膨化硝酸铵自敏化理论形成与发展

表面活性剂 (膨化剂 )在硝酸铵饱和溶液中强制析晶中起决定性作用 ,它是膨化工艺的保证 ,是自敏化理论的基础 ,膨化硝酸铵在一定的条件下具有雷管感度是它自敏化成功的宏观表现     

硝酸铵粒度对改性硝酸铵机械感度的影响

为使粉状改性铵油炸药在性能上真正代替铵锑炸药,了解硝酸铵粒度与炸药机械感度的关系,参照GJB772A-97标准对不同粒度的改性硝酸铵的机械感度进行了测定.研究表明,改性硝酸铵的粒度对其机械感度有明显影响,在一定粒度范围内,随着改性硝酸铵粒度的增大,机械感度有所增大;当粒度继续增大时,机械感度随着粒度的增大而下降.从理论上分析了改性硝酸铵粒度变化对机械感度影响的机理.     

膨化硝酸铵性能研究

用表面活性技术对工业硝酸铵进行处理制得膨化硝酸铵,研究了膨化硝酸铵的各项物理性能。研究结果表明：同工业硝酸铵相比,膨化硝酸铵具有更为优良的性能,更适合作为微烟、少烟工业炸药的氧化剂。     

膨化胱酸铵性能研究

用表面活性技术对工业硝酸铵进行处理制香膨化硝酸铵,研究了膨化硝酸铵的各项物理性能。研究结果表明：同工业硝酸铵相比,膨化硝酸铵具有更为优良的性能,更适合作为微烟、少烟工业炸药的氧化剂。     

硝酸铵膨化机理研究

简介了新型粉状工业炸药——岩石膨化硝铵炸药配方及特性,提出了硝酸铵膨化机理,讨论了空白膨化及表面活性剂膨化硝酸铵的影响因素及其结果。     

岩石膨化硝铵炸药的生产工艺和质量控制

岩石膨化硝铵炸药是一种新型无梯粉状炸药,它是由膨化硝酸铵、木粉和复合油相组成,其中膨化硝酸铵是经过表面活性技术处理的自敏化改性硝酸铵。文中介绍了岩石膨化硝铵炸药的生产工艺,详细讨论了影响膨化硝酸铵质量和岩石膨化硝铵炸药质量的因素。     

膨化硝酸铵的热分解动力学研究

利用热重法测得了普通工业硝酸铵和膨胀化硝酸铵的热重曲线,计算到了普通肖酸铵和膨化硝酸铵的热分解活化能,研究了普通工业硝酸铵和膨化硝酸铵的热分解反应机理和动力学方程。     

膨化硝酸铵及其无梯恩梯粉状岩石炸药的研究

介绍了一种膨化硝酸铵的制造原理、方法和特点，并用膨化硝酸铵制得了一种新型的无梯粉状岩石炸药，研究了该无梯粉状岩石炸药的爆炸性能。     

改性硝酸铵研究进展及其发展方向

从粒状硝酸铵的问世和发展、抗硬化结晶粉末硝酸铵和不破乳松散性结晶硝酸铵的研究、用于膨化炸药的膨化硝酸铵研制、用于无梯炸药的敏化改性硝酸铵的研究、钝化或防爆硝酸铵的开发、液体硝酸铵在炸药中的应用、改性多孔粒状硝酸铵的研究等方面概述了我国改性硝酸铵的研究成果。开发高性能多孔硝酸铵和防爆的农用硝酸铵及其下游产品,是我国改性硝酸铵今后主要的发展方向。     

含防爆剂农用硝酸铵的感度研究

实验在169℃左右加热硝酸铵到熔融状态,加入防爆剂,冷却到室温,得到含防爆剂的硝酸铵。测试其摩擦感度、5 s延滞期爆发点、静电火花感度以及配成铵油炸药后的撞击感度、雷管感度。结果表明,含防爆剂硝酸铵较普通硝酸铵撞击感度从88%降到24%,摩擦感度降为0%,5 s爆发延滞期从462℃增加到474℃,静电火花感度和雷管感度无明显变化。     

Research and Development of Powder Industrial Explosives in China

In this paper, status of powder industrial explosives in China is described. On the basis of scientific research of China Institute of Industrial Explosive Materials (China IIEM) non-TNT or oligo-TNT Ammonium Nitrate explosive, especially rock expanded Ammonium Nitrate explosive, is emphatically discussed and several points of view about further development of powder industrial explosives in our country are stated.     

New Propellant Component,Part II. Study of a PSAN/DNAM/HTPB Based Formulation

A study of DNAM as a candidate ingredient for propellant formulations is reported. A formulation including DNAM and based on Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate (PSAN) and Hydroxy‐Terminated‐Poly Butadiene (HTPB) was selected for the study. This includes thermoanalytical measurements on the mixtures of solid components and propellant samples. Performance is assessed by burning rate measurements. A new small‐scale shock sensitivity test developed for studying the propellant under consideration is described. A good potential for DNAM was found for this formulation as revealed by the performance and low vulnerability of the PSAN/DNAM/HTPB composition.     

Alkali‐Dinitramide Salts Part 2: Oxidizers for Special Pyrotechnic Applications

Ammonium dinitramide is planned to be a substitute for commonly used oxidizers in rocket motor compositions. Different teams worldwide have already synthesized alkali salts of dinitramide and several times it was used as an oxidizer for pyrotechnic compositions containing boron as a reducing agent. In this paper the results of a systematic investigation to characterize the pyrotechnic redox systems titanium/potassium dinitramide and titanium/cesium dinitramide are presented and the data are compared. The heats of reaction as well as the burning rates of the redox system titanium/potassium dinitramide are higher than those of the redox system titanium/cesium dinitramide. Both systems show a moderate sensitivity to friction and electrostatic discharges. However the sensitivity of mixtures of both redox systems shows a very high sensitivity to impact. These sensitivities are in the range of pure HMX or pentaerythritol tetranitrate.     

EAK分子间炸药的热分解

通过 Ｄ Ｓ Ｃ分析研究了 Ｅ Ａ Ｋ（乙二胺二硝酸盐硝酸铵硝酸钾）低共熔物分子间炸药的热分解特性,测定了 Ｅ Ａ Ｋ 的分解动力学参数。研究表明氧化剂 Ａ Ｋ 和还原剂 Ｅ Ｄ Ｄ 相互作用的结果导致 Ｅ Ａ Ｋ 表现为快速的自催化分解。     

吸水膨胀弹性体PVA-g-PBA的研究

在水介质中.在氮气保护下以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,将丙烯酸丁酯(BA)接枝到聚乙烯醇(PVA)上,制得水膨胀弹性体PVA—g—PBA。通过红外光谱证实了接枝物的形成。讨论了PVA浓度、单体浓度、引发剂浓度和反应温度对接枝物接枝率(G％)的影响。结果表明随PVC浓度增大,接技率降低.[PVA2.5×10-4mol/L.[BA]0.702mol/l、[CAN]0.01mol/L45℃接枝率较高.接枝率越高其吸水膨胀率越低,8h达吸水平衡,最大吸水率为165.1％。     

台湾省近年来纯碱及相关无机产品的进出口

介绍台湾省的主要矿产资源 ,列出 1 997～ 1 999年台湾纯碱、氯化铵、氨、烧碱、碳酸氢钠、三聚磷酸钠、硝酸、亚硝酸钠、硝酸钾、碳酸钡、碳酸锶等产品的进出口数量、价格并与内地的情况加以对照 ,并提出一些看法。     

Mechanical Properties of Smokeless Composite Rocket Propellants Based on Prilled Ammonium Dinitramide

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a high performance solid oxidizer of interest for use in high impulse and smokeless composite rocket propellant formulations. While rocket propellants based on ADN may be both efficient, clean burning, and environmentally benign, ADN suffers from several notable disadvantages such as pronounced hygroscopicity, significant impact and friction sensitivity, moderate thermal instability, and numerous compatibility issues. Prilled ADN is now a commercially available and convenient product that addresses some of these disadvantages by lowering the specific surface area and thereby improving handling, processing, and stability. In this work, we report the preparation, friction and impact sensitivity and mechanical properties of several smokeless propellant formulations based on prilled ADN and isocyanate cured and plasticized glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) or polycaprolactone‐polyether. We found such propellants to have very poor mechanical properties in unmodified form and to display somewhat unreliable curing. However, by incorporation of octogen (HMX) and a neutral polymeric bonding agent (NPBA), the mechanical properties of such smokeless formulations were significantly improved. Impact and friction sensitivities of these propellants compare satisfactorily with conventional propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) and inert binder systems.