变性淀粉的种类及应用

本文较全面地综述了变性淀粉的种类,生产方法及应用,尤其对淀粉在纺织中的应用作了综述和展望。本文概述了几种典型的变性淀粉,如酸变性淀粉、氧化淀粉、酯化淀粉、醚化淀粉,交联淀粉及接枝共聚型变性淀粉。     

绿色化学品-改性淀粉的制备与应用研究进展

简要介绍了淀粉的结构特点,重点评述了改性淀粉如羧甲基淀粉、氧化淀粉、阳离子淀粉、交联淀粉、接枝淀粉、多元改性淀粉的改性和应用现状。指出改性淀粉作为许多工业的原辅料,其原料资源丰富,易生物降解,因此具有广阔的发展前景。     

淀粉酯的合成、性质及应用

由于淀粉的可再生性和可应用性现已受到人们的广泛关注。通过酯化过程对淀粉改性,使淀粉的性质发生改变,扩大了淀粉的应用领域。文章对琥珀酸淀粉酯、醋酸淀粉酯、柠檬酸淀粉酯、长链脂肪酸淀粉酯、磷酸淀粉酯、硫酸淀粉酯的合成、性质及应用进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

荔枝核淀粉提取工艺及其性质的研究

以荔枝核为原料 ,提取了其中的淀粉 ,并对其进行了纯化。对所得荔枝核淀粉的性质进行了研究 ,其中包括荔枝核淀粉的含量、淀粉中链淀粉和还原糖的含量 ,以及淀粉的颗粒形貌、溶解度、淀粉中的单糖组成。由于荔枝核的颜色较深 ,因此对荔枝核淀粉的最佳脱色条件也进行了研究 ,从而得到了一种性质较好的、较实用的淀粉     

复合醚化淀粉制备工艺研究进展

复合醚化淀粉是一类重要的改性淀粉,在工业生产中具有广泛的应用。本文综述了交联醚化淀粉、酯化醚化淀粉、氧化醚化淀粉等复合醚化淀粉制备工艺的研究进展,重点探讨了目前的研究热点及存在的问题,最后展望了复合醚化淀粉今后的发展趋势。     

化学工业出版社重点书推荐

《变性淀粉制造与应用》(第2版)张燕萍主编39.00元该书重点介绍了变性淀粉的生产、性质和应用,列举了大量的淀粉改性与应用的实例,收集了许多变性淀粉的检测方法,同时还对淀粉的其它深加工产品的生产、性质及应用做了介绍。此次修订大幅增加了淀粉原料品种及其化学组成和质量标准;增加了各种不同原料淀粉的生产工艺及企业质量标准;增加了直链淀粉、支链淀粉及中间物质的结构分析;增加了糊精、脂肪酸淀粉酯、多孔淀粉、抗性淀粉及微球淀粉的性质及应用、生产反应机理、生产工艺、反应条件及生产实例;补充了酸变性淀粉、氧化淀粉、预糊化淀粉、淀粉磷酸单酯、淀粉乙酸酯、羟丙基淀粉、两性淀粉及多元变性淀粉的应用;补充了变性淀粉在食品中的应用实例;增加了淀粉及变性淀粉生产、研发中的分析检测方法;新增了淀粉加工的废水处理技术的内容;同时作为附录列出了淀粉(包括衍生物和副产品)工业中常用的术语。     

淀粉/聚丙撑碳酸酯/马来酸酐酯化淀粉完全生物降解塑料的研究

制备了马来酸酐酯化淀粉,红外光谱分析证明淀粉进行了酯化反应,讨论了影响酯化淀粉接枝率的各种因素,确定了马来酸酐酯化淀粉的最佳反应条件。同时制备了淀粉/聚丙撑碳酸酯/马来酸酐酯化淀粉完全生物降解塑料,研究了酯化淀粉加入量对共混物的力学性能和微观形态的影响。结果表明:加入马来酸酐酯化淀粉后,改善了淀粉和聚丙撑碳酸酯的相容性,共混物的力学性能有很大提高。     

全生物降解淀粉塑料的研究进展

介绍了全生物降解淀粉塑料的研究目的及意义,综述了热塑性淀粉塑料、淀粉/可降解聚合物共混物和淀粉/天然高分子共混物3种全生物降解淀粉塑料的研究进展,包括热塑性淀粉塑料的生产原理和优势、增塑剂的选择与配比对热塑性淀粉塑料的影响、淀粉与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯醇、聚己内酯、聚乳酸、纤维素、木质素、蛋白质等共混后的性能。最后分析了全生物降解淀粉塑料研究中存在的问题,并对全生物降解淀粉塑料进行了展望。     

复合交联淀粉在食品工业中的应用研究进展

复合交联淀粉以其优异的性能在食品工业中得到了广泛应用,本文综述了交联淀粉、交联醚化淀粉、交联酯化淀粉和交联氧化淀粉等复合交联淀粉的特点及其在食品工业中的应用,重点讨论了目前的研究热点及其今后的发展趋势,探讨了复合交联变性淀粉在食品工业领域的发展前景。     

复合改性淀粉胶粘剂的研究进展

介绍了淀粉及其胶粘剂的优缺点。针对淀粉胶粘剂的不足之处,采用不同的物理或化学方法对淀粉及其胶粘剂进行改性(如树脂类聚合物改性淀粉、酯类聚合物改性淀粉、烯烃类聚合物改性淀粉和其他改性方法等),并对改性淀粉胶粘剂的原理和研究进展进行了综述。最后展望了淀粉及其胶粘剂改性方法的发展方向。     

微波场对小麦淀粉性质的影响

研究了微波辐射前后小麦淀粉物化性质的变化。采用微波对水分含量30％的小麦淀粉进行处理。结果表明微波处理淀粉颗粒表面出现小孔，微波处理增强了对应X射线衍射峰的强度，降低了膨胀度、溶解度、析水率以及焓值，提高了糊化转变温度、转变温度范围。小麦淀粉经处理后糊化起始温度升高、黏度降低，但其黏度曲线不改变。以上数据表明在淀粉颗粒内无定形区和结晶区的直链淀粉与直链淀粉、直链淀粉与支链淀粉发生交互作用，产生了新的不同稳定性的结晶体，从而导致微波处理淀粉内部更加有序的结晶排列。     

Graft polymerization of different monomers onto carbamated starches derived from native and hydrolyzed starches

Rice starch was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid so that starches would be obtained with different molecular sizes. The derived hydrolyzed starches were carbamated at various reaction times and were grafted with different monomers with a potassium permanganate/citric acid system as an initiator. The newly tailored starch‐derived products were evaluated as sizing agents. The extent of carbamation increased with increasing hydrolysis and increasing reaction time. The graft yields of different monomers on carbamated starches and carbamated hydrolyzed starches increased with increasing carbamation and increasing hydrolysis in the following order: acrylamide > acrylonitrile > acrylic acid. Cotton fabrics sized with grafted carbamated hydrolyzed starches acquired higher mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance) than hydrolyzed starches, carbamated starches, and carbamated hydrolyzed starches. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 959–965, 2003     

Hydrolysis of granular starch at sub-gelatinization temperature using a mixture of amylolytic enzymes

Native granular starches (corn, cassava, mung bean, and sago) were hydrolyzed using a mixture of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase at 35 °C for 24 h. Hydrolyzed starches were analyzed for the degree of hydrolysis and for physicochemical and functional properties. Corn starch showed the highest degree of hydrolysis, as evidenced by the presence of distinct pores penetrating deep into the granules. Enzymatic erosion occurred mainly at the surface for cassava, whereas isolated porous structures were observed in hydrolyzed mung bean and sago starch. The amylose content was significantly lower in all starches except for sago starch. The powder X-ray diffraction of all starches showed no significant changes after hydrolysis, but hydrolyzed starches showed a more crystalline nature. The action of enzymes caused significant changes in some pasting properties and in the swelling/solubility of starches. Evidently, enzymes were able to hydrolyze granular starches to a variable degree at sub-gelatinization temperature, and produced a relatively high degree of conversion.     

Alcoholic-alkaline treatment of sago starch and its effect on physicochemical properties

Sago starch (Metroxylon sagu) was subjected to an alcoholic-alkaline treatment using varied amounts of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and a constant amount of ethanol at 35 °C. The cold water-solubility (CWS) of all the sago starches increased with an increase in the concentration of NaOH. For samples with high CWS, the Maltese-cross effect was absent when viewed under a light microscope. These granules were also larger than the native starches and had an indented appearance. The X-ray diffraction pattern changed from a C to a V for starches with high CWS. The amylose content of the treated sago starches increased significantly, whereas the intrinsic viscosity and peak viscosity values for treated starches were lower than the native starches. The gelatinization enthalpy decreased and was not detectable for sago starch with high CWS. It was evident that the alcoholic-alkaline treatment was effective for the production of granular cold water-soluble sago starches.     

Effect of graft-copolymerization with poly(acrylamide) on rheological and thermal properties of cassava starch

Graft copolymers of different grafting levels were synthesised by the free radical initiated reaction of cassava starch with acrylamide in presence of ceric ammonium nitrate. The viscosity properties of the native granular starch and the grafted starches were determined using a Rapid visco analyzer (RVA) and rheological properties by frequency sweep test under different conditions using a rheometer. Some of the grafted starches exhibited significantly higher and some others exhibited drastically reduced peak viscosity values irrespective of the percentage grafting. All the grafted starches exhibited very good viscosity stability as evidenced from the highly reduced breakdown and higher final viscosity values in comparison to native cassava starch. Thermal analysis of the pure granular cassava starch and grafted starches was carried out using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry. DSC studies showed that in comparison to native starch, the grafted starches showed lower temperatures of transition. The thermal stability of cassava starch was enhanced by grafting as observed from the thermogravimetric data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

改性淀粉在建筑材料中的应用及实例

作为一类重要的天然聚合物添加剂，众多的淀粉及其衍生物已被研制生产出来，并且研究了它们用于不同的建筑材料的性质，如黏着力、增稠效果、抗下垂性、抗滑移性、与纤维素醚的协同作用等。而且，已有不少淀粉被应用于建材领域。包括预糊化淀粉、醚化淀粉、交联淀粉、淀粉磷酸酯。所涉及的建材领域包括干粉砂浆、腻子粉、瓷砖黏合剂、白乳胶、墙纸粉、耐火材料等。本文对改性淀粉在中国建材行业的研究与发展做了综述。并介绍了它们的一些重要特性及应用实例。     

Preparation of insoluble cationic starches and their use in heavy metal anion removal

A series of water-insoluble anion exchange starches were prepared by the the reaction of various cationic monomers with highly crosslinked starches. These starch products contain tertiary amine and quaternary ammonium functionalities which are effective in removing chromate, dichromate, ferrocyanide, ferricyanide, molybdate, permanganate, and other heavy metal anions from industrial waste effluents. The binding capacity of these anion exchange starches is similar to that of commercial macroreticular resins.     

Modified tapioca starch as a rheology modifier in acrylic dispersion system

Tapioca starch was modified by esterification reaction using octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) to use as a rheological modifier. Effect of degree of substitution (DS = 0.01–0.04) of octenyl side chain on rheological properties of modified starch in acrylic dispersion system (ASD) was investigated. At low starch to dry acrylic ratio (0.2:100), shear viscosity at low shear rate of OSA-starch containing ASD system increased when the DS of OSA-starch increased. Thickening ability and thixotropic behavior of modified starches in acrylic dispersion system were studied at various modified starches to dry acrylic ratios (0.1–4:100). The results showed that modified starches provided good thickening efficiency. Moreover, an optimum concentration of modified starches, giving the highest thickening efficiency decreased as the DS increased. Results of rheological behavior illustrated that associative networks were formed by hydrophobic interaction between octenyl side chains and acrylic particles in acrylic dispersion system. The rheological properties of modified starches prepared in this study showed a potential in using as an associative thickener in water-based coating system.     

甘薯变性淀粉的研制

总结了制取甘薯氧化淀粉、可溶性淀粉、酸变性淀粉和磷酸淀粉等变性淀粉的最佳工艺参数，并对这些变性淀粉的理化特性进行了研究。这些产品在食品、纺织、造纸、建筑、医药等行业具有广阔的应用前景。     

Eco-friendly denture adhesives (EFDAs) filled with different types of natural starches: mechanical and biological performance evaluation

Abstract

This research focuses on the development of eco-friendly denture adhesives (EFDAs) by studying the effects of the addition of different types of native and modified natural starches as fillers in denture adhesive properties for dental applications. The properties of EFDAs filled with single and hybrid starches in comparison with a selected commercial denture adhesive were investigated. The investigated single starches were corn, tapioca and sago while the hybrid starches used were corn/tapioca (CT), corn/sago (CS) and tapioca/sago (TS), all with ratio of 1:1. The EFDAs were prepared with 5, 10 and 15 percent (wt. %) loading of starch filler. The starches were chemically and physically modified via oxidation and gelatinization techniques. The mechanical characterization performed were tensile bonding strength (TBS), adhesiveness and hardness, as well as cytotoxicity test by using an MTT assay for biological analysis. Mechanical analysis indicated that produced EFDAs have higher tensile bond strength, adhesiveness and hardness as compared to the commercial denture adhesive. The increment was associated with the addition of hybrid starches and an optimum filler loading at 10%. The EFDAs were also non-toxic to the dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) up to 48?h. EFDA has good potential to be used as a natural based denture adhesive as it contains natural materials namely starch which enhances its properties. The properties were suitable for better denture bonding, retention and showed good interaction with the biological environment.