锦纶地毯纱固色工艺研究

本文研究了锦纶地毯纱用酸性染料染色后的固色工艺,比较了固色剂种类、用量、固色温度及时间对染色K/S值和水洗牢度等染色性能的影响.通过正交试验优化了固色工艺.研究表明:固色剂Zetesal NR的固色效果较好,最佳工艺条件是:固色剂zelesal NR用量1.4 g/L,固色温度65℃,时间30分钟.此时水洗褪色等级提高1～1.5级,达到5级;沾色等级提高1.5～2级,达到3～4级以上;固色对K/S值无显著影响,干湿摩擦牢度达5级,日晒牢度达7级以上.     

德凯素三原色染棉纤维工艺及性能研究

探讨德凯素活性染料在染色纺棉散纤维过程中硬水、盐碱量及染色时间和固色时间各工艺因素对染色的影响。通过测其K/S值、皂洗牢度等确定一种较合理的工艺,为科学制定色纺棉散纤维活性染料染色的工艺提供参考。     

羊毛活性/分散染料染色染料相互作用研究

在一定工艺条件下，用活性染料染羊毛，再用分散染料套染，其K／S值大于单独使用活性和分散染料染色的K／S值之和，活性染料对羊毛起到了改性作用，使分散染料染色湿牢度有显著提高。随着活性染料浓度的增加，分散染料的上染率也增加。用分散染料套染活性染料，其匀染性相对于单独使用活性染料有提高。     

活性染料SEFR值与中性固色工艺研究

根据活性染料染色特征值S．E．F．R．选择适用于中性固色工艺的活性染料，结果表明，S值高和低的活性染料对碱的浓度和温度敏感，对固色率的影响较为杂乱，但在温度为80℃时，这类染料的固色率均达到峰值：染色特征值在50-60范围内的活性染料适用于中性固色、以甲酸钠为中性固色剂对活性染料进行中性固色实验，其固色率均可达到60%左右．各项牢度均达到标准。最佳工艺条件为：甲酸钠：15g／L；尿素：20g／L；双氰胺10g／L，固色温度85℃：浴比：1：20。     

锦/棉织物一浴法染色工艺探讨

本文对活性染料染锦/棉交织物的染色工艺进行了系统研究。根据活性染料的染色特征值SERF值从大到小的顺序筛选了三组活性染料,分别对先酸后碱工艺和应用pH值调节剂A工艺的染色效果作了比较研究。结果表明:SERF值中等的染料适用于上述两种工艺。先酸后碱工艺的固色率可达70%,摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度分别为4～5级,同色性较好。应用pH值调节剂A的工艺固色率可达80%,摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度分别为4～5级,且同色性较好。     

纯棉织物涂料染色工艺的研究

本文研究了阳离子改性纯棉针织物荧光涂料染色的新工艺,系统分析了涂料浓度、染色温度、粘合剂用量、焙烘温度等工艺参数对涂料染色织物各项性能的影响。通过测定染色织物的K/S值、摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度,得到柠檬黄荧光涂料对阳离子改性纯棉针织物染色的最佳工艺配方:涂料浓度为0.5%~3%(o.w.f.),染色温度为60℃,粘合剂用量为5 g/L,焙烘温度为120℃。     

大豆/PTT微胶囊分散染料/活性染料一浴一步法染色

探讨了纯碱和氯化钠用量、染料浓度对微胶囊分散蓝2BLN/活性染料(活性蓝KN-R、活性深蓝B-2GLN和活性蓝K-3RL)一浴法染色大豆/PTT混纺织物表观色深K/S值的影响,测定了不同染色工艺对染色织物牢度的影响.结果表明:当染料总用量为2％(o.w.f.),纯碱用量1g/L,氯化钠用量20 g/L,95℃条件下保温30分钟时,可使大豆/PTT混纺织物获得较高的表观色深.     

聚乳酸/丽赛/竹纤维混纺织物深色染色工艺研究

在聚乳酸纤维混纺织物的二浴法染色中,以表观色深K/S值作为衡量染色效果的依据,研究了第一浴染色工艺曲线、温度、pH值、时间对织物染色性能的影响;以染料的上染率K/S值为依据,研究了第二浴活性染料染色工艺曲线、温度、时间对织物染色性能的影响。提出了较佳的聚乳酸混纺织物深色染色配方及工艺流程。     

降解壳聚糖在棉织物活性染料低盐染色中的应用

采用降解壳聚糖对棉织物进行预处理,比较处理前后棉织物活性染料染色的上染率、固色率及耐摩擦牢度,在此基础上研究低盐工艺对棉织物活性染料染色的上染率、固色率的影响。实验结果表明降解壳聚糖预处理棉织物显著改善活性染料染色性能,提高染料上染率,减少了染整加工过程中对环境造成的污染。降解壳聚糖预处理的最佳工艺条件:浸渍温度80℃、降解壳聚糖用量0.8%(owf)、浸渍时间30 min。     

碱性染料在蔺草染色中上染率和摩擦牢度的研究

选用碱性兰染料对蔺草进行染色,探讨染液pH值、染色保温温度、染料用量、电解质的用量及染色保温时间对蔺草上染率和摩擦牢度的影响,结果表明,用碱性兰染料对蔺草进行染色时,最佳上染率和摩擦牢度的工艺条件是:染液pH值7～10,染色保温温度80℃,染色温度在70℃以下时升温速率控制在3℃/min,染色温度在70～80℃时升温速率控制在1℃/2 min,染料用量为0.5%～1%(owf),元明粉用量10 g/L,染色保温时间20 min。     

新型碱剂E与活性染料的同步染色研究

制备新型碱剂E是一种有机碱缓冲体系,可取代纯碱用于各类活性染料的染色,可一次加入,用量为纯碱的1/7～1/12;染色过程中pH值稳定,并可抑制染色色斑的产生,改善其易洗涤性、干湿处理牢度。     

蚕蛹蛋白纤维混纺纱染色效果影响因素分析

为迎合市场对蚕蛹蛋白纤维应用的需求,对蚕蛹蛋白纤维和天丝混纺纱进行了染色性能测试分析。以上染率及K/S值作为衡量指标,对上染后的蚕蛹蛋白纤维混纺纱进行上染效果评估。通过综合考虑,确定最佳染色工艺如下:1%(o.m.f.)的活性蓝M-2GE染料,浴比1∶20,平平加O质量浓度为0.5 g/L,硫酸钠质量浓度为25 g/L,碳酸钠质量浓度为15 g/L,上染温度和时间分别为65℃和45 min,固色温度和时间分别为70℃和35 min。经最优工艺染色后,蚕蛹蛋白纤维针织面料染色牢度较好,符合染色质量要求。     

Reactive dyeing of silk using commercial acid dyes based on a three‐component Mannich‐type reaction

Acid dyes are employed for commercially dyeing silk, which results in ionic bonds between the silk fibroin and the dye. This generally leads to low wet fastness properties for dyed silk fabrics. In this work, three commercial acid dyes with aromatic primary amine structures were selected to dye silk using a Mannich‐type reaction, resulting in improved wet fastness of dyed silk by forming covalent bonds between silk fibroin and dye. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing was applied to silk fabrics at both 30 and 90°C in trials. Dyeing at 90°C can shorten the dyeing time compared with dyeing at 30°C, even although dye exhaustion and relative fixation at 90°C were a little lower. The dyeing process was optimised when the dyeing temperature was 90°C, dyebath pH 4, dye‐to‐formaldehyde ratio 1:30 and holding dyeing time 60 minutes. The results showed that the dye exhaustion on silk fabrics for the three aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes exceeded 94% and their relative fixation was over 80%. Their washing and rubbing fastness reached grade 4 or higher. Hence, the colour fastness properties of dyed silk fabrics using the Mannich‐type reactive dyeing method is superior to the conventional acid dyeing method using the same aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing for silk fabrics at 90°C can be developed into a novel and rapid reactive dyeing method, promising an effective dyeing process with excellent colour fastness.     

阳离子改性棉织物活性染料染色性能

用自制的阳离子改性剂对棉织物进行改性处理,用浓度为6%(o.w.f.)的活性红3BS、活性黄3RS、活性黑KN-B三种染料分别对改性后的棉织物进行无盐染色。分别讨论了上染速率曲线、移染性能对上染性能的影响。得到的最优固色工艺为:碳酸钠用量为10 g/L~15 g/L,在60℃下固色20分钟~30分钟。改性棉织物的匀染性良好,耐水洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度与常规染色基本一致。     

Effect of a cationising agent on the conventional reactive dyeing of cotton

Cationisation of cotton is emerging as an effective tool that may help to solve the environmental problems associated with the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. The efficiency of the cationising agent CA200 has been investigated and was found to be more effective when compared with the usual method for reactive dyeing of cotton. Pretreatment of the cotton fabric with the cationising agent increases the rate of dyeing compared with the existing method of reactive dyeing. The colour yields, in terms of the Kubelka–Munk values as a function of the amount of dye fixed, showed that cationisation enhances the colour strength. It also improves the washing fastness, rubbing fastness and depth of shade. The positive environmental impact of this cationisation process is significant and the cationised cotton shows a similar fabric quality as with the normal dyeing process.     

Synthesis and salt‐free dyeing characteristics of cationic reactive dyes containing polyetheramine segments

A series of cationic reactive dyes containing both quaternary ammonium and polyetheramine as soluble groups and monochlorotriazine as a reactive group have been synthesised and applied to cellulose fibre by salt‐free exhaust dyeing. Investigation of the synthesis method and dyeing properties of these cationic reactive dyes showed that the best pH value for these dyes is 6, and also that these cationic reactive dyes give a high substantivity to cellulose. In the salt‐free dyeing process, their adsorption was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm during the primary exhaustion stage, but in the secondary exhaustion stage the adsorption was in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm, and their secondary exhaustion reached up to 96% and above. Moreover, the degree of fixation, the levelling, and the transfer properties on cotton fabric were good. Light fastness reached grade 5–6, washing, perspiration, and dry rubbing fastness reached grade 4 and above, but wet rubbing fastness reached only grade 3–4.     

Pretreatment of cotton fabrics with polyamino carboxylic acids for salt‐free dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes

In this study, polyamino carboxylic acids have been used to improve the dyeability of cotton in a salt‐free reactive dyeing process. These polyamino carboxylic acids were prepared by partial carboxylation of polyvinylamine. Cotton fabric was pretreated with polyamino carboxylic acids and dyed with reactive dyes. The colour strengths of the dyed fabrics were evaluated by measuring the K/S values. The fastness properties (washing, rubbing and light fastness) of the dyed cotton fabrics were also measured. The pretreatment of cotton with polyamino carboxylic acids creates positive charges on the fabric surface. In this way, salt‐free reactive dyeing of cotton or dyeing with only a small amount of electrolyte is possible.     

新型碱剂RS-3518在活性染料浸染固色中的应用探讨

分别应用新型固色碱剂RS-3518和纯碱对活性染料浸染染色进行了试验,从染色深度K/S值、各项色牢度、上染速率的对比试验中,讨论了新型碱剂RS-3518在活性染料染色中代替纯碱作为固色刺的可行性,并通过正交试验找到优化的固色工艺.实践证明:碱荆RS-3518完全可以代替纯碱,可以获得与使用纯碱相当或更高的K/S值和染色牢度,且上色缓慢,起到匀染作用.     

Research in the cold pad–batch dyeing process for wool pretreated by hydrogen peroxide

The cold pad–batch dyeing process of wool pretreated by hydrogen peroxide was carried out with Lanasol reactive dyes and Realan reactive dyes. The influences of various conditions of the dyeing process, including urea dosage, sodium bisulphite dosage, pH value, batching time and the liquor pickup on colour yield, were analysed. Fixation, levelness of dyeing, dye penetration, colour fastness, breaking strength and elongation were compared between untreated and treated wool fabrics. The study showed that cold pad–batch dyeing of wool fabric is a good prospect for future use because of the resulting advantages, such as higher fixation yield, less energy usage and lower sewage discharge.     

Use of ultrasonic energy in reactive dyeing of cellulosic fabrics

The use of ultrasonic energy in dyeing cotton fabrics with monochlorotriazine and vinylsulphone reactive dyes has been studied spectrophotometrically. The dyeings carried out conventionally and by the use of ultrasonic techniques were compared in terms of percentage exhaustion, total amount of dye transferred to the washing bath after dyeing, fastness properties and colour values of the dyed materials. Overall results have shown that the use of ultrasound in reactive dyeing of cellulosic fabrics can result in energy savings, less water consumption, increased depth of colour and better process conditions.