醇胺聚酯多元醇的合成及应用研究

以Ｎ－甲基二乙醇胺和癸二酸为原料，在催化剂作用下合成了醇胺聚酯多元醇。探讨了反应时间、反应温度、与比等参数对反应及产品性能的影响。找出了最佳合成条件。将该产品用于聚氨酯弹性体配方中，与一般的聚酯多元醇制得的弹性体相比，礤耐温性、耐焰性及制品尺寸稳定性均得到提高。     

尼龙酸聚酯类增塑剂的合成与表征

以1,2-丙二醇(PDO)或二甘醇(DEG)为溶剂,将工业副产物尼龙酸(NA)及活性炭按一定比例混合,氮气保护下加热搅拌、溶解、经过一定时间后,趁热过滤得到近无色的尼龙酸二元醇溶液。再以所得溶液为主要原料,经酯化、缩聚等反应,合成了一系列环保型的尼龙酸聚酯增塑剂,利用核磁共振(1H-NMR、13C-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等手段对所得增塑剂进行了表征。结果表明,利用该方法可方便、经济、高效地合成尼龙酸聚酯类增塑剂。     

新型超支化聚酯的合成及增塑剂性能研究

以聚酯多元醇DJ1为原料,通过酯化反应合成产物DJ1-C8、DJ1-C5、DJ1-C2并进行表征,同时对合成的产品进行PVC增塑实验及其与DEHP的复配增塑实验,实验后的结果表明,DJ1系列产品酯化比较完全,并且与PVC的相容性良好。增塑性能方面,该系列聚酯型增塑剂与DEHP复配使用时能明显降低DEHP的挥发率与溶出率,而且硬度等增塑剂性能方面没有明显的降低。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂合成与应用研究进展

综述了近年来邻苯二甲酸酯类聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑剂合成与应用研究的进展,并对我国增塑剂向绿色、环保方向发展提出了建议。     

甘油基聚酯PVC增塑剂的制备及应用研究

以甘油、六氢苯酐为原料,钛酸四正丁酯为催化剂,2-乙基己醇为封端剂,环己烷为带水剂,经脱水缩聚、减压蒸馏制备聚六氢苯酐甘油酯。探究实验得到合成聚六氢苯酐甘油酯的佳醇酸摩尔比、催化剂和封端剂用量。通过红外光谱分析(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)、高效凝胶色谱分析(GPC)等对聚酯的结构、热稳定性及平均分子量进行了表征,并将该聚酯加入到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中,按照定配方制得PVC试片。结果表明:佳反应条件是六氢苯酐、甘油的摩尔比为1.0:1.4,2-乙基己醇、六氢苯酐的的摩尔比为0.8:1.0,催化剂用量为甘油、六氢苯酐和2-乙基己醇总量的1.0%;产品酸值在1.55 mgKOH/g左右,平均分子量在4 500左右,酯化率达到99.6%;产品呈淡黄色,热稳定性良好;制得PVC试片的拉伸性能和热稳定性较高,聚酯的迁移率较低。     

聚酯增塑剂的合成及改性研究进展

聚酯增塑剂因其良好的耐久性和安全性,已在许多领域获得应用。对聚酯增塑剂进行改性,以适应不同的应用场合,是当前研究的主要方向。聚酯增塑剂分别通过嵌段共聚、支化和复配的改性手段,达到功能增加、增塑性能提高、成本降低的目的。综述了聚酯增塑剂的合成与改性方法,同时对聚酯增塑剂的发展做了展望。     

耐久性聚酯增塑剂的研究

文本研制成功的新型耐久性聚酯增塑剂填补了国内空白。文中探讨了反应机理和合成路线,并进行了各项工艺条件试验。在选定的工艺条件下,产品总收率达95%以上,产品平均分子量<3000,产品质量指标优于相应的混合二元酸丙二醇聚缩增塑剂。     

芳烃聚酯多元醇的合成及应用研究

介绍了以聚对苯对二甲酸乙二醇酯残渣和二乙二醇为主要原料制备低成本芳烃聚酯多元醇的工艺路线，讨论了温度，ＤＥＧ和ＰＥＴ残渣的摩尔比对芳烃聚酯多元醇性能的性能。试验表明，最佳反应温度为１９０℃－２２０℃，最佳摩尔比为１．２２－１．３４。研究了稳定剂对聚酯多元醇组合料贮存稳定性的影响，组合料贮存期在半年以上。聚酯型聚所酯硬泡的氧指数达２７．５％。     

阻燃聚酯多元醇的合成及应用

研究了以四溴苯酐、聚乙二醇400和1.2-丙二醇为原料,以二正丁胺为催化剂,合成的含溴聚酯多元醇的方法,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等对合成反应的影响。结果表明,当反应温度控制在110~200℃,升温速度以15℃/h,反应时间15 h左右,催化剂质量分数在0.05%~0.1%时,阻燃聚酯多元醇酸值小于2.0 mmKOH/g,粘度在3.0 Pa.s左右时,用该产品制备硬度阻燃聚氨酯泡沫具有优良的阻燃性能。     

PVC薄膜中增塑剂在水环境中迁移规律研究

研究了PVC中的增塑剂在水中的迁移情况及时间、温度等因素对迁移的影响。同时研究了增塑剂迁移对薄膜力学性能的影响。     

植物油基聚酯酰胺多元醇的合成及其在水性聚氨酯中的应用

以菜籽油和二乙醇胺为原料制备了脂肪醇酰胺混合多元醇RDEA,进一步和己二酸等原料反应合成了系列的聚酯酰胺多元醇,并对两类多元醇进行了表征。以聚酯酰胺多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯等原料合成了水性聚氨酯脲（PUU）分散液及聚氨酯脲-乙烯基聚合物（PUA）复合水分散液,并对其流变性能及稳定性进行了研究。     

绿色增塑剂的研究进展

综述了国内外关于绿色增塑剂领域的最新研究应用进展,主要介绍了柠檬酸酯类、植物油基及环氧酯类、聚酯类和新型非邻苯类等增塑剂的制备方法、物理化学性质、热力学性能和力学性能以及在材料制品中的应用现状,并对其进行了比较;最后,对绿色增塑剂的应用前景做了展望。     

改性凹凸棒土对软质聚氯乙烯中增塑剂抽出性的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂对凹凸棒土(ATP)纳米粒子一次改性后,再引入硬脂酸进行复合改性处理,得到了表面有机化、强疏水性的ATP,通过红外光谱分析、接触角测试、比表面积测试以及热重分析研究了改性前后ATP的结构和性能变化。采用熔融复合法制备了软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)/ATP纳米复合材料,测定其溶剂抽出性能、力学性能等。结果表明,复合改性后的ATP与PVC相容性较好,降低了PVC中增塑剂在溶剂中的抽出率,并提高了其力学性能。     

Synthesis and application of a natural plasticizer based on cardanol for poly(vinyl chloride)

A natural plasticizer with multifunctional groups, similar in structure to phthalates, cardanol derivatives glycidyl ether (CGE) was synthesized from cardanol by a two‐step modification process and characterized by FT‐IR, ¹HNMR, and ¹³CNMR. The resulting product was incorporated to PVC (CGE/PVC), and plasticizing effect was compared with PVC incorporated with two kinds of commercial phthalate ester plasticizers bis (2‐ethylhexyl) benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (DOTP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Dynamic mechanical analysis and mechanical properties testing of the plasticized PVC samples were performed in order to evaluate their flexibility, compatibility, and plasticizing efficiency. SEM was employed to produce fractured surface morphology. Thermogravimetric analysis and discoloration tests were used to characterize the thermal stabilities. Dynamic stability analysis was used to test the processability of formulations. Compared with DOTP and DINP plasticized samples, CGE/PVC has a maximum decrease of 9.27% in glass transition temperature (T_g), a maximum increase of 17.6% in the elongation at break, and a maximum increase of 31.59°C and 25.31 min in 50% weight loss (T50) and dynamic stability time, respectively. The obtained CGE also has slightly lower volatility resistance and higher exudation resistance than that of DOTP and DINP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42465.     

Synthesis and application of an alternative plasticizer Di(2‐Ethylhexyl)‐1,2‐cyclohexane dicarboxylate

Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid esters are environmentally friendly and non‐toxic plasticizers, and have similar performance with phthalates which have potential toxicity to human health. In this article, di(2‐ethylhexyl)‐1,2‐cyclohexane dicarboxylate (DEHCH) was synthesized via esterification between hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) with iso‐octanol by using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The effects of reaction parameters on esterification were studied by investigating the temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of iso‐octanol‐to‐HHPA, and catalyst content. Conversions of HHPA to esters were determined. Functional group analysis was conducted by using FTIR and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. PVC compounds after addition of the synthesized plasticizer DEHCH presented similar plasticizing performance with DEHP and DINCH, as demonstrated by comparisons of the results of mechanical properties, transparency, and volatilization and migration tests obtained for plasticized PVC compounds. DEHCH can also be considered as an alternative plasticizer for DEHP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39763.     

The molecular, physical and mechanical properties of highly plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes

Highly plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes (200 parts per hundred resin, phr) form the basis of ion-selective electrodes. The effects that five different plasticizers with different chemical structures, polarities and molecular weights have on modified mechanical properties such as strength, secant stiffness, toughness and ductility were examined by puncture testing. As a function of membrane thickness, strength, toughness, and secant stiffness increase, while ductility remains constant. For maximal membrane strength and toughness, plasticizer should be roughly 1000. The optimal ratio of experimental plasticization level (phr_exp = 200) to the minimal level required for complete plasticization (phr_min) was found to be 2. A ‘tube’-like model for plasticizer interaction with polymer chains is proposed to explain the vast differences in the mechanical properties of membranes.     

Synthesis and characterization of biobased polyester PVC plasticizers to industrial manufacturing of tubes

The search for the substitution of phthalate derivatives in the process of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticization is a matter of intensive research, due to the increasing proofs about phthalate toxicity. With this objective, a series of novel saturated polyesters (SPs) were synthesized by polycondensation from different biobased acids and diols, and end-capped with 2-tetradecyloctadecan-1-ol (TDOD). After characterization, the SPs were incorporated in an industrial formulation for flexible PVC and the mechanical properties of the films analyzed by tensile tests, DMTA, and DSC. The tensile tests revealed a similar ultimate tensile strength and a higher elongation at break for the PVC with SP as plasticizers compared with DEHTP (di[2-ethylhexyl] terephthalate). The SP showing the most promising results was chosen to carry on an industrial manufacturing of a transparent tube. The migration tests of the tube show a much less leaching properties compared with tube prepared using the plasticizer DEHTP. All the results indicate that SPs can be an industrially viable and excellent alternative to DEHTP.     

Copolyesters as non‐toxic plasticizers

Plasticized polymer materials have taken an enormous role in our everyday life. Most of the common plasticizers are aromatics, esters of phthalic acid. Since they are not chemically bonded to the polymer matrix, they can be released from material while being used. The concerns raised about toxicity led to a large demand for producing biodegradable and non‐toxic plasticizers. We investigated aliphatic copolyesters synthesized via ring opening polymerization of lactones as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride). The material properties of the formulations, such as glass transition temperature and mechanical performance, were studied. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

环保增塑剂及热稳定剂在PVC中的协同作用

以农林剩余物资源腰果酚为原料合成腰果酚基乙酸酯增塑剂(CA),并用不饱和天然油脂为原料制备多效的油脂源钙锌复合热稳定剂(OMFCTS),将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行共混,通过动态力学性能,热重分析,拉伸性能测试以及静态热稳定性分析,研究其增塑效果及协同作用,并与增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)及热稳定剂硬脂酸钙锌盐进行对比。结果表明,含有20份CA增塑剂及OMFCTS热稳定剂的PVC增塑体系的玻璃化转变温度及储能模量低于PVC/DOP增塑体系;热失重10%及50%的温度明显升高,第一最大失重速率温度和第二最大失重速率温度基本保持不变;断裂伸长率提高到了248.66%,拉伸强度降至5.84 MPa;静态热稳定时间可延长到50 min以上。综上可知,CA增塑剂及OMFCTS热稳定剂联用,可有效改善PVC共混体系的相容性、力学性能及热稳定性,提高制品的综合应用性能及环保性。