含砷废水处理研究进展

介绍了含砷废水的危害和处理技术发展现状,分析了传统除砷工艺技术的特点及局限性。对吸附法处理含砷废水进行了重点阐述。结果表明,吸附法是同时实现废水除砷和砷资源回收利用的有效技术,而吸附法处理含砷废水的关键在于吸附剂的性能。因此为应对新的生活饮用水水质标准的要求,开发廉价、高效、稳定的新型除砷吸附材料将是重点关注的研究方向。     

除砷技术现状与进展

介绍了砷的危害及污染状况，着重介绍了除砷的各种方法，最后总结了目前除砷技术的不足，并就现状提出展望。     

氧化法处理含砷饮用水的研究进展

根据砷在水体中的存在形式、性质和毒性,简要介绍了含砷饮用水的几种常规处理方法及其原理、优缺点,重点综述了氧化法的原理及研究进展,并对氧化法在含砷饮用水处理中的应用进行了展望,以期为氧化法在含砷饮用水处理中的应用提供理论依据。     

硫氢化钠法酸性污水除砷探讨

硫氢化钠法除砷进行了初步试验研究。试验表明,在硫酸浓度7～13％,砷含量100～364mg/l范围内,硫氢化钠除砷率>99％,出水砷含量低于排放标淮(≤0.5mg/l)。污水中含有大量铁氧化物矿尘及SO_2气体时会影响除砷效果。因此,在净化处理之前必须预先除去。 酸性含砷污水,可用含硫的盐类,如硫化钠、硫氢化钠、硫代硫酸钠及硫化铁等进行处理,与砷反应,生成硫化物沉淀以达到除砷目的。本文是酸性污水硫化法除砷的试验,对影响除砷的因素作了探讨。     

饮用水除砷技术研究新进展

重点介绍了近年来各种除砷新技术的研究进展,内容包括:强化混凝、吸附、离子交换、膜法、预氧化除砷技术。评价了各除砷技术的优缺点与适用范围,并认为饮用水除砷技术的发展将呈现出以下特点:As(Ⅲ)和As(V)同步去除技术的开发;易于取得或制备、生物化学稳定性高、吸附容量大、选择性高、再生能力强的新型除砷吸附剂的开发;多种除砷技术联合,多重去除机理协同的除砷流程的开发;低能耗、低成本除砷技术的开发;生物除砷技术的开发。     

氨浸法从含砷粗氧化锌制活性氧化锌研究

在碱性氨浸法处理含有砷、铅的低级氧化锌制取活性氧化锌的工艺中，引入铁盐除砷方法，解决了氨浸法生产活性氧化锌中除砷的问题，对于含砷１％～２％的原料，产品中的砷含量可降低至０．０００５以下，本方法还为含砷的铜、镍、钴废料的利用提供了参考途径。     

饮用水除砷工艺研究进展

介绍了饮用水中砷的毒性、卫生标准与我国饮用水砷污染现状。在国内外文献基础上,详细阐述现有各种处理工艺对饮用水中砷污染去除的原理、效果与优缺点,并作出简要评价。     

黄磷除砷工艺条件的选择及应用

本文介绍了黄磷除砷的低温氧化法,用正交法选出了最佳工艺条件,经生产实践标明本方法有很好的除砷效果和磷的回收率,除砷率最高可达９１．５％,磷收率达９５％。     

氨-硫酸铵法生产饲料级氧化锌中除砷工艺研究

以锌焙砂和氨-硫酸铵溶液为原料生产饲料级高纯氧化锌,对除砷进行了重点研究.采用沉淀混凝吸附法,先用氧化剂氧化砷(Ⅲ)成砷(Ⅴ),再用沉淀吸附剂沉淀砷(Ⅴ).结果表明,温度为60℃,砷与氧化剂及沉淀吸附剂的物质的量比为1,0:1.2:1.2,搅拌浸出2 h,静置1 h,除砷效果最好.通过除砷所得氧化锌产品各项指标都符合HG 2792-1996标准.革新了氨法生产氧化锌的除砷工艺.     

基于响应面法优化电絮凝处理含砷冶炼废水的研究

利用电絮凝法处理含砷铜冶炼废水,采用单因素实验及响应面法对影响因素进行了研究,优化了处理条件,并运用XPS技术测定了固体中As、Fe的存在形式,探讨了作用机理。结果表明,响应曲面模型对电絮凝除砷行为拟合较好;在拟合的最佳条件下处理此冶炼废水,砷的去除率可达99%以上。XPS分析结果表明,固体中的Fe主要以Fe3+形式存在;部分As3+发生了氧化反应,生成了As5+。     

饮用水除砷吸附剂的研究进展

砷在水体中主要以As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的无机酸形式存在,对人体的危害很大,吸附法是国内外研究最广泛的饮用水除砷技术之一.详细说明了饮用水除砷的吸附剂类型,指出:复合材料效率高、费用低,目前应用最为广泛;纳米材料与砷结合后性质稳定,除砷效率最高,是今后的主要发展方向;生物吸附材料以其高吸附率、低成本成为研究的热点.     

Arsenic removal by coagulation and filtration: comparison of groundwaters from the United States and Bangladesh

Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a concern in many parts of the world. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency recently reduced the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 μ/L (ppb). In Bangladesh the arsenic concentration in drinking water can be as high as hundreds of parts per billion while the maximum contaminant level is 50 ppb. Consequently, there is a great need for new cost-effective methods to remove arsenic from drinking water. Here arsenic removal by coagulation and filtration was investigated using groundwater from a city in southern Colorado in the United States and from Sonargaon in Bangladesh. The results of the bench-scale experiments conducted indicate that coagulation with ferric ions followed by filtration is effective in reducing arsenic concentration in the water tested. However, the actual efficiency of removal is highly dependent on the raw water quality. Further, addition of a polyelectrolyte coagulant aid may lead to improved permeate fluxes during tangential flow microfiltration but has little effect on the residual arsenic concentration.     

Quality of groundwater in eastern Croatia. The problem of arsenic pollution

Groundwater in the area of eastern Croatia contains high concentrations of iron, manganese, ammonia, organic substances and arsenic. The appearance of inorganic arsenic in groundwater is mainly caused by arsenic from natural geological sources. Since the groundwater is the main source of drinking water for the population in this area, almost 200,000 people are daily drinking water with arsenic concentration ranging from 10 to 610 μg/L. The Croatian legislation recently revised the maximum concentration limit (MCL) for arsenic in drinking water to 10 μg/L. The population in the two towns (Osijek and Vinkovci) of this region is supplied with groundwater processed by coagulation-filtration method, but in the other towns and villages water treatment implies only rapid sand filtration. Both methods for water treatment have resulted with higher arsenic concentration than MCL, so the main goal of this study was determination of population exposure to arsenic via drinking water and possible improvement of drinking water quality. Population exposure to arsenic via drinking water is determined with hair analysis, since the hair arsenic concentration is one of three most commonly employed biomarkers used to identify or quantify overall arsenic exposure. During this study the preliminary analyses of hair arsenic concentrations in several towns and villages in eastern Croatia were provided. The positive correlation between heightened arsenic concentration in drinking water and hair arsenic concentration was determined. In order to improve drinking water quality e.g. arsenic removal from contaminated drinking water, different modified adsorbents were used and compared (zeolite–clinoptilolite, manganese greensand and cationic exchange resin). Adsorbents were chemically modified and saturated with Fe(III) ions, while the arsenic solutions were prepared by processed groundwater.     

MIEX-DOC~离子交换树脂的饮用水除砷研究

对新型阴离子交换树脂MIEX-DOC的除砷性能进行了研究,考察了该树脂除砷容量、对三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]和五价砷[As(Ⅴ)]的去除能力、不同离子和水体pH值对树脂除砷[包括As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)]效率的影响。结果表明,MIEX-DOC树脂对人工配制高砷水(0.1mg.L-1)的除砷容量约为0.0051mg.mL-1;对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除能力相当;常见的共存离子对树脂除砷效率有抑制或促进影响;不同pH值下,MIEX-DOC树脂除砷效率不同,但对0.1mg.L-1的高砷水的除砷效率均达到50%以上。对农村高砷水的实地中试研究表明,当源水砷浓度约为0.1mg.L-1时,出水砷浓度低于0.05mg.L-1,达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)的农村小型集中式供水和分散式供水水质指标。成本分析结果表明,采用国产MIEX-DOC净水设备的除砷效果与进口设备相当,但除砷成本较低(0.56元.t-1),在我国农村高砷饮用水处理中有一定应用潜力。     

MIEX—DOC离子交换树脂的饮用水除砷研究

对新型阴离子交换树脂MIEX—DOC@的除砷性能进行了研究,考察了该树脂除砷容量、对三价砷[As（m）]和五价砷[As（V）]的去除能力、不同离子和水体pH值对树脂除砷[包括As（Ⅲ）和As（V）]效率的影响。结果表明,MIEX-DOC~树脂对人工配制高砷水（O．1mg·L-1）的除砷容量约为0．0051mg·mL-1;对As（Ⅲ）和As（V）的去除能力相当;常见的共存离子对树脂除砷效率有抑制或促进影响;不同pH值下,MIEX—DOC@树脂除砷效率不同,但对0．1mg·L-1的高砷水的除砷效率均达到50％以上。对农村高砷水的实地中试研究表明,当源水砷浓度约为0．1mg·L-1时,出水砷浓度低于0．05mg·L-1达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—2006）的农村小型集中式供水和分散式供水水质指标。成本分析结果表明,采用国产MIEX-DOC净水设备的除砷效果与进口设备相当,但除砷成本较低（0．56元·t-1）,在我国农村高砷饮用水处理中有一定应用潜力。     

The Adsorption of Arsenic Ions Using Beidellite,Zeolite, and Sepiolite Clays: A Study of Kinetic,Equilibrium and Thermodynamics

Arsenic contamination in drinking water resources is a global problem; therefore, its removal from drinking water has become an important sustainable matter. The adsorption process can be more cost-effective and applicable, especially, if the absorbents used in the process are low-cost natural geo-materials. Beidellite, zeolite, and sepiolite are inexpensive and natural minerals available locally, modified, and used as adsorbents for the removal of arsenic ions from aqueous solutions in batch experiments. The kinetics of the adsorption process was separately tested for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order reactions and intra-particle diffusion models. The rate constants of adsorption for all these kinetic models were calculated. The comparison among the models showed that the pseudo second-order model best described the adsorption kinetics. Applied to the experimental equilibrium, at different temperatures were the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm was used to calculate the adsorption capacities (Q°) of minerals for arsenic ions. The adsorption capacities of these three modified minerals, at different temperatures, ranged from 476 to 841 µg/g. Thermodynamic studies showed that the arsenic uptake reactions by minerals were endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Bottled spring water containing arsenic, sold in markets, was used to conduct the arsenic adsorption study beidellite, zeolite, and sepiolite, minerals which efficiently removed the arsenate ions from the bottled drinking water. The use of modified beidellite, zeolite, and sepiolite as adsorbents in the arsenic ion removal processes is possible, based on the optimum parameters found.     

Nanofiltration Membrane Process for the Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water

The removal of arsenic from drinking water by nanofiltration membranes was investigated. Experiments were conducted with tap water to which arsenate and arsenite were added. Two types of nanofiltration membranes, i.e., NF‐90 and NF‐200, have been tested. The effect of various operating conditions, e.g., applied pressure, feed concentration, pH and temperature, were also investigated. The pH and arsenic concentration in the feed and the operating temperature are found to be decisive factors in determining the arsenic concentration remaining in the permeate. The level of removal of As(V) was higher than 98 % for both membranes, but that of As(III) was much lower. It can be concluded that by controlling the operating parameters, source water containing As(V) may be recovered as drinking water to EPA maximum contaminant level quality standards, but that water containing As(III) must undergo a pre‐oxidation treatment before passing through the nanofiltration membrane in order to maintain drinking water quality.