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天然沸石种类很多,最早发现的是在1756年。本世纪二十年代人们认识到沸石的选择吸附作用具有分子筛效应。1930年开始研究沸石的结构。四十年代,研究了天然沸石在气体分离上的应用。由于那时天然沸石 相似文献
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《辽宁化工》2017,(11)
研究沸石吸附微污染水源水中氨氮的吸附效能。采用预处理的60~75目浙江缙云天然沸石和改性沸石吸附微污染水源水中的氨氮,通过等温吸附试验、吸附热力学试验、吸附动力学试验以及颗粒内扩散试验,比较了解天然沸石和改性沸石对氨氮的吸附性能。试验结果表明,天然沸石和改性沸石对氨氮的吸附过程均符合Freundlich等温方程;天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮的反应均是自发进行的熵减型反应,吸附氨氮的过程是放热过程;天然沸石和改性沸石的准二级动力学方程的R~2分别为0.996 8、0.999 3,相关性高于准一级动力学方程,因此用Lagergren准二级动力学模型可以更好的描述天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮的动力学过程;天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮是一个多步骤控制的过程。 相似文献
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天然沸石负载壳聚糖吸附废水中铅离子的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据天然沸石离子交换特性和壳聚糖在溶液中带有的正电荷,将80目天然沸石与65%脱乙酰度壳聚糖的0.5%醋酸溶液混合,使壳聚糖负载在天然沸石上,制成颗粒吸附剂,用于去除废水中Pb2+.最佳工艺条件是壳聚糖与天然沸石质量比为120,颗粒吸附剂用量为15g/L,废水中Pb2+质量浓度不大于100mg/L,pH为4~4.5,吸附平衡时间为8 h,Pb2+去除率为99%.与活性炭吸附法相比,天然沸石-壳聚糖复合吸附剂吸附效果相近,成本仅为其1/6.与单一的天然沸石或壳聚糖相比,该吸附剂对Pb2+离子的吸附能力强,成本低. 相似文献
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套管屈服强度直接影响套管抗挤压性能,套管在加工孔过程中可能诱发孔眼附近材料发生金属相变,导致套管屈服强度不再均匀分布,进而影响套管抗挤压强度。在相同工况下,对比了P110完整套管和机加工孔套管的抗挤压强度,以此为参照组分析了相变区域面积和相变区域屈服强度对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响。结果表明,机加工孔会改变材料屈服强度,进而影响套管抗挤压性能。随金属相变区域屈服强度减小,机加工孔套管抗挤压强度减弱;当金属相变区域屈服强度增大时,机加工孔套管抗挤压强度增强。且机加工孔套管相变区域面积对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响随相变区域屈服强度增加而逐渐削弱。 相似文献
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The torque–time curves of polypropylene (PP) powder treated under various thermooxidative degradation conditions were obtained through processing in the mixing chamber of a rheometer. Meanwhile, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the corresponding samples were determined, and the quantitative analysis of the carbonyl indices of the FTIR spectra of the samples of the PP powder was carried out to provide evidence for the rheological characterization. PP granules, to which an antideteriorant was added before they were commercially supplied so good antidegradation could be achieved, was investigated for the sake of contrast. The analysis of the experimental results showed that the height of the torque–time curve of the PP powder and the corresponding value of the equilibrium torque could be used to characterize or evaluate the variations of the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder. Under the same processing conditions, the heights of the torque–time curves of the PP powder and the corresponding values of the equilibrium torque decreased with the enhancement of the thermooxidative degradation treatment before mixing; on the contrary, the heights and areas of the characteristic bands of the carbonyl groups in the FTIR spectra of the PP powder and the corresponding values of the carbonyl index increased. The quantitative analysis of the FTIR spectra provided evidence for the conclusion that the heights of the torque–time curves of the PP powder and the corresponding values of the equilibrium torque could be used to characterize or evaluate the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder. If the treatment under thermooxidative degradation conditions weakened or the degradation of the PP powder just began (i.e., in the viscosity range for processability), the evaluation method using the heights of the torque–time curves of the PP powder or the corresponding values of the equilibrium torque could provide more sensitivity than the method using the values of the carbonyl index. Consequently, the method using the heights of the torque–time curves to evaluate the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder had its advantages. The application of the torque–time curves could be used to evaluate not only the variation of the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder treated under aging conditions before mixing but also the variation of the degradation, including the mechanochemical degradation, of the PP powder during the period of mixing. The dependence of the variation of the degradation of the polymer on the processing time during mixing could be evaluated by the study of the variation of the torque–time curves. It can be concluded that the application of torque–time curves to the evaluation of degradation of PP powder has the advantages of being convenient, real‐time, in situ, online, and production‐oriented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007 相似文献
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采用界面追踪方法(FTM)研究了狭窄通道内受浮力上升的单气泡经过突然扩张通道时的运动形态,考察了狭窄通道和宽阔通道的通道宽度比及Eotvos数(Eo)和Morton数(Mo)对气泡形态和上升速度的影响. 结果表明,在狭窄通道、扩张部位和宽阔通道内气泡形态呈不同特性,气泡在离开扩张处时高宽比最大. 随通道宽度比增大,气泡最大高宽比减小. Eo数较小时,减小Mo数,气泡高宽比减小,气泡上升速度增大;增大Eo数,气泡上升时形变更严重. 改变初始时刻气泡相对于狭窄通道的位置对气泡形态有影响,初始位置靠近单侧壁面时,气泡横向变形较严重,在两侧壁面之间摆动上升. 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(16):3697-3712
Abstract The hydrodynamic behavior of aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)–cupric complex and its effect on the performance in the concentration of the macromolecular cupric complex by ultrafiltration is considered in this study which implements various synthetic membranes in polyethersulfone. The polyelectrolyte–like behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol) is highlighted. This behavior disappears in the case of the macromolecular complex. The disappearance of the polyelectrolyte–like effect is explained by the modification of the macromolecular conformation induced by the formation of the complex which takes up a tightly packed conformation. The study of the effect of the variation of the pH and the ionic strength made it possible to observe that the increase of the pH is accompanied by the reduction of the medium viscosity and the increase of the flux through the ultrafilters and the increase of the ionic strength of the medium is accompanied by the increase of the thickness of the adsorbed solute layer. The study of the effect of the nature of the ionic species in solution on the hydrodynamic behavior of the aqueous solutions of the macrocomplex leads to the conclusion that the use of the cupric chloride salt, instead of the nitrate or the sulphate salts, in the preparation of the macrocomplex improves the hydrodynamic properties of the solution and enhances the performance of its treatment by means of the ultrafiltration process. 相似文献
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热固性树脂基复合材料构件成型过程中的树脂流动行为决定了其最终成型后的纤维体积分布情况,严重影响构件的最终成型质量。而吸胶膜作为预浸料中的多余树脂流出构件后的吸收载体,其材料特性对树脂的流动过程起主导作用。以吸胶膜为关注重点,基于AS4/3501-6复合材料体系,建立了厚截面复合材料构件在热压罐中固化压实的仿真模型,模型包括了固化反应、热传导和紧密压实三个模块。模型与实验中构件的压实情况对比,验证模型的可行性。通过模型计算结果研究了吸胶膜的孔隙率、渗透率及厚度等关键参数在压力、温度等工艺条件的协同作用下对树脂流动行为的影响规律。结果表明:吸胶膜的孔隙率和厚度作为吸收树脂载体的空间度量,对构件的最终压实厚度起主要作用;吸胶膜的渗透率通过树脂流动速度影响固化压实过程,渗透率过小时,构件的压实厚度明显减小。 相似文献
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乙烯精馏塔软仪表与先进控制工程实践 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以乙烯装置乙烯精馏塔现有的常规控制为基础,提出乙烯精馏塔先进控制策略,通过化工机理分析,建立用于预测控制的动态机理数学模型,并线性化简化为状态空间模型和质量控制软仪表。塔顶侧线乙烯产品纯度和塔底馏出物乙烯浓度两个机理软仪表工业实施效果良好,其中乙烯产品纯度软仪表采用在线色谱分析数据实时校正。预测控制器控制塔顶产品纯度(给定点控制)和塔底循环乙烷浓度(约束控制),操纵变量为塔顶侧线采出量和塔底再沸器加热蒸汽量。仿真实验表明预测控制器的有效性。状态反馈预测控制器用于工业装置,效果良好,可以实现塔顶侧线产品的“卡边控制”和塔底馏出物浓度的区间约束控制。 相似文献