Convection battery—modeling,insight, and review

Porous electrode theory was used to model performance of the convection battery using lithium iron‐phosphate chemistry. The model results and underlying equations were able to quantify and extend previous interpretations of laboratory validation studies. These analyses substantiated the following conclusions on the performance of the convection battery: (a) flow in the convection battery can reduce concentration overpotentials by 99.9%, (b) both the ionic and electron conductivities of solid phases can have a major impact on convection battery performance, and (c) the solid‐phase ionic conductivity of a porous separator is an important design parameter and is not considered by porous electrode theory as published to date. In view of the ability of the convection battery to overcome both bulk diffusion and liquid‐phase effective conductivity limitations; the convection battery has an unprecedented potential to redefine the performance of large batteries. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2833–2842, 2013     

Zukunftstechnologie Lithium‐Batterien – Technologie‐Roadmap für Lithium‐Gerätebatterien

In the presented paper, the future trends and developments of lithium device batteries were investigated by bibliometric analysis of the battery development together with an expert consultation. The resulting technology roadmap presents typical chemical compositions of lithium‐containing primary and secondary batteries, the influence of different substances on various battery features and expected changes in weight of batteries in three surveyed time periods.     

电解液对锂离子电池性能的影响

锂离子电池的性能与电解液有着密切的关系。电解液的组成主要是:有机溶剂、锂盐、添加剂。本文综述了电解液组成对锂离子电池电化学性能的影响规律;探讨了电解液量对锂离子电池性能的影响以及不同正极材料锂离子电池对电解液量的需求。     

Polyethylene battery separator with auto‐shutdown ability,thermal stability of 220°C,and hydrophilic surface via solid‐state ultraviolet irradiation

To assure the safety of the lithium‐ion battery, the separator is required to have good thermal stability. Because the single‐layer polyethylene (PE) separator can only tolerate a temperature of 130°C, it is seldom employed currently by lithium‐ion battery manufacturers although its cost is low. In this article, we modified PE separator chain structure through solid‐state ultraviolet (UV) irradiation method to achieve a separator with composite structure of ～40% crystallized PE and ～70% gel content. Approximately 40% crystallized PE chains fulfill the task of auto‐shutdown at 130°C through melting and filling the pores. At the same time, the PE separator can maintain integrity till 220°C because of its highly cross‐linked chain structure. Besides, the modified PE separator is hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 33° after UV treatment and is able to absorb more electrolyte. However, the tensile strength and elongation at the break decreased because the cross‐linking network increased the rigidity. Nevertheless, these values still meet the requirements as the separator for lithium‐ion battery. Considering the low cost and easy preparation, current cross‐linked PE separator has potential to be used in lithium‐ion batteries for various applications, including electric vehicles and energy storage purpose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42169.     

Bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) based crosslinked network polymers as electrolytes for all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries

Polymer electrolyte based lithium ion batteries represent a revolution in the battery community due to their intrinsic enhanced safety, and as a result polymer electrolytes have been proposed as a replacement for conventional liquid electrolytes. Herein, the preparation of a family of crosslinked network polymers as electrolytes via the ‘click‐chemistry’ technique involving thiol‐ene or thiol‐epoxy is reported. These network polymer electrolytes comprise bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) as the lithium ion solvating polymer, pentaerythritol tetrakis (3‐mercaptopropionate) as the crosslinker and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide as the lithium salt. The crosslinked network polymer electrolytes obtained show low T_g, high ionic conductivity and a good lithium ion transference number (ca 0.56). In addition, the membrane demonstrated sterling mechanical robustness and high thermal stability. The advantages of the network polymer electrolytes in this study are their harmonious characteristics as solid electrolytes and the potential adaptability to improve performance by combining with inorganic fillers, ionic liquids or other materials. In addition, the simple formation of the network structures without high temperatures or light irradiation has enabled the practical large‐area fabrication and in situ fabrication on cathode electrodes. As a preliminary study, the prepared crosslinked network polymer materials were used as solid electrolytes in the elaboration of all‐solid‐state lithium metal battery prototypes with moderate charge–discharge profiles at different current densities leaving a good platform for further improvement. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

水泥厂不间断电源系统的锂电池置换方案

介绍了一种基于锂电池的不间断电源系统配置方案,可置换当前水泥厂应用中基于铅酸电池的UPS系统。基于锂电池的不间断电源系统由锂电池组、电池管理系统、UPS主机三部分组成。锂电池组的使用寿命是铅酸电池的4倍以上,标称能量5.76kWh,可满足6kVA的UPS持续工作1h左右。     

Calculation methods of heat produced by a lithium‐ion battery under charging‐discharging condition

Lithium‐ion batteries generate considerable amounts of heat under the condition of charging‐discharging cycles. This paper presents quantitative measurements and simulations of heat release. A thermal condition monitoring system was built to obtain the temperature of a lithium‐ion battery under electrical heating conditions. The results have been validated using two independent simulation methods and show that the heat generated by the battery increases with the decrease of the discharge resistance. In addition, although the total amounts of heat release are larger under lower discharge resistance, the rate of heat release is relatively small. Two methods were reported namely analogy method and data‐fitting in order to determine the heat generated by the lithium‐ion battery. The results are crucial findings for risk assessment and management.     

锂离子电池产业分析及市场展望

得益于多年培育，当前中国锂电池产业链发展齐全，电池技术进步明显，锂电市场增长迅速，行业迎来更多的发展机遇。一方面，作为国家鼓励发展的行业，锂电池产业受政策和技术进步等推动而发展迅速；另外一方面，锂资源等问题也制约着锂电池产业的发展。通过研究相关文献等对锂离子电池技术发展和产业链进行了介绍，对影响锂电池产业发展的重要因素包括政策、技术发展、成本及锂资源等进行了论述，并结合相关数据对全球锂电池市场发展进行了展望，未来3 a全球锂电池市场将继续保持较快增长并有望迎来“TWh”（“亿千瓦时”，即1 000 GW·h，下同）时代。指出在锂电池性能、回收、行业标准化和能源生产端等方面的不足，建议加大研究力度和探讨适宜政策促进行业规范化，提醒需谨慎防范短期发展过热和产能过剩。     

锂电正极材料的生命周期评价

在生命周期评价的基础上,本文通过对锂电正极材料五个阶段对环境的影响进行评估,提出了锂电正极材料LCA计算方法,并用该方法分析比较了磷酸铁锂和锰酸锂两种正极材料对环境的影响。结果表明:锰酸锂相对于磷酸铁锂具有更大的环境效益。该结果为市场以及锂电正极材料生产厂商选择动力电池用正极材料提供一定的参考。     

石榴石型固体电解质体系：离子输运性能调控及其全固态电池研究进展

全固态锂电池采用固体电解质取代液态电解质，使其具有更高安全性，且有望进 一步提高电池的能量密度。而在众多固体电解质中，具有石榴石型结构的立方相 Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) 及其元素掺杂产物由于室温离子电导率较高、电化学窗口较宽、与锂金属稳定等优点， 最有可能应用于全固态锂电池中。本文对 LLZO 的物相及晶体结构、制备方法、锂离子电导率 的提升策略以及其所组装的全固态锂电池等方面进行了详细介绍，并预测了 LLZO 固体电解质 材料进一步提升锂离子电导率的潜在可能以及 LLZO 所装配的全固态锂电池的发展方向。     

锂离子电池隔膜研究与发展现状

介绍了锂离子电池隔膜的特性和类型。重点介绍了国内外聚烯烃隔膜的发展现状,通过专利和文献的检索了解到以聚烯烃为原料生产锂离子电池隔膜的发展历史和目前国外对锂离子电池隔膜开展研究较活跃的国家,最后介绍了锂离子电池隔膜的生产技术和国内市场情况,并提出了发展建议。     

硼酸锂包覆改性尖晶石锰酸锂的研究

尖晶石型锰酸锂由于具有优异的安全性能且成本低廉,成为锂离子电池正极材料的研究热点。然而,由于锰溶解所导致的循环性能衰退是锰酸锂发展的主要障碍。随着温度的升高,锰溶解加剧,因而电池在高温条件下衰退更加严重。将硼酸锂包覆于锰酸锂表面,可以抑制锰的溶解。通过高能球磨的方法可将硼酸锂均匀地包覆于锰酸锂表面。X射线衍射与电化学阻抗表征结果表明,硼酸锂不会引起锰酸锂结构的变化和电池阻抗的增加。通过对界面转移电阻的研究发现,硼酸锂包覆量超过2%（质量分数）时电池的极化会增加,因此将硼酸锂的最佳包覆量控制在2%。相比于未经包覆的锰酸锂,经包覆的锰酸锂不论是对锂半电池还是对石墨全电池均表现出优异的循环性能,尤其是在60 ℃下的循环性能大大改善。软包全电池体积能量密度达到308 W·h/L,1C循环200次后容量保持率可达到94.7%。通过硼酸锂包覆可有效抑制锰酸锂的锰溶解,改善其循环性能。     

锂电池重要材料六氟磷酸锂的制备方法

介绍了锂电子电池的主要材料组成,以及锂电子电池电解液的主要成分,总结了重要电解质材料六氟磷酸锂的制备工艺及其改进技术。     

掺钴镍酸锂正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池正极材料钴酸锂的价格昂贵,原料有限,污染性大,有毒性,以及其过充不安全性决定了它不可能在大容量和大功率电池中得到应用.掺钴镍酸锂材料具有较高的比容量,较低的成本,以及对环境无污染等优点成为替代锂离子电池正极材料钴酸锂的理想材料.综述了掺钴镍酸锂材料作为锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法、存在的问题以及解决的思路.同时对该正极材料的未来发展趋势做出了简要的预测.     

锂离子电池及其材料

介绍了锂离子电池的基本原理及特点，锂离子电池的开发过程和制造过程，重点从锂离子电池的正极材料，负极材料，电解液，粘合剂，隔膜等组成部分从化工生产的角度介绍了锂离子电池。并简要介绍了锂离子电池及其材料在我国的发展现状，展望了其发展前景。     

锂离子电池电解质六氟磷酸锂市场分析

通过对未来5 a锂离子电池在动力电池、储能电池、数码电池市场的发展情况分析,预测锂离子电池生产的平均增长率将达到26%以上,到2025年对应锂离子电池电解液的需求量和六氟磷酸锂需求量将分别达到93.0万t和10.3万t。分析目前六氟磷酸锂产能情况和后期各生产企业扩产计划,预测六氟磷酸锂产能在2022年以前满足市场需求;若2025年以前各生产企业扩产到位,供需将会达到平衡,并且六氟磷酸锂价格趋于平稳,在原材料价格波动不大的情况下预计其价格在8.5万元/t左右。     

基于LiPF6的锂离子电池电解液的发展现状

近年来随着社会的发展和科技的进步,锂离子电池已成为重要的主流动力电池之一。分别从溶剂和添加剂2个方面综述了基于LiPF6的锂离子电池电解液的发展现状,详细介绍了适用于锂离子电池电解液的溶剂和添加剂,应用于锂离子电池电解液的常用有机溶剂有碳酸酯类、醚类和羧酸酯类有机溶剂,添加剂以其作用目的区分,可分为SEI成膜添加剂、导电添加剂、稳定添加剂、控制水分和游离酸添加剂、抗过充添加剂、阻燃添加剂及浸润性添加剂等;展望了锂离子电池电解液的研究方向。     

锂离子电池大电流放电性能研究进展

研究了锂离子电池大电流放电性能。讨论了最新的材料研究进展，分析了锂离子在活性材料中的扩散性能、电极材料粒度分布及粒径大小、比表面积等因素对锂离子电池大电流放电性能的影响。研究了SEI膜及电解液电导率等对锂离子电池大电流放电性能的控制作用。并针对大电流放电锂离子电池提出了电极及电池设计研究方向。     

锂离子电池涂膜隔膜的机理分析

分析了锂离子电池的基本机理,叙述了隔膜在制造锂离子电池的过程中起着重要的作用,详细地介绍了隔膜的锂离子的生产机理,以及探讨了改良隔膜的生产过程中所遇到的各种问题,重点分析了涂膜隔膜的工作机理,并对采用涂膜隔膜后的锂离子电池的放电性能进行详细的分析。     

锂离子电池材料钛酸锂钠的研究进展

Na₂Li₂Ti₆O₁₄电池具有较低的电位平台（1.3 V）以及经济成本低的特点,对便携式电子设备、能源汽车、生态环境等领域具有重大意义。由于钛酸锂钠电池固有离子电导率低的特点,因此提高钛酸锂钠电池锂离子扩散系数是目前研究中的主流方向,为此综述了钛酸锂钠的结构特点以及合成方法对钛酸锂钠材料粒径、形貌及电池电化学性能的影响;对比了不同掺杂离子和表面包覆改性对钛酸锂钠电池的放电比容量、循环性能及离子扩散系数的影响。掺入适量元素铌具有更高的锂离子扩散系数;包覆碳纳米管有更大的容量保持率,更有助于进一步提高钛酸锂钠电池电化学性能。