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1.
Confirmation of Potential Herbicidal Agents in Hulls of Rice, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An ethyl acetate extract of Oryza sativa (rice) hulls yielded seven compounds: hentriacontane, 1-tetratriacontanol, β-sitosterol, momilactone A, momilactone B, tricin (a flavonoid), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside. The structures of these compounds were elucidated with 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), using 1D and 2D spectral methods, aided by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI–MS), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB–MS), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. The complete 1H NMR assignments for momilactone A and B and 13C NMR assignments for tricin are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, hentriacontane, 1-tetratriacontanol, and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside were identified for the first time in rice hulls. In biological activity tests using these identified compounds, momilactone A and B showed potent inhibitory activity against duckweed (Lemna paucicostata). 1-Tetratriacontanol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside also showed about 13–20% inhibitory activity based on chlorophyll reduction. Hentriacontane and β-sitosterol did not show any herbicidal activity. In a germination assay of three weed species (Leptochloa chinenesis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Cyperus difformis L.) in culture tubes both momilactones A and B had high inhibitory effects. Momilactone B completely inhibited germination of all three weed species at 20 ppm. Germination of L. chinensis L. was completely inhibited by a 4 ppm solution of momilactone B.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at 相似文献
2.
Ali Khoddami Hasanah M. Ghazali Ali Yassoralipour Yogeshini Ramakrishnan Ali Ganjloo 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(4):533-540
The physicochemical properties of crude Nigella seed (Nigella sativa L.) oil which was extracted using Soxhlet, Modified Bligh–Dyer and Hexane extraction methods were determined. The effect of
different extraction methods which includes different parameters, such as temperature, time and solvent on the extraction
yield and the physicochemical properties were investigated. The experimental results showed that temperature, different solvents
and extraction time had the most significant effect on the yield of the Nigella oil extracts. The fatty acid (FA) compositions
of Nigella seed oil were further analyzed by gas chromatography to compare the extraction methods. The C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2
have been identified to be the dominant fatty acids in the Nigella seed oils. However, the main triacylglycerol (TAG) was
LLL followed by OLL and PLL. The FA and TAG content showed that the composition of the Nigella seed oil extracted by different
methods was mostly similar, whereas relative concentration of the identified compounds were apparently different according
to the extraction methods. The melting and crystallization temperatures of the oil extracted by Soxhlet were −2.54 and −55.76 °C,
respectively. The general characteristics of the Nigella seed oil obtained by different extraction methods were further compared.
Where the Soxhlet extraction method was considered to be the optimum process for extracting Nigella seed oil with a higher
quality with respect to the other two processes. 相似文献
3.
Preparation and Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camelina sativa</Emphasis> Protein Isolates and Mucilage 下载免费PDF全文
Viive Sarv Olev Trass Levente L. Diosady 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2017,94(10):1279-1285
Processes for the production of protein isolates from camerlina Camelina sativa were developed by modifying the procedure used for other seeds from the Brassicaceae family, such as rapeseed and mustard. The procedure consisted of defatting the seed followed by alkaline extraction at pH 11, ultra- and diafiltration using a 5-kDa membrane, isolelectric precipitation of the proteins at pH 5 and recovery of the acid soluble protein isolates (SPI) after further filtration and drying. Protein yields as precipitated protein isolate and SPI were 10.7 and 11.4%, containing 67 and 42%, respectively. Due to the high concentration of mucilage in camelina, a water-to-seed ratio of 30 had to be used for protein extraction from the hexane-defatted seed and most of the mucilage had to be removed prior to the defatting process. A rapid mucilage extraction process using water at 55 °C was developed. Camelina mucilage absorbs water and oil. Viscosity measurements of dried and redissolved mucilage showed the highest values at natural pH, and the viscosity increased rapidly above 1% solids concentration. It may be a useful product in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 相似文献
4.
Biodiesel derived from camelina as well as other feedstocks including palm, mustard, coconut, sunflower, soybean and canola
were prepared via the conventional base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol. Fatty acid profiles and the fuel properties
of biodiesel from different vegetable oils were analyzed and tested in accordance with ASTM D6751. Camelina biodiesel contains
10–12%, 37–40%, and 48–50% saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated components, respectively. Some fuel properties of
camelina biodiesel are comparable to that of sunflower biodiesel including kinematic viscosity (40 °C), flash point, cloud
point, cold filter plugging point, and oil stability index. However, camelina biodiesel exhibited the poorest oxidative stability,
highest distillation temperature and has the highest potential to form coke during combustion, all of which are attributed
to the high amounts of n-3-fatty acids in camelina oil. While neat camelina biodiesel may exhibit undesirable fuel properties,
it is very comparable with soybean biodiesel at the B20 level. 相似文献
5.
Biosurfactant from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi</Emphasis> from Rice Bran Oil Sludge and Potential Applications 下载免费PDF全文
Garima Bhardwaj Swaranjit Singh Cameotra Harish Kumar Chopra 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2016,19(5):957-965
A newly discovered bacterium, Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi, was isolated from the sludge of rice bran oil processing. When the bacterium was grown on rice bran, it produced biosurfactant which reduced the surface tension of the media to 27.9 from 72 mN/m. The biosurfactant was recovered by a solvent extraction method and characterized with the help of various structure elucidation techniques viz. FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and LC–MS analysis. The combined results of FTIR and NMR revealed the presence of carbonyl, olefinic and aliphatic groups, with the typical spectra of lipids. Moreover, LC–MS analysis also supported the same information. The biosurfactant was also studied for its anti-oxidant and microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) potential. The anti-oxidant activity was observed by the DPPH free radical scavenging method using ascorbic acid as the standard. The IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) was calculated and for standard, it was 0.056 mg/mL and for the biosurfactant it turned out to be 1.3 mg/mL which shows its good anti-oxidant potential. The sandpack test was performed to check its MEOR potential and kerosene was recovered up to 90 %, which shows its excellent applicability in the MEOR processes. 相似文献
6.
Elena Pastor-Cavada Rocio Juan Julio E. Pastor Manuel Alaiz Javier Vioque 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(4):329-335
The fatty acid composition of the seed oil of 19 wild legume species from southern Spain was analyzed by gas chromatography.
The main seed oil fatty acids ranged from C14:0 to C20:0. Among unsaturated fatty acids, the most abundant were linoleic, oleic and linolenic acids, except for Lathyrus angulatus, L. aphaca, L. clymenum, L. sphaericus and L. nigricans where C18:3 contents were higher than C18:1 contents. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated acid in studied species, ranging from 11.6% in Lathyrus sativus to 19.3% in Lens nigricans. All studied species showed higher amounts of total unsaturated fatty acids than saturated ones. Among studied species, the
ω6/ω3 ratio was variable, ranging from 2.0% in L. nigricans to 13.8% in L. sativus, there being eight species in which the ω6/ω3 ratio was below 5. The fatty acids observed in these plants supports the use
of these plants as a source of important dietary lipids. 相似文献
7.
Brenda H. Jennings Casimir C. Akoh 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2010,87(4):411-417
Rice bran oil structured lipid (RBOSL) was produced from rice bran oil (RBO) and the medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), caprylic
acid, with Lipozyme RM IM as biocatalyst. RBOSL and RBO were mixed with palm stearin (PS) in ratios of 30:70, 40:60, 50:50,
60:40 and 70:30 v/v (RBOSL to PS) to formulate trans-free shortenings. Fatty acid profiles, solid fat content (SFC), melting and crystallization curves and crystal morphology
were determined. The content of caprylic acid in shortening blends with RBOSL ranged from 9.92 to 22.14 mol%. Shortening blends
containing 30:70 and 60:40 RBOSL or RBO and PS had fatty acid profiles similar to a commercial shortening (CS). SFCs for blends
were within the desired range for CS of 10–50% at 10–40 °C. Shortening blends containing higher amounts of RBOSL or RBO had
melting and crystallization curves similar to CS. All shortening blends contained primarily β′ crystals. RBOSL blended with
PS was comparable to RBO in producing shortenings with fatty acid profiles, SFC, melting and crystallization profiles and
crystal morphologies that were similar. RBOSL blended with PS can possibly provide healthier alternative to some oils currently
blended with PS and commercial shortening to produce trans-free shortening because of the health benefits of the MCFA in RBOSL. 相似文献
8.
M. L. Ulanovskii 《Coke and Chemistry》2009,52(1):11-15
Experimental data illustrate the diversity of ash composition in Russian coal, even within a single rank. Examples show that the ash basicity may be used for effective optimization of the coking-batch composition by basin, rank, and components, in improving the CRI and CSR values of coke. 相似文献
9.
Derivatives of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (chrysanthemic acid) are classic natural pyrethroids discovered in pyrethrum plants and show insecticidal activity. Chrysanthemic acid, with two asymmetric carbons, has four possible stereoisomers, and most natural pyrethroids have the (1R,3R)-trans configuration. Interestingly, chrysanthemic acid–related structures are also found in insect sex pheromones; carboxylic esters of (1R,3R)-trans-(2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (chrysanthemyl alcohol) have been reported from two mealybug species. In the present study, another ester of chrysanthemyl alcohol was discovered from the striped mealybug, Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), as its pheromone. By means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses using a chiral stationary phase column and authentic standards, the pheromone was identified as (1S,3R)-(?)-cis-chrysanthemyl tiglate. The (1S,3R)-enantiomer strongly attracted adult males in a greenhouse trapping bioassay, whereas the other enantiomers showed only weak activity. The cis configuration of the chrysanthemic acid–related structure appears to be relatively scarce in nature, and this is the first example reported from arthropods. 相似文献
10.
Abdalbasit Adam Mariod Sara Elkheir Yousif Mohamed Ahmed Bertrand Matthäus 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2010,87(7):763-769
Annona squamosa and Catunaregam nilotica seeds and oils were characterized for their approximate analysis and physico-chemical properties. The oil and protein contents
were 26.8, 17.5 and 40.0, 22.2%, in A. squamosa and C. nilotica seeds, respectively. The oils were extracted using cold extraction (CE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) methods. Fatty acids
and tocopherols were determined by GC–MS and HPLC, respectively. Generally the physico-chemical properties and fatty acids
were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the extraction methods. The major fatty acids of A. squamosa oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 49.2 and 50.5%, linoleic 22.3 and 22.7%, palmitic 15.6 and 15.2%, and stearic 10.6
and 9.3%, respectively. While the major fatty acids in C. nilotica oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 10.5, and 10.4%, linoleic 63.1 and 63.4%, palmitic 9.7 and 9.8% and stearic 5.1 and
5.4%, respectively. The tocopherol content of CE and SE extracted oils from A. squamosa amounted to 16.6 and 15.5 and from C. nilotica amounted to 110.5 and 107.7 mg/100 g oil, respectively, with delta-tocopherol as the predominant tocopherol in A. squamosa oil, and beta-tocopherol in C. nilotica oil. The total amount of amino acids was found to be 7.266 and 14.202 g/100 g protein, in seeds of A. squamosa and C. nilotica, respectively. 相似文献
11.
Ralphs MH Creamer R Baucom D Gardner DR Welsh SL Graham JD Hart C Cook D Stegelmeier BL 《Journal of chemical ecology》2008,34(1):32-38
Locoweeds (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp. that contain the toxic alkaloid swainsonine) cause widespread poisoning of livestock on western rangelands. There are
354 species of Astragalus and 22 species of Oxytropis in the US and Canada. Recently, a fungal endophyte, Embellisia spp., was isolated from Astragalus and Oxytropis spp. and shown to produce swainsonine. We conducted a survey of the major locoweeds from areas where locoweed poisoning has
occurred to verify the presence of the endophyte and to relate endophyte infection with swainsonine concentrations. Species
found to contain the fungal endophyte and produce substantial amounts of swainsonine were A. wootoni, A. pubentissimus, A. mollissimus, A. lentiginosus, and O. sericea. Astragalus species generally had higher concentrations of swainsonine than Oxytropis. Swainsonine was not detected in A. alpinus, A. cibarius, A. coltonii, A. filipes, or O. campestris. The endophyte could not be cultured from A. mollissimus var. thompsonii or A. amphioxys, but was detected by polymerase chain reaction, and only 30% of these samples contained trace levels of swainsonine. Further
research is necessary to determine if the endophyte is able to colonize these and other species of Astragalus and Oxytropis and determine environmental influences on its growth and synthesis of swainsonine. 相似文献
12.
13.
Nitroso compounds were electrogenerated from (1S, 2S)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-propane-1,3-diol derivatives (derivatives of p-nitrophenylserinol) in a “redox” flow cell equipped with two consecutive porous electrodes of opposite polarities. In spite. of the relative instability in methanol-acetate buffer of the hydroxylamine intermediates produced at the first porous electrode (cathode), the nitroso derivatives were prepared in good yields at the second one (anode). A coupling reaction between some nitroso derivatives and p-toluenesulphinic acid led to N-sulphonylphenylhydroxylamines. 相似文献
14.
J.-F. Butaud P. Raharivelomanana J.-P. Bianchini E. M. Gaydou 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(4):353-356
The sandalwood kernels of Santalum insulare (Santalaceae) collected in French Polynesia give seed oils containing significant amounts of ximenynic acid, E-11-octadecen-9-oic acid (64–86%). Fatty acid (FA) identifications were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS) of FA methyl esters. Among the other main eight identified fatty acids, oleic acid was found at a 7–28% level. The
content in stearolic acid, octadec-9-ynoic acid, was low (0.7–3.0%). An inverse relationship was demonstrated between ximenynic
acid and oleic acid using 20 seed oils. Results obtained have been compared to other previously published data on species
belonging to the Santalum genus, using multivariate statistical analysis. The relative FA S. insulare composition, rich in ximenynic acid is in the same order of those given for S. album or S. obtusifolium. The other compared species (S. acuminatum, S. lanceolatum, S. spicatum and S. murrayanum) are richer in oleic acid (40–59%) with some little differences in linolenic content. 相似文献
15.
Islam S. Sobhy Atsushi Miyake Tomonori Shinya Ivan Galis 《Journal of chemical ecology》2017,43(9):929-943
Plants synthesize variable mixtures of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as part of their evolutionary conserved defense. To elucidate the impact of chewing herbivores with different level of adaptation on HIPV profiles in rice, we measured HIPVs released from rice seedlings challenged by either the generalist herbivore Mythimna loreyi (MYL) or the specialist Parnara guttata (PAG). Both herbivores markedly elicited the emission of HIPVs, mainly on the second and third days after attack compared to control plants. In addition, side-by-side HIPV comparisons using MYL and PAG caterpillars revealed that generalist feeding induced comparably more HIPVs relative to specialist, particularly on day two as highlighted by multivariate analysis (PLS-DA) of emitted HIPVs, and further confirmed in mimicked herbivory experiments. Here, mechanically wounded plants treated with water (WW) released more VOCs than untreated controls, and on top of this, oral secretions (OS) from both herbivores showed differential effects on volatile emissions from the wounded plants. Similar to actual herbivory, MYL OS promoted higher amounts of HIPVs relative to PAG OS, thus supporting disparate induction of rice indirect defenses in response to generalist and specialist herbivores, which could be due to the differential composition of their OS. (196 words). 相似文献
16.
Paul S. Robbins Satoshi Nojima Sridhar Polavarapu Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer Cesar Rodriguez-Saona Robert J. Holdcraft Nancy H. Consolie Daniel C. Peck Wendell L. Roelofs 《Journal of chemical ecology》2009,35(3):336-341
The sex pheromone of Phyllophaga (Phytalus) georgiana was characterized as valine methyl ester, tentatively the l-enantiomer. This is the first sex pheromone identified from the Phyllophaga subgenus Phytalus. The pheromone was extracted from female glands, the active component isolated by coupled gas chromatography–electroantennogram
detection analysis, characterized by mass spectrometry, and shown to be active in field tests. The seasonal flight pattern
was determined for P. georgiana as well as for three other species, P. anxia (both northern and southern genitalic forms), P. gracilis, and P. postrema. The latter three species were captured in traps baited with l-isoleucine methyl ester.
Sridhar Polavarapu, deceased May 7, 2004. We dedicate this publication to our friend and colleague. 相似文献
17.
The hydrocarbons (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-18:H) and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19:H) constitute the pheromone of the winter moth, Erannis bajaria. These compounds belong to a large group of lepidopteran pheromones which consist of unsaturated hydrocarbons and their corresponding
oxygenated derivatives. The biosynthesis of such hydrocarbons with an odd number of carbons in the chain is well understood.
In contrast, knowledge about the biosynthesis of even numbered derivatives is lacking. We investigated the biosynthesis of
3Z,6Z,9Z-18:H by applying deuterium-labeled precursors to females of E. bajaria followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of extracts of the pheromone gland. A mixture of deuterium-labeled
[17,17,18,18-2H4]-3Z,6Z,9Z-18:H and the unlabeled 3Z,6Z,9Z-18:H was obtained after topical application and injection of (10Z,13Z,16Z)-[2,2,3,3-2H4]-10,13,16-nonadecatrienoic acid ([2,2,3,3-2H4]-10Z,13Z,16Z-19:acid) or (11Z,14Z,17Z)-[3,3,4,4-2H4]-11,14,17-icosatrienoic acid ([3,3,4,4-2H4]-11Z,14Z,17Z-20:acid). These results are consistent with a biosynthetic pathway that starts with α-linolenic acid (9Z,12Z,15Z-18:acid). Chain elongation leads to 11Z,14Z,17Z-20:acid, which is shortened by α-oxidation as the key step to yield 10Z,13Z,16Z-19:acid. This acid can be finally reduced to an aldehyde and decarbonylated or decarboxylated to furnish the pheromone component
3Z,6Z,9Z-18:H. A similar transformation of 11Z,14Z,17Z-20:acid yields the second pheromone component, 3Z,6Z,9Z-19:H. 相似文献
18.
Synthesis,Characterization and Properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Alkyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-di(2-hydroxyethyl) Amine Oxides 下载免费PDF全文
Hongqin Liu Guoying Shi Baocai Xu Shuyu Chen Guiju Zhang 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2017,20(1):129-136
N‐Dodecyl‐N,N‐di(2‐hydroxyethyl) amine oxide (C12DHEAO) and N‐stearyl‐N,N‐di(2‐hydroxyethyl) amine oxide (C18DHEAO) were synthesized with N‐alkyl‐diethanolamine and hydrogen peroxide. Their chemical structures were confirmed using 1H‐NMR spectra, mass spectral fragmentation and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. It was found that C12DHEAO and C18DHEAO reduced the surface tension of water to a minimum value of approximately 28.75 mN m?1 at concentration of 2.48 × 10?3 mol L?1 and 32.45 mN m?1 at concentration of 5.21 × 10?5 mol L?1, respectively. The minimum interfacial tension (IFTmin) and the dynamic interfacial tension (DIT) of oil–water system were measured. When C18DHEAO concentration was in the range of 0.1–0.5%, the IFTmin between liquid paraffin and C18DHEAO solutions all reached the ultra‐low interfacial tension. Furthermore, their foam properties were investigated by Ross‐Miles method, and the height of foam of C12DHEAO was 183 mm. It was also found that they showed strong emulsifying power. 相似文献
19.
Joseph J. Karchesy Rick G. Kelsey M. P. González-Hernández 《Journal of chemical ecology》2018,44(5):510-524
Yellow-cedar, Callitropsis nootkatensis, is prevalent in coastal forests of southeast Alaska, western Canada, and inland forests along the Cascades to northern California, USA. These trees have few microbial or animal pests, attributable in part to the distinct groups of biologically active secondary metabolites their tissues store for chemical defense. Here we summarize the new yellow-cedar compounds identified and their biological activities, plus new or expanded activities for tissues, extracts, essential oils and previously known compounds since the last review more than 40 years ago. Monoterpene hydrocarbons are the most abundant compounds in foliage, while heartwood contains substantial quantities of oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with one or more tropolones. Diterpenes occur in foliage and bark, whereas condensed tannins have been isolated from inner bark. Biological activities expressed by one or more compounds in these groups include fungicide, bactericide, sporicide, acaricide, insecticide, general cytotoxicity, antioxidant and human anticancer. The diversity of organisms impacted by whole tissues, essential oils, extracts, or individual compounds now encompasses ticks, fleas, termites, ants, mosquitoes, bacteria, a water mold, fungi and browsing animals. Nootkatone, is a heartwood component with sufficient activity against arthropods to warrant research focused toward potential development as a commercial repellent and biopesticide for ticks, mosquitoes and possibly other arthropods that vector human and animal pathogens. 相似文献
20.
Malpuech-Brugère C Mensink RP Loreau O Maret A Fernie CE Lassel TS Chardigny JM Scrimgeour CM Sébédio JL Beaufrère B 《Lipids》2010,45(11):1047-1051
Few studies report the individual effect of 9c,11t- and 10t,12c-CLA on human energy metabolism. We compared the postprandial oxidative metabolism of 9c,11t- and 10t,12c-CLA and oleic acid (9c-18:1) in 22 healthy moderately overweight volunteers. After 24 weeks supplementation with 9c,11t-, 10t,12c-CLA or 9c-18:1 (3 g/day), subjects consumed a single oral bolus of the appropriate [1-13C]-labeled fatty acid. 8 h post-dose, cumulative oxidation was similar for 9c-18:1 and 10t,12c (P = 0.66), but significantly higher for 9c,11t (P < 0.01). 相似文献