碳纳米管修饰及在电化学领域的应用

凭借出色的力学、电学性能和化学稳定性,碳纳米管在电化学、纳米器件、能源、催化等领域具有广泛的应用前景。但是,分散性差、化学活性低等缺点极大地限制了碳纳米管的应用。本文主要介绍了了碳纳米管的共价修饰和非共价修饰,分析了各方法的差异和优缺点;并简要介绍了碳纳米管在环境分析、电化学生物传感器等电化学领域的主要应用。     

石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法及应用进展

选择合适的方法可以制备出石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料并且使得它们之间能够产生一种协同作用,使其物理化学性能同时增强。近年来,石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料在超级电容器、储能电池、电化学传感器、材料增强增韧、污染物吸附处理等方面的应用受到人们广泛关注。对石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法及应用进展进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

壳聚糖碳纳米管复合材料在生物传感器及电化学分析中的应用

壳聚糖/碳纳米管复合材料被认为是理想的电极候选材料之一,具有优异的生物相容性和电化学催化性。本文主要综述了壳聚糖/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法及在生物传感器和电化学分析领域中的应用,给出了基于壳聚糖/碳纳米管复合材料的修饰电极对各种神经传导性物质及有害离子等物质的检测范围和检出限。     

二氧化锰基电催化材料研究进展

二氧化锰具有资源丰富、成本廉价、电化学性能优良等优点,被广泛应用于电催化、电化学储能、生物医学和电致变色器等领域。本文综述了二氧化锰作为电极材料在电催化领域的最新研究进展,包括催化析氧、催化析氢、氮还原、尿素氧化、二氧化碳还原、醇氧化等；总结归纳了二氧化锰的结构特征及其合成方法；系统分析了二氧化锰晶型、微观形貌、电子结构与催化性能间的构效关系及其在构筑高效催化电极材料方面的应用及性能优化策略；结合当前研究存在的问题,展望了二氧化锰基催化电极材料的发展方向。     

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料的研究进展

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料是一种新型的生物复合材料,具有独特的结构以及优良的力学、生物、电化学等性能。本文综述了碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料的各种制备方法,并详细讨论了溶液共混法、静电自组装法、逐层自组装法等方法的优缺点。还概括了碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料在电化学分析、生物传感器、电驱动等领域的应用进展,并展望了其主要研究方向和发展趋势。     

碳纳米管在电化学传感器中的应用进展

综述了碳纳米管(Carbon Nanotube,CNT)在电化学传感器研究中的应用进展。重点介绍了CNT电极和CNT修饰电极的制备、电化学特性及应用,并对其在DNA电化学生物传感器方面的应用前景与挑战进行了展望。     

碳纳米管水平阵列的结构控制生长：进展与展望

碳纳米管水平阵列是指生长于平整基底上且与沿基底平行排列的一种碳纳米管类型。与其他类型的碳纳米管相比,水平阵列类型的碳纳米管具有很低的结构缺陷和优异的力学、电学、热学性能,在微电子、超强纤维、航空航天等尖端领域有广阔和重要的应用前景。这些应用对碳纳米管的缺陷浓度、手性分布、半导体型纯度及阵列密度等指标的要求十分严苛,因而碳纳米管水平阵列的结构控制与批量制备是其实现性能应用的关键。在过去的近三十年中,研究者们已在碳纳米管水平阵列的结构控制生长上取得了大量进展,但同时也面临不少挑战。本文对碳纳米管水平阵列的结构控制、批量制备及前沿应用的研究进展进行了回顾,并对其面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了讨论。     

石墨烯及其复合材料在电化学领域的应用

石墨烯具有2D碳结构、高结晶度和电学性能,其出现开辟了材料科学和凝固态物理新的研究领域。本文综述了石墨烯的制备方法以及在电催化、电化学传感器、超级电容器、锂离子电池、太阳能电池等电化学领域的应用。     

产品开发

正聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料开发前景佳聚苯胺由于价格低、合成简单、环境稳定等特性,被广泛用于电学、光学、磁学等领域,尤其在二次电池、传感器、分子导线、分子器件、人工肌肉和电子屏蔽等领域具有非常优越的发展前景。但聚苯胺难溶于普通有机溶剂,且在中性和碱性环境的电学性能较差。碳纳米管的电学、力学等特性优异。聚苯胺与碳纳米管复合,利用两种材料之间的协同效应,使其性能更加优越,从而使聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料在电学领域应用前景非常广阔,包括电容器、电化学分析和生物传感器、甲醇氧化等许多领域。     

分子印迹在化学传感器及阵列领域的研究进展

分子印迹聚合物因其具有高选择性、预定识别性、制备简单、价格低廉等优点,成为当前研究的热点之一。本文对分子印迹聚合物在化学传感器及传感器阵列领域的应用进展进行了综述。作为选择性化学传感器,重点探讨了分子印迹聚合物在电化学传感器、光化学传感器和质量敏感型传感器中的应用。相对于分子印迹传感器,基于分子印迹聚合物交叉敏感性原理的分子印迹聚合物传感器阵列的应用较少,仅对有限例子的光化学传感器阵列进行了探讨。受益于印迹机理的深入理解,分子印迹化学传感器及其阵列将在食品分析、药物控制、环境监测等领域表现出较好的应用前景。     

Electrochemical oxidation of glutathione at well-aligned carbon nanotube array electrode

Electrochemical oxidation and determination of glutathione (GSH) were investigated with well-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Square wave voltammetric and amperometric results suggest that aligned-CNT electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity and good anti-fouling property for direct electrochemical oxidation of glutathione. Also, the preliminary application of the aligned-CNT electrode for amperometric determination of glutathione was evaluated.     

Electron transfer chemistry of octadecylamine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes were chemically functionalized by virtue of the interactions between the nanotube-bound carboxylic moieties and octadecylamine ligands. The electronic conductivity properties of the resulting nanotubes were probed voltammetrically. Two approaches were employed. The first entailed the fabrication of a nanotube monolayer at the air|water interface and the conductivity was measured in situ with a vertically aligned interdigitated arrays (IDAs) electrode. The overall current profiles are analogous to those of a Coulomb blockade and the conducting current pathways are found to be one-dimensional within the two-dimensional arrays of nanotubes. The second technique was taking advantage of the dispersibility of the nanotubes in a solution where conventional electrochemical methods were used. From these measurements, the nanotube bandgap energy could also be estimated, which was quite comparable to that determined by spectroscopic measurements.     

电化学沉积制备氧化钼/碳纳米管复合纤维及其电化学行为

以电化学沉积法将氧化钼（MoOx）沉积于宏观碳纳米管（CNT）纤维上,制得氧化钼包覆碳纳米管复合纤维（MoOx/CNT）,研究了复合纤维的结构、相组成及电化学性能。结果表明：该复合纤维由氧化钼均匀包覆碳纳米管束的同轴纳米纤维构成,氧化钼包覆层厚度为100～175nm,碳纳米管束直径为20～60 nm,能谱分析表明包覆层含Mo和O;将该复合纤维用于电化学系统超电容,电化学测试其具有明显的电化学活性,电容量为19 F/g;该复合纤维可用于发展电化学功能纤维或编织储能器件。     

TiO_2纳米管阵列光催化降解苯酚

采用电化学阳极氧化法在钛基体上制得了高度致密的、有序的、均匀的TiO2纳米管阵列。用SEM、XRD等对其表面形貌和结构晶型进行了表征和分析。以TiO2纳米管阵列为光催化剂对废水中典型的有机污染物——苯酚进行了光催化降解,考察了影响光催化降解速率的因素。结果表明,在紫外光照下,苯酚水溶液的pH=3、ρ(苯酚)=10.0 mg/L时,具有锐钛矿相结构的TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化效果最好,相同条件下与溶胶凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2颗粒膜的光催化降解速率进行对比,前者比后者提高了近一倍。     

TiO2纳米管阵列的研究进展

近年来TiO2纳米管阵列在光催化等领域展现出良好的应用前景,对其制备技术和应用研究已成为研究的热点。本文对TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法作了综合介绍,概述了其研究现状及最新应用进展。     

A growth mark method for studying growth mechanism of carbon nanotube arrays

A novel and simple growth mark method was developed to make marks during the growth process of carbon nanotube arrays. These marks can be read out under scanning electron microscope or optical microscope. Based on this method, the growth rates at different temperatures and under different acetylene partial pressures were measured, from which the activation energy and the order of reaction were determined. Based on our experimental results, the growth of carbon nanotube arrays in our experimental condition could not be diffusion-limited. The measured activation energy could possibly be attributed to the heterogeneous decomposition of acetylene over the catalyst particle. Furthermore the marked array with special segmental structure may be found some applications in the future.     

Nanostructuring electrodes with carbon nanotubes: A review on electrochemistry and applications for sensing

Carbon nanotubes have begun to attract enormous interest in electrochemistry because of their small size and good electrochemical properties. The vast majority of studies thus far have used ensembles of carbon nanotubes to nanostructure macroscopic electrodes either with randomly dispersed nanotubes or with aligned carbon nanotubes. The resultant nanotube modified electrodes have most frequently been used for electro-analytical purposes such as the development of biosensors. This review introduces carbon nanotubes and approaches to nanostructuring electrodes with carbon nanotubes, discusses what is known of their electrochemical properties and briefly outlines some of the exciting applications to which they are being targeted for use.     

Binder-free combination of graphene nanosheets with TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotube arrays for lithium ion battery anode

Binder-free combination of graphene nanosheets with oriented TiO₂ nanotube arrays was designed and achieved via one-step facile electrodeposition. The structure and morphology of as-prepared composite graphene nanosheets/TiO₂ nanotube arrays were studied in terms of SEM, FESEM, EDX, TEM, Raman and FTIR. Furthermore, the corresponding electrochemical performances were evaluated in terms of galvanostatic charge/discharge, cycle stability and AC impedance. As expected, the composite graphene nanosheets/TiO₂ nanotube arrays displayed higher discharge capacity, cycle stability and Li⁺ diffusion coefficient than bare TiO₂ nanotube arrays. High Li-storage activity, superior conductivity and large surface area of graphene nanosheets should be responsible for improved electrochemical performances.     

Facile synthesis and electrochemical properties of carbon-coated ZnO nanotubes for high-rate lithium storage

ZnO is an important functional material, and a nanotube structure is beneficial for various applications. Here, we report the facile synthesis and electrochemical properties of carbon-coated ZnO nanotube materials as Li rechargeable battery anodes. ZnO nanorod was first synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the material was annealed with a carbon precursor, forming free-standing, carbon-coated ZnO nanotubes. The carbon-coated nanotube structure is beneficial to alleviate volume changes of the ZnO active material during Li insertion and extraction processes as well as to improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics. Electrochemical test results demonstrate that the carbon-coated ZnO nanotube electrodes deliver improved the cycling performance compared with ZnO nanorod electrodes. Better rate performance than carbon-coated ZnO nanoparticle electrodes was also achieved.     

Carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites and their applications

The purpose of the current review article is to present a compherensive understanding regarding pros and cons of carbon nanotube–related nanocomposites and to find ways in order to improve the performance of nanocomposites with new designs. Nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are employed in industrial applications such as supercapacitors, and biosensors, and etc. The present article has been prepared in three main categories. In the first part, carbon nanotube types have been presented, as single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and also equivalent circuit models, which have been used to more clarify the experimental measurements of impedance. In the second part, nanocomposites with many carbon, inorganic and polymeric materials such as polymer/CNT, activated carbon/CNT, metal oxide/CNT, and carbon fiber/CNT have been investigated in more detail. In the third part, the focus in on the industrial applications of CNTs. including supercapacitors, biosensors, radar absorbing materials, solar cells, and corrosion protection studies. This review article explains the latest advances in carbon nanotubes and their applications in electrochemical, electrical and optical properties of nanocomposites.