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

11.
    
This study used micro-Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector/thermal conductivity detector (GC–FID/TCD) to analyze the structure and pyrolysis reactions of nine typical coals and chars from Xinjiang. The study fitted 10 Gaussian bands of typical Xinjiang coal and investigated the changes in coal structure during coalification and pyrolysis. The results indicated that the reduction degree of CO structures in coal during coalification had a rough linear relationship with the Vdaf (dry ash-free volatile matter) content. During coalification, the condensation of aromatic rings is accompanied by a continuous decrease of CO structures, while the contents of cross-linking and substitution structures decrease persistently relative to the large aromatic ring structures. The influence of coal type on char yield for typical Xinjiang coal is within 15 wt.%; the influence on tar yield is within 8.5%, with a greater impact on the yield of alkanes and phenols in tar; the influence on CO yield in pyrolysis gas is within 6.3%. The relative content of large aromatic ring structures in coal is relatively stable during pyrolysis, while the relative content of small aromatic ring structures declines as coal transforms into char. The study inferred that small aromatic rings might decompose and transform into tar after pyrolysis reaction, which also resulted in a high selectivity of phenolic products in tar from most coal pyrolysis above 40%. This study revealed the structural changes and pyrolysis product distribution of nine typical coals and chars from Xinjiang, providing useful information for their utilization.  相似文献   

12.
采用热重(TG)分析仪对介休水峪煤样的热解及燃烧特性进行了研究,并考察了升温速率对煤的热解与燃烧特性的影响,得出了不同升温速率下的燃烧特性参数,如着火温度、燃烧最大速率、燃尽温度、燃烧特性指数等,并计算了不同升温速率下的反应动力学参数。经研究发现:煤在热解与燃烧区间的某一温度范围内能较好地满足一级反应方程,且线性相关系数都在0.98以上。由一级反应动力学模型得出的活化能与指前因子等数据能较好地验证煤的TG/DTG曲线所得出的一些结论。  相似文献   

13.
采用热重分析仪和微型流化床分别考察了不同煤阶五个煤样的程序升温和等温快速热解的挥发分析出特性和反应动力学.程序升温实验揭示了热解气体的析出顺序依次为CO2,CO,CH4和H2,而等温热解实验证明CO2和CO的析出先于CH4和H2.微型流化床等温快速热解的挥发分气体总量析出活化能为17kJ/mol~35kJ/mol,小于程序升温热解的活化能.CO2和CO的反应级数与1接近,而CH4和H2的反应级数与1偏差较大,反映了这两类气体在生成机制上存在差异.  相似文献   

14.
粒度对煤粒燃烧和热解影响的理论分析   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
在化学热力学和动力学理论中引入表面项,并由此来分析和讨论粒度对煤颗粒燃烧和热解反应的影响规律.研究结果表明,煤颗粒的粒度对其燃烧和热解反应的热力学性质和动力学参数有明显的影响,粒度越小,影响越大;减小煤颗粒的粒径,化学反应的吉布斯函数差减小,煤颗粒燃烧和热解的趋势增大,使着火温度和热解温度降低,自燃容易发生;并且减小煤颗粒的粒径,其摩尔表面能增大,导致其燃烧和热解的表观活化能降低和速率常数增大,使煤颗粒的燃烧和热解速率加快,使转化率、燃尽度和热解度增加.  相似文献   

15.
An attempt is made to draw analogies between rapid coal pyrolysis and coal combustion in order to use a singular observation made on the latter to validate an important modelling assumption associated with the former. Identical kinetics for the two complex processes are not implied; rather, parallels between their global behaviour are highlighted. What has been experimentally validated via a set of novel combustion experiments on low-c.v. coal-derived syngas combustion is the observation that a set of overlapping independent parallel first-order reactions describing non-isothermal rapid coal pyrolysis can be analytically approximated by a single first-order Arrhenius expression having a lower activation energy than any of the reactions of the set.  相似文献   

16.
东胜煤非等温热解特性与动力学参数确定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郑明东  白大勇 《煤化工》2006,34(2):13-16,21
采用热重法考察了升温速率对高挥发分弱黏结性东胜煤热解特性的影响,结果表明:煤热解的3个阶段特征明显,最大失重速率温度(Tp)介于430℃ ̄480℃之间,由回归方程得到Tp和升温速率Ф之间的关系式为:Tp=1.124 4Ф+426.95;并采用非等温热重法对东胜煤的热解动力学参数进行了计算,结果表明其热解动力学参数能很好地反映煤的热解状况,东胜煤的反应级数确定为3。  相似文献   

17.
Harald Jüntgen 《Fuel》1984,63(6):731-737
Kinetic data show that the pyrolysis reactions of hard coal may be interpreted in terms of parallel first order reactions, relating to the coal functional groups which can be considered as predecessors of the pyrolysis products. This relation is confirmed by C-, H- and O-balances of pyrolysis products and those of the corresponding predecessor structural groups of the coal. The activation energies measured are of the same order of magnitude as the bonding energies of bridge CC bonds between the aromatic ring-systems in the coal molecule. These observations suggest a mechanism of coal pyrolysis, consisting of the following steps: rupture of CC bridges; formation of radical groups; and recombination of radicals to stable molecules part of which, i.e., those of low molecular weight, diffuse out of the solid matter whereas the rest (whose diffusion in the pore system of the solid is prevented due to their higher molecular weight) react with each other at higher temperatures to give coke, releasing elementary hydrogen. In the presence of hydrogen > 500 °C, additional reactions of partial hydrogenation of polynuclear aromatics with subsequent hydrocracking will occur, leading to increased formation of highly aromatic tar, BTX, CH4 and H2O.  相似文献   

18.
The kinetics of coal pyrolysis may be influenced either by chemical reaction or by transport processes, the latter becoming rate-determining at increasing heating rate, particle size and pressure. Quantitative data are reported for those parameters which cause pyrolysis to become transport-controlled. The experiments have been performed with three different coals in H2 and N2, at heating rates ranging from 103 to 104 K s?1, pressure from 0.1 to 150 bar and particle size from 0.063 to 0.8 mm.  相似文献   

19.
提出一种全新的气相均相反应动力学的研究方法. 利用实时在线拉曼光谱的点测量特点,将所测得的气相浓度和温度值通过逆命题运算对气相均相反应过程直接去卷积,确定过程的物理和化学系数. 实时在线测量得到的沿垂直射流反应器中轴线上的组分分子振动拉曼光谱被用来确定气相组分的浓度分布.同时氮气的纯转动拉曼光谱被用来确定气相温度分布.通过该方法,得到了稳定状态下TMGa-N2二元系中组分浓度扩散系数和气相均相化学反应速度常数,所得到的结果与其他文献值相一致.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of the present research was to test a mathematical model of coal devolatilization. Verification of the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and endothermic heat of pyrolysis was carried out by measurement of the coal particle temperature at the outer surface and in the center of the particle. The model, with recommended thermal and transport data, was then tested on the basis of gaseous products generation rates and total mass loss during experiments with coal granules of size 4-20 mm and coal grains 0.08-5 mm dropped into a hot fluidized bed.  相似文献   

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