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为了筛选出对爪哇根结线虫防效高的药剂,采用浸渍法测试阿维·苏云菌、克百威·敌、阿维纳米·线虫丹、丁硫·毒死蜱对爪哇根结线虫2龄幼虫和卵块的影响。结果表明,阿维·苏云菌对爪哇根结线虫2龄幼虫有较强的致死作用,50 g/L质量浓度处理48 h后,线虫的死亡率为100%,其LC_(50)为9.33 g/L;克百威·敌和阿维纳米·线虫丹活性较差;丁硫·毒死蜱没有作用。在同等条件下,阿维·苏云菌对卵块孵化抑制率最高,达99.88%,其次依次为丁硫·毒死蜱为95.63%,阿维纳米·线虫丹为86.22%,克百威·敌为6.06%。 相似文献
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吡虫啉对5种植物寄生线虫的室内毒力测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用浸渍法,测定了不同质量浓度和时间下吡虫啉药剂对花生根结线虫2龄幼虫、程氏滑刃线虫、贝西滑刃线虫、松材线虫、腐烂茎线虫的毒力,并考察了其对花生根结线虫卵孵化抑制率。结果表明,花生根结线虫对吡虫啉药剂最为敏感,腐烂茎线虫最不敏感。在100 g/L质量浓度下,处理后48 h,吡虫啉药剂对花生根结线虫、程氏滑刃线虫、贝西滑刃线虫、松材线虫、腐烂茎线虫的致死率分别为91.00%、65.70%、45.70%、44.00%、9.67%。对花生根结线虫的卵孵化抑制率随着药剂浓度的升高而升高。 相似文献
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4种杀线虫剂对南方根结线虫的室内活性测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过藏红T染色法,确定线虫染色时间,并测定4种常规药剂对南方根结线虫的室内活性。结果显示,染色1 h后,线虫的染色率达到100%。1.8%阿维菌素EC和40%灭线磷EC对南方根结线虫具有良好的活性,LC_(50)值分别为14.926 3 mg/L和15.306 8 mg/L;40%辛硫磷EC和200 g/L丁硫克百威EC活性较差。 相似文献
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[目的]明确硫虫酰胺对美国白蛾的杀虫活性和田间防效。[方法]采用浸叶法测定硫虫酰胺对美国白蛾的室内生物活性,参考农药田间药效准则进行田间小区药效试验。[结果]硫虫酰胺药后72 h对美国白蛾的LC50值为0.2623 mg/L,与氯虫苯甲酰胺的活性相当;田间试验结果表明:10%硫虫酰胺悬浮剂有效成分用量50、66.7 mg/L对美国白蛾药后3、7、14 d的防效分别为87.94%~92.46%、91.59%~94.47%、88.82%~94.11%,与200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂50 mg/L防效相当。[结论]硫虫酰胺对美国白蛾具有很高的生物活性,可以用于防治美国白蛾。 相似文献
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为明确不同种类杀线虫剂对小麦的安全性,采用温室盆栽法研究了克百威、涕灭威、丙硫克百威、丁硫克百威、辛硫磷、灭线磷、毒死蜱、阿维菌素、甲维盐九种杀线虫剂种子包衣处理后对小麦出苗及生长的影响,测定了出苗率、株高、根长、致畸率4个指标,明确了九种杀线虫剂在小麦上施用的安全性。结果表明:九种药剂中辛硫磷、灭线磷、毒死蜱对小麦的生长有一定的抑制作用,涕灭威药害严重,而丙硫克百威、丁硫克百威对小麦生长有促进作用,克百威、阿维菌素、甲维盐对小麦生长并无影响。灭线磷对小麦生长抑制作用最显著,出苗7d后出苗率仅达到22%,而致畸率高达94%,株高、主根长分别为7.7cm和3.2cm,显著低于对照组;出苗14d后出苗率仅达到42%,株高、主根长分别为11.1cm和5.0cm,显著低于对照组;丙硫克百威对小麦生长的促进作用最显著,出苗7d后出苗率已达到80%;出苗14d后,出苗率达到89%,株高、主根长分别为22.9cm和7.9cm,显著高于对照组。 相似文献
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Performance-based design of the timber structures' fire resistance is often based on the reduced cross section and thus relying on empirical and numerical assessment of the charring propagation. The current work aims to construct models for the pyrolysis of spruce and pinewoods to allow coupled simulations of the cross-section reduction and burning rate in fire models. Kinetic models are formulated based on thermogravimetric data and supported by the heats of pyrolysis and combustion measurements by differential scanning calorimetry and microscale combustion calorimetry, respectively. The results from these small-scale measurements are consistent with each other, and the heats of pyrolysis and combustion are determined for the wood primary components by fitting the simulations to the experimental results. Heat release models are constructed based on the small-scale tests, and cone calorimeter experiments are used for the estimation of the physical properties and for the heat release model validation. 相似文献
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用纤维素酶处理马尾松磨石磨木浆 (SGW) ,在一定酶活剂量作用下 ,能使纸浆的打浆度明显降低 ,而手抄纸的强度几乎不受影响 相似文献
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Valery E. Tarabanko Konstantin L. Kaygorodov Ekaterina A. Skiba Nikolay Tarabanko Yulia V. Chelbina Olga V. Baybakova 《木材化学与工艺学杂志》2017,37(1):43-51
Extractive-free pine wood was processed into vanillin (up to 18 wt.% of the initial lignin) and cellulose (typically 84–93% of the initial amount in the wood) by one-step catalytic oxidation followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting cellulose into glucose (reducing sugar yield up to 70% based on the post-oxidation cellulose). Correlation between the cellulose conversion in hydrolysis and the lignin content in the post-oxidation lignocellulosic material was established, which follows the general trend for the products of various delignification methods. The obtained results demonstrate the practical possibility of efficient two-step processing of wood into vanillin and glucose. 相似文献
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Sandra Rivas Anna María Raspolli-Galletti Claudia Antonetti Valentín Santos 《木材化学与工艺学杂志》2013,33(5):315-324
The fractionation of the structural components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) and the separate utilization of the resulting fractions for specific purposes, according to the philosophy of biorefineries, enables the development of sustainable processes for biomass utilization. In this work, Pinus pinaster wood was subjected to aqueous processing to remove water-soluble extractives and hemicelluloses, and the resulting solid was subjected to pulping with HCl-catalyzed acetic acid solutions (Acetosolv method). The pulp was employed as a substrate for levulinic acid manufacture by reaction in acidic media under microwave irradiation. The effects of the major operational variables (temperature, reaction time, and acid concentration) on the levulinic acid yield were established by statistical modeling of experimental data. Operating under the best reaction conditions (at 191.2°C for 18.9 min in aqueous media containing 1.10% HCl), the levulinic acid yield accounted for 56.4% of the stoichiometric value. 相似文献
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针对松材线虫病疫木热处理除害过程及木材干燥的相关要求,设计了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的全自动疫木除害热处理控制系统,制定了热处理及干燥工艺流程,实现了热处理及干燥参数的在线测量和自动控制,开发了智能化的管理系统、控制系统软件。该系统测温范围-40~125℃,精度±1℃;相对湿度30%~100%,精度±2%RH;木材含水率在8%~30%范围内, 精度±1.5%,在30%~80%范围内,精度±3%。实验结果表明, 该系统可靠性高、保障了除害处理质量、提升了疫木除害处理设备性能,具有较强的工程实用价值。 相似文献
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