乙酰丙酸乙酯的反应精馏模型及隔壁塔节能优化设计

乙酰丙酸乙酯是一种潜在的生物质基平台化合物,在工业上具有很高的应用价值。乙酰丙酸乙酯传统的生产方法主要为间歇反应法,效率较低,产物分离困难且工艺流程较长。因此,本文提出了反应精馏工艺生产乙酰丙酸乙酯,在以中试实验结果为依据的基础上,使用Aspen Plus模拟软件建立了工艺流程,并考察了回流比、进料位置、进料摩尔比以及理论塔板数等关键参数,得到了常规单塔反应精馏工艺生产乙酰丙酸乙酯的最优配置。而后,为了得到纯度大于99.9%的乙酰丙酸乙酯,本文进一步提出了反应精馏双塔精制流程以及反应精馏隔壁塔流程,并通过对两种流程所得到的产品纯度以及能耗的对比,验证了反应精馏隔壁塔工艺生产乙酰丙酸乙酯的有效性以及在节能方面较大的优势。     

生物质基乙酰丙酸及乙酰丙酸酯的研究进展

为了制备乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯两种新型平台化合物,今从工艺路线、原料、预处理和催化剂4个角度,对比阐述了乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯两类平台化合物在国内外的研究进展,综述了近年来生物质基制备乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯的研究趋势。首先分析了乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯的合成工艺路线的特点,列举了不同生物质原料在乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯中的应用,并对不同预处理方法对生物质制备乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯产率的影响进行了对比分析。进一步对不同种类催化剂在乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯的应用进行了总结。根据近年来生物质制备乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯的研究现状,展望了该研究领域的研究方向。     

乙酰丙酸的制备及其应用前景分析

综述了高活性平台化合物乙酰丙酸的制备方法及其应用前景,分析了不同原料体系制备乙酰丙酸的特点及其可参考性,探讨了不同催化剂及预处理方法对乙酰丙酸得率的影响,展望了乙酰丙酸在不同领域的应用前景。     

乙酰丙酸生产应用与开发前景

乙酰丙酸生产应用与开发前景棉子壳或玉米芯制糠醛后的残渣(糠醛渣)用稀酸加压水解可制得乙酰丙酸。另一种制法由糠醇经重排、水解而得。乙酰丙酸的应用范围很广,乙酰丙酸既可作为羧酸又可作为酮发生反应,通过酯化、卤化、加氢、氧化脱氢、缩合等,制取各种产品包括树脂、医药、香料、溶剂、涂料和油墨、橡胶和塑料助剂、润滑油添加剂、表面活性剂等,乙酰内酸也是农药、染料的中间体。乙酰内酸可制造水溶性树脂,应用于造纸工业生产过滤纸。乙酰丙酸的另一种重要衍生物是1,3-戊二烯,为合成橡胶的原料。以乙酰丙酸和糠醛为原料,可以制得癸二酸…     

生物质原料木薯淀粉生产乙酰丙酸综述及市场展望

生物质原料淀粉在酸催化条件下,加热水解为葡萄糖,再脱水降解为5-羟甲基糠醛,最后降解成乙酰丙酸。综述了反应挤压法及螺杆挤压机工艺,碳水化合物物料连续水解工艺生产乙酰丙酸;采用树脂吸附法提纯乙酰丙酸。两种生产乙酰丙酸工艺适合商业化生产,生产成本低,易于产业化。据预测,以木薯淀粉为原料生产乙酰丙酸,建立年产50~500 t 的中试规模,技术上可能,经济上可行。     

硫酸盐催化转化木质纤维制备乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯的研究进展

以木质纤维原料非均相催化转化制备高附加值平台化合物乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯为研究对象, 对以硫酸盐为催化体系的木质纤维定向转化生成乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯的国内外的研究进展和趋势进行了综述。文章概述了乙酰丙酸及乙酰丙酸酯在工业产业中的应用情况; 重点比较了不同硫酸盐催化木质纤维制备乙酰丙酸及乙酰丙酸酯的过程, 并对不同溶剂体系协同作用下的木质纤维转化为乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯过程的影响规律进行了深入分析, 总结了硫酸盐类催化剂催化木质纤维定向转化的过程机理。同时针对现有工艺存在的问题进行了分析, 展望了该研究领域的发展方向。     

生物质制备乙酰丙酸酯类转化路径的研究进展

乙酰丙酸酯类是比较重要的一类平台化合物,具有广泛的应用。本文首先介绍了乙酰丙酸酯类的生物炼制途径,然后综述了目前国内外制备乙酰丙酸酯类的研究现状和最新进展。乙酰丙酸酯类的主要制备方法包括乙酰丙酸合成法、糠醇转化法以及生物质醇解法,并对3种方法的优劣进行说明,指出今后乙酰丙酸酯类的制备方法将以生物质直接醇解法为主。建议着力建立生物质直接醇解法反应过程中的热力学性质等相关数据,并加强与此相关的交叉学科的研究,以构建生物质醇解法制备乙酰丙酸酯类的理论基础。     

生物质生产乙酰丙酸研究进展

乙酰丙酸具有高反应活性和广泛的用途,是重要的平台化合物,可由生物质转化而来。本文综述了生物质生产乙酰丙酸的研究进展,包括催化方法和纯化方法。     

意大利研发乙酰丙酸绿色工艺北大核心

总部设在意大利博洛尼亚的Bio-on公司和Eridania Sadam公司日前宣布,他们将携手优化乙酰丙酸（4-氧代戊酸）的生产,将制糖业的副产品通过优化创新的工艺转化为乙酰丙酸。这种优化创新的工艺具有环境可持续性和较低的生产成本。这两个公司将致力于以农业废料、大气中的二氧化碳为原料生产乙酰丙酸。     

5-氨基乙酰丙酸的应用及合成方法

5 -氨基乙酰丙酸是一种生物体中重要的生化反应物质 ,本文综述了 5 -氨基乙酰丙酸在农业中的应用和化学合成方法     

新平台化合物乙酰丙酸制备方法研究进展

综述了目前国内外以糠醇催化水解法和生物质直接水解法制备乙酰丙酸的研究进展 ,对这两种方法的优缺点进行了比较。目前我国乙酰丙酸制备存在着企业生产规模小、收率低、环境污染严重等问题。今后乙酰丙酸制备将以生物质资源直接水解法为主 ,通过对制备工艺的深入研究 ,向高效化、绿色化方向发展     

Effect of Media Components and Growth Conditions for Improved Linoleic Acid Production by Beauveria Species

Beauveria species are well-known insect pathogenic fungi, and Beauveria bassiana is used as a biopesticide against various pests in agriculture. However, the Beauveria species has not been reported as producers of microbial oils. In this study, Beauveria spp. MTCC 5184 was used to produce microbial oil with high linoleic acid (LA) content. Ten experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of several media parameters, such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, various concentrations of carbon and nitrogen, growth duration, and oleic acid (OLA) supplementation for maximum LA and dry biomass production by the fungus. Several of these parameters had a significant impact on the production of LA, as well as dry biomass. The glucose yeast extract (GYE) medium supplemented with 1.5% (w/v) peptone yielded maximum LA (0.32 ± 0.01 g L⁻¹) and biomass (5.51 ± 0.26 g L⁻¹). However, through the addition of 1.0% (w/v) OLA, the precursor of LA, LA production was enhanced 12-fold (1.24 ± 0.03 g L⁻¹), and the biomass production increased by 5-fold (11.05 ± 0.46 g L⁻¹) in comparison to those in the basal (GYE) medium. Using lactose as the sole carbon source produced the lowest LA (0.05 ± 0.00 g L⁻¹) and biomass (1.04 ± 0.10 g L⁻¹). The results of this study will be useful for the commercial exploitation of this fungus for the production of LA-rich microbial oil for use in the production of lubricants, greases, paints, cosmetics, etc.     

An overview of hydrogen production from biomass

Hydrogen production plays a very important role in the development of hydrogen economy. One of the promising hydrogen production approaches is conversion from biomass, which is abundant, clean and renewable. Alternative thermochemical (pyrolysis and gasification) and biological (biophotolysis, water–gas shift reaction and fermentation) processes can be practically applied to produce hydrogen. This paper gives an overview of these technologies for hydrogen production from biomass. The future development will also be addressed.     

以生物质为原料的未来绿色氢能

目前开发氢能技术已具备了推广应用的基本条件,而发展生物质为原料的绿色氢能将有助于解决氢气来源绿色化与氢气储运成本两大问题。本文首先从解决氢能源发展制约因素、实现碳中和目标、加速生物质资源化能源化利用的角度阐述了发展生物质绿色氢能的意义。接着,从氢能产业的政策环境和技术成熟度分析出发,对我国氢能源的制取和储运技术发展现状及存在的问题进行了分析,比较高压、液氢和含氢化合物作为氢载体储运的几种方式,提出以生物质作为氢载体储运具有的突出优势。最后,探讨了生物质氢载体未来的发展方向,对氢生产和储运的多条技术路径成本和产业化前景进行了初步技术经济分析,指出以生物质为原料生产的甲烷、甲醇和乙醇有望成为最先实现产业化的储氢载体,在未来将有可能成为实现氢燃料电池“绿色化”的一种经济可行的方式。     

用乳酸细菌从有机废弃物生产乳酸

探讨了有机废物乳酸发酵的影响因素,包括菌种、营养物质、产物抑制、氧气和发酵方式,概述了利用含碳水化合物的有机废弃物和厨房垃圾生产乳酸的现状,并对未来的研究方向提出了展望。指出在厌氧条件下应用同型发酵乳酸细菌,采用原位产物分离技术和细胞再循环发酵通常会提高乳酸的产量;采取多菌种的联合发酵并优化提取工艺,将有助于实现有机废物工业化生产乳酸。     

The Role of Biomass in a Future World without Fossil Fuels

The demand, production, supply and use of biomass in a future world after the depletion of fossil fuels is described. In a world without fossils, the limited biomass harvest is the only carbon source. Supply of food and feed has first priority. Demand, supply and use of biomass as the only carbon raw material for the production of a number of indispensable carbon products are analyzed. Bioenergy via combustion plays a significant, but not a decisive role, because the future energy mix is dominated by other renewables. Despite considerable uncertainties of the long‐term assessment, some clear hints for a reasonable further development of biomass technologies can be extracted.     

超临界水中湿生物质催化气化制氢研究评述

超临界水中湿生物质催化气化制氢 ,将能量密度小但可再生的生物质能转变为高能密度且既可贮存又可运输的清洁能源氢能 ,具有全程良性循环的特征 ,因此具有良好的经济前景和环保优势 .本文对国内外超临界水中生物质催化气化及相关研究进展进行了综合评述 ,并分析了超临界水环境中生物质催化气化制取富氢气体的主要影响因素 ,提出进一步研究的方向     

Flaming pyrolysis model of the fixed bed cross draft long-stick wood gasifier

The future industrial development of biomass energy depends on the application of renewable energy technology in an efficient manner. Of all the competing technologies under biomass, gasifiers are considered to be one of most viable applications. The use of biomass fuel, especially biomass wastes, for distributed power production can be economically viable in many parts of the world through gasification of biomass. Since biomass, is a clean and renewable fuel, gasification gives the opportunity to convert biomass into clean fuel gas or synthesis gas for industrial uses. The preparation of feedstock for a gasifier requires time, energy and labour and this has been a setback for gasifier technology development. The present work is focused on gasification of long-stick wood as a feed material for gasifiers. This application makes reduction not only in the cost but also on the power consumption of feed material preparation. A 50 m³/h capacity gasifier was fabricated in the cross draft mode. The cross draft mode makes it possible to produce low tar content in producer gas. This cross draft mode operates with 180 W of blower supply for air to produce 10 kW of thermal output. The initial bed heights of the long-stick wood and charcoal are 58 cm and 48 cm respectively. Results were obtained for various flow conditions with air flow rates ranging from 20 to 30 m³/h. For modelling, the flaming pyrolysis time for long-stick wood in the gasifier is calculated to be 1.6 min. The length of the flaming pyrolysis zone and char gasification zone is found to be 34 cm and 30 cm respectively. The rate of feed was between 9 and 10 kg/h. Continuous operation for 5 h was used for three runs to study the performance. In this study we measured the temperature and pressure in the different zones as a function of airflow. We measured the gas flow and efficiency of the gasifier in order to determine its commercial potential for process and power industries.     

生物质热解炭化反应设备研究进展

生物质热解炭化技术作为生物质能源开发利用的一种重要途径,已经得到国内外广泛关注。文章介绍了生物质热解炭化反应设备的两大类型,即窑式炭化炉和固定床式热解炉。详细论述了各种典型设备的结构特点和适用范围,认为与窑式炭化炉相比,固定床式热解炭化炉炭化周期短、对生物质原料适应性和可操作性更强、产炭品质更有保障。最后指出了高效、稳定、机械化是生物质热解炭化设备未来的研究和发展方向。