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1.
Gemini表面活性剂又作“双子表面活性剂”,其分子结构类似于两个表面活性剂分子的聚合体,故又称二聚表面活性剂。Gemini表面活性剂具有较单烷基链烃和单离子头基组成的普通表面活性剂更好的表面活性。根据双子表面活性剂所含亲水基团电荷差异,将其分为阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型和混合型四大类。其中磺酸盐型和硫酸酯型属阴离子型双子。  相似文献   

2.
根据亲水基的性质不同,双子表面活性剂可以分为阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型、两性离子型四种。由于其结构独特而具有许多优良的性能,如高表面活性、超低表面张力、强协同效应等。本文简要介绍了阴离子型表面活性剂的种类,主要包括磺酸盐型、羧酸盐性、磷酸盐性和硫酸酯盐型,同时简要介绍了阴离子型双子表面活性剂的合成方法,最后阐述双子表面活性剂现在存在的一些问题及其未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

3.
考察了非离子型表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)和两性表面活性剂十二烷基甜菜碱(BS-12)之间的复配性能,测定了不同摩尔比的APG和BS-12复配体系的表面张力、泡沫和乳化性能,并且研究了无机盐对复配体系表面活性的影响。结果表明,与单独任一表面活性剂体系相比,APG和BS-12复配体系具有较好的表面活性,呈现明显的协同增效作用;在摩尔比为3∶7时,复配体系的表面活性最高、起泡性能最好、形成的泡沫和乳状液最稳定,协同增效作用最显著。此外,无机盐的加入提高了复配体系的表面活性,当NaCl浓度为0.03 mol·L-1时,表面张力和临界胶束浓度最小,表面活性最高;而对于无机盐,其离子价态越高,提高表面活性程度越明显;相比之下,阳离子提高复配体系表面活性的能力大于阴离子。  相似文献   

4.
按照结构特点对阳离子型、阴离子型、两性离子型和非离子型含氟双子表面活性剂的合成方法和合成路线进行了归纳。含氟双子表面活性剂是一种特殊表面活性剂,氟原子取代了表面活性剂碳氢链中的氢原子,而使其具有更高的表面活性。展望了含氟双子表面活性剂的发展前景。  相似文献   

5.
研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和双子两性磷酸酯表面活性剂(C12GP)的形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力的协同作用,发现C12GP与SDS摩尔比为4∶1时增效作用显著.考察了无机盐、醇对复配体系表面活性的影响.结果表明:加盐能够提高表面活性;短链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,当混合表面活性剂的浓度较低时,其临界胶束浓度(ccm)比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm有所下降;同时长链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,其ccm比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm下降显著.  相似文献   

6.
烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂的合成与性能   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以十二烷基伯胺和四甲基脲为原料合成了十二烷基四甲基胍及其盐酸盐.后者再与环氧氯丙烷反应制备了十二烷基四甲基胍双子阳离子表面活性剂,通过IR和~1HNMR鉴定了其结构,并考察了其性能.结果表明,十二烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为2.5×10~(-4)mol/L,γ_(cmc)为28.5 mN/m,其表面活性明显高于单十二烷基胍盐酸盐.最后以十二烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂为模板剂制备了纳米SiO_2粒子.  相似文献   

7.
4 表面活性剂复配与协同效应一种表面活性剂与另一种表面活性剂或者无机物、有机物、高聚物进行复配后 ,其溶液物理化学性质会发生明显的变化 ,表面活性优于单一组分的活性 ,这种现象称为表面活性剂的协同效应( Synergism) ,或增效作用、复合效应。表面活性剂复配后的协同效应主要表现在降低表面张力的效率、能力以及形成胶团能力等三方面。复配表面活性剂通常比单一表面活性剂具有更高的表面活性 ,其性质甚至是原组分本身不具有的 ,明显提高了表面活性剂的利用价值 ,因此 ,在实际应用中 ,很少使用单一的种类 ,一般选择根据不同目的复配而…  相似文献   

8.
NaCl对阴离子/非离子复配表面活性剂的性能影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了NaC l对阴离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)与非离子表面活性剂烷基多苷(APG)复配体系表面活性、乳化力、发泡性能的影响,发现NaC l的加入量在低含量范围内对提高复配体系表面活性及发泡能力有显著提高,同时对体系乳化力变化不明显。  相似文献   

9.
在45℃下测定了不同类型表面活性剂(阴离子、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂以及高分子双子表面活性剂、非对称两性双子表面活性剂)与煤油-水体系的界面张力,发现非离子表面活性剂效果最好,界面张力可达0.690 m N/m。采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与其他类型的表面活性剂进行两两复配,考察复配表面活性剂的种类、质量比、总质量浓度对模拟油-水体系界面张力的影响。发现聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与非对称两性双子表面活性剂C15EC-S-C16以质量比7∶3进行复配,总质量浓度为50 g/L时,界面张力达到0.024 m N/m。  相似文献   

10.
芦菲 《广东化工》2014,41(23):34-35
研究了NaBr对阴离子表面活性剂脂肪酸甲酯磺基钠(AES)与非离子表面活性剂烷基脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(N=9)(AEO9)复配体系表面活性、乳化力、发泡性能的影响,发现NaBr的加入量在低含量范围内对提高复配体系表面活性及发泡能力有显著提高,同时对体系乳化力变化不明显。  相似文献   

11.
低聚表面活性剂--两亲分子表面活性的突破   总被引:32,自引:7,他引:25  
Gemini表面活性剂将两个单链单头基普通表面活性剂在离子头基处通过化学键联接在一起,从而阻抑了表面活性剂有序聚集过程中的头基分离力,极大地提高其表面活性。针对当前为提高表面活性而进行的大量尝试而言,Gemini表面活性剂是概念上的突破,因而被誉为新一代的表面活笥剂。由于这种特殊的分子结构,Gimini表面活性剂通常生成比其单链单头基表面活性剂更低曲率的分子聚集体,这造成Gemini表面活性剂水溶  相似文献   

12.
阴离子双子表面活性剂合成现状及应用前景   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在对传统单链表面活性剂进行分析的基础上,重点论述了阴离子双子表面活性剂的性质和实现产业化有可能采取的合成途径,并且介绍了目标阴离子双子表面活性剂的结构和表面活性,同时也对其在洗涤剂、化妆品和工业助剂等领域的应用前景进行了分析,最后也对其发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

13.
A homologous series of new gemini cationic surfactants were synthesized and characterized using micro elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR and mass spectra. The surface activities of these amphiphiles were determined based on the data of surface tension. Critical micelle concentration, effectiveness of the surface tension reduction, efficiency of adsorption, maximum surface excess, minimum surface area and critical packing parameter were evaluated. The effect of cationic micelles on solubilization of anionic azo dye, sulforhodamine B (Acid Red 52) in aqueous micellar solution of the synthesized gemini cationic surfactants was studied at pH 6.9 ± 0.5 and 25 °C. The results showed that the solubility of dye rose with increasing surfactant concentration as a consequence of some association between the dye and the micelles. It was also observed that the aggregation of surfactant and dye takes place at a surfactant concentration below the CMC of the individual surfactant. The partition coefficients between the bulk water and surfactant micelles as well as the Gibbs energies of distribution of dye between the bulk water and surfactant micelles were calculated using a pseudo-phase model. The effect of the hydrophobic chain length of Gemini cationic surfactants on the distribution parameters was also reported. The results show favorable solubilization of dye in cationic micelles.  相似文献   

14.
特殊结构双子表面活性剂的合成进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
按照离子形态,分类介绍了一些有别于传统结构的双子(gemini)表面活性剂,包括阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型及两性型的合成方法。提出了可降解、复配性能良好的特殊结构表面活性剂必然成为日后的发展趋势。  相似文献   

15.
A series of anionic gemini surfactants with the same structure except the spacer nature have been studied. Their solution properties were characterized by the equilibrium surface tension and intrinsic fluorescence quenching method. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC), surface tension at cmc, C20, and the micelle aggregation number (N) were obtained. The surface tension measurements indicate that these gemini surfactants have much lower cmc values and great efficiency in lowering the surface tension of water compared with those of conventional monomeric surfactants. Furthermore, the standard free energy of micellization for anionic gemini surfactants was also determined. The results showed that the nature of the spacer has an important effect on the aggregation properties of gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions. The surfactant with a hydrophilic, flexible spacer was more readily able to form micelle compared with the surfactant with a hydrophobic, rigid spacer, which leads to a lower CMC value, larger N, more negative free energy of micellization, and a more closely packed micelle structure.  相似文献   

16.
含磷双子表面活性剂具有高的表面活性、良好的水溶性、较好的热稳定性、优越的抗静电性和配伍性等特点。综述了含磷双子表面活性剂的结构类型以及合成路线和方法,并按照阴离子型、两性型、非离子型含磷双子表面活性剂及其联接基团的不同进行了归纳。最后,对含磷双子表面活性剂的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

17.
双亲油基-双亲水基型表面活性剂   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
介绍一类新型表面活性剂 双亲油基 双亲水基型表面活性剂 ,包括阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型等。讨论了各种类型双联表面活性剂的合成方法及产品理化性能 ,如表面张力及临界胶束浓度、水溶助长性、增溶性、润湿性、泡沫性、生物安全性等 ,同时指出该类表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值和广阔的开发前景。  相似文献   

18.
Foam and surface tension behaviors of different ionic/nonionic surfactant solutions along with their different combinations have been investigated. Among different surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the highest foamability over other surfactants. Mixed surfactant systems were always found to have higher foamability than the individual surfactant. It was also noticeable that nonionic surfactants show good foamability when they combine with anionic and cationic surfactants. In the case of mixed surfactant systems, nonionic/cationic surfactant mixtures showed lower surface tension than nonionic/anionic surfactant mixture due to a synergistic effect.  相似文献   

19.
《Dyes and Pigments》2013,96(3):768-775
In the present study, the interaction of an anionic azo dye, Sunset Yellow, with two cationic gemini surfactants with different spacer lengths (s = 3, 6 methylene groups) and their monomeric counterpart, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), was investigated by surface tension, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined from plots of the surface tension (γ) as a function of the logarithm of total surfactant concentration. Moreover, the values of binding constants (Kb) of dye-surfactant complexes were calculated by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The UV–Vis spectra showed that the dye–surfactant interaction occurred in the solution at concentrations far below the CMC of each surfactant. The gemini surfactant with a shorter spacer showed stronger interaction with dye in comparison to DTAB and the gemini with longer spacer. The effect of surfactant chemical structure on solubilization of dye-surfactant aggregates at surfactant concentration above CMC was investigated by zeta potential.  相似文献   

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