表面活性剂结构对其在水-空气界面吸附性影响

研究了聚乙二醇-马来松香-聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物和聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇-聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物(P123)表面活性剂在水-空气表面的吸附行为并对结构的影响进行了评价。考察了不同结构对吸附行为的影响,包括临界胶束浓度(CMC),形态转变和吸附量。利用再定向理论研究了聚氧乙烯基表面活性剂在水-空气表面的吸附和形态转变过程。随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,在水-空气表面溶剂的物质的量分数降低,表面活性剂在水-空气界面上的物质的量分数增加。计算了吸附在表面上的两种状态表面活性剂的吸附量。吸附的自由能远小于胶束形成的自由能,表明表面活性剂优先吸附在表面上,达到饱和后就形成胶束。     

三元复合体系表面活性剂吸附规律的影响研究

为研究三元复合驱体系在地层渗流过程中界面张力的变化情况,首先对三元复合驱体系对表面活性剂的吸附规律进行研究。本文以河南油田为研究对象,以单分子吸附理论和静吸附理论为基础,利用数值模拟方法和物理模拟实验分别研究碱和聚合物浓度变化对表面活性剂吸附量的影响,研究表明:伴随碱浓度增加,表面活性剂的吸附量呈现逐渐降低后趋于平缓趋势,碱浓度越高,表面活性剂吸附量达到平衡时的浓度越低。随着聚合物浓度的升高,表面活性剂的吸附量呈现先降低而后略微的上升趋势。     

甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂在高温高矿化度油藏条件下砂岩表面的吸附规律

利用紫外分光光度法测定了甜菜碱型两性离子表面活性剂在3种不同砂岩表面的吸附量,研究了甜菜碱型两性离子表面活性剂在胜利油藏环境下的吸附等温线,分别从吸附热力学和吸附动力学角度考察了两性离子表面活性剂在砂岩表面上的吸附规律,并对两性离子表面活性剂在石英砂、净砂、油砂表面吸附规律进行对比。结果表明,甜菜碱型两性离子表面活性剂在砂岩表面吸附符合Langmuir吸附规律,在石英砂上的吸附量最多,净砂次之,在油砂上的吸附量最少。温度由60～70℃的焓变小于温度为70～80℃的焓变,随温度升高影响趋势逐渐变小。Elovich方程能更好的描述吸附量随时间的变化关系。     

复合改性膨润土的制备及吸附苯胺的特性

选用不同碳链长度及不同类型的表面活性剂与聚合羟基铝对膨润土进行复合改性,表明长碳链表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品相对于短碳链表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品对苯胺有较好的吸附效果,阴离子表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品比阳离子表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品对苯胺有更好的吸附效果。采用正交试验得到的最优复合改性样品吸附苯胺,表明样品对苯胺的吸附符合准二级动力学模型(R2≈1),粒内扩散并不是控制吸附的惟一限速步骤,Freundlich等温线模型比Langmuir等温线模型更适合描述吸附过程,吸附过程为吸热物理过程(△Hθ=9.39 k J·mol-1)。     

表面活性剂在油砂表面的吸附滞留性研究进展

为了弄清在化学驱尤其是三元复合驱过程中表面活性剂在地层岩石表面吸附损失的原因,本文在大量的文献阅读基础上综述了不同体系中表面活性剂在固-液界面的吸附机理,国内外在降低表面活性剂在油砂表面吸附的新进展,根据国内驱油用表面活性剂的性质特点,对降低表面活性剂在大庆油砂表面的吸附滞留方法提出一些新的见解。     

活性炭吸附废水中表面活性剂的试验研究

为了探索一种新的表面活性剂废水处理方法,试验研究了活性炭经不同方法改性后对表面活性剂的吸附规律。结果表明:经浓硝酸和H2O2改性的活性炭对表面活性剂的吸附量分别是原始活性炭的1.4和1.5倍。通过活性炭静态吸附试验发现:三种活性炭在4h达到吸附平衡,改性后的活性炭吸附能力明显增强。在动态吸附试验中,原始活性炭在360min达吸附饱和,其它两种改性活性炭在300min达吸附饱和。改性后的活性炭比原始活性炭的吸附效果好,且用H2O2改性的活性炭较用浓硝酸改性的吸附能力更强。     

化学驱油过程中表面活性剂吸附损失的研究

通过实验方法,对辽河某油田驱油过程中表面活性剂吸附损失进行了研究。对固液界面吸附表面活性剂段塞经过多孔性油藏时,表面活性剂被岩石吸附亏损,使得段塞中表面活性剂的有效浓度降低,进行了剖析。怎样减少表面活性剂在油砂表面的吸附滞留,在普遍采用化学驱来提高原油采收率的今天有着重要的实用意义。     

全氟烷基表面活性剂吸附特性研究

针对全氟烷基季铵碘化物(Le-134)、全氟烷基磷酸酯(Le-107)和全氟烷基聚醚(Le-180)三种表面活性剂水溶液的平衡态表面张力和吸附动力特性进行了研究。临界胶束浓度的大小关系为Le-180 (15×10^-6) -6) -6)；饱和吸附量Г_max大小关系为 Le-107 相似文献   

高效氟氯氰菊酯微乳剂形成规律探索

通过研究高效氟氯氰菊酯微乳剂形成过程中表面活性剂混剂、助表面活性剂与高效氟氯氰菊酯最大加入量的关系，利用多元回归处理方法，建立了表面活性剂混剂、助表面活性剂与高效氟氯氰菊酯最大加入量三者之间的数学模型；通过测定不同温度下高效氟氯氰菊酯的最大加入量，得出高效氟氯氰菊酯最大加入量随温度升高而增大的规律。     

表面活性剂溶液的动态表面张力与吸附动力学研究（待续）

重点讨论了表面活性剂的单体或预胶束溶液中气／液界面的平衡与动态的表面张力和吸附情况。平衡表面张力的数据可联系到Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ平衡吸附等温方程和Ｇｉｂｂｓ吸附方程;介绍了表态表面张力测量方法与基本参数,讨论了扩散控制吸附模型与混合动力吸附模型,由动态表面张力数据可得到表观扩散系数值,并结合吸附模型中,可得到动态吸附的各个参数（如吸附附速率常数、脱附速率常数等）。同时,对表面活性剂胶束溶液的动态表面     

Dynamic surface tension and surface dilatational elasticity properties of mixed surfactant/protein systems

We present the study on dynamic surface tension and surface dilatational elasticity properties of dilute aqueous systems of pentaglycerol fatty acid esters (pentaglycerol monostearate, C18G5, and pentaglycerol monooleate, C18:1G5, whey protein, sodium caseinate, and mixed surfactant and protein at room temperature. The adsorption kinetics at the air-liquid interface has been studied by bubble pressure tensiometer and the oscillation bubble (rising drop) method. It has been shown that the dynamic surface tension curve basically presents two-regions; namely induction region and rapid fall region. During the induction time the adsorption is the diffusion-controlled process of amphiphilic surfactant or protein molecules from the bulk of the solution to the interface. Whey protein and sodium caseinate showed longer induction time approximately 10000 ms compared to the surfactant systems, where induction time was estimated to be approximately 1000 ms. However, in both the protein and surfactant systems, the induction time goes on decreasing with increasing the concentrations. The similar behavior was observed in the mixed system, and lower surface tension values were observed at higher concentrations. The fitting of the experimental data to the theoretical equation shows the presence of two relaxation mechanisms of widely different time scale for the adsorption of surfactant or protein molecules at the interface. The relaxation time strongly varies with the concentrations following the power law, and at fixed concentration it was the highest for whey protein and the lowest for C18:1G5 system. The surface dilatational elasticity determined within the frequency range of approximately 0.1 to 1 cycle/s supports the dynamic surface tension data.     

Application of Dispersed Particle Gel to Inhibit Surfactant Adsorption on Sand

This article highlights an efficient and cost-effective additive-dispersed particle gel (DPG) to reduce surfactant adsorption on sand. Indoor experiments were conducted to study the effect of DPG on static adsorption and dynamic adsorption of the surfactant. The static adsorption data were evaluated using different isotherm models and the Redlich–Peterson isotherm matched the best. Results showed a significant inhibition of surfactant adsorption in the presence of DPG. The dynamic adsorption of SDS on sand decreased to 0.78, 0.68 and 0.61 mg/g compared with original value of 1.17 mg/g by adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt% DPG particles, respectively. This study suggests that DPG can inhibit the adsorption of surfactant on sand effectively.     

AP-P4/SDBS二元体系在石英砂上的吸附特性

针对AP-P4/SDBS聚表二元体系,选用不同浓度配方的聚表体系,在石英砂上展开静态吸附和动态滞留实验,研究聚表体系中各组分的吸附规律,考察了浓度、温度、矿化度对组分的吸附影响。结果表明,聚表二元体系中各组分在石英砂上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模式,其中,SDBS表现为双分子层吸附、AP-P4表现为单分子层吸附特质。AP-P4与SDBS存在竞争吸附关系,SDBS的吸附量是AP-P4的20多倍。温度和矿化度升高,SDBS的吸附量增大。聚表二元体系中SDBS的动态滞留量小于其静态吸附量,而AP-P4的动态滞留量大于其静态吸附量。     

表面活性剂/聚合物二元复合体系超低界面张力的影响因素研究

为了研究二元复合体系超低界面张力的影响因素,通过物理实验方法分别测得不同条件下界面张力的变化规律。结果表明,石油磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂在一定的浓度范围内可以达到超低界面张力;加入聚合物的表面活性剂所形成的二元复合体系可以有效地延长表面活性剂到达平衡界面张力值所需的时间;分子吸附理论可以解释同浓度表面活性剂的界面张力先降低到最低再升高的原因,同时也可以解释高浓度表面活性剂能够在较短时间内达到超低界面张力值的原因。     

Research on Oleic Acid Amide Betaine Used in Surfactant-Polymer Compound Flooding for Ordinary Heavy Oil

In view of the low recovery rate associated with water flooding, as well as the scaling problems caused by traditional alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding, the feasibility of using a betaine surfactant with high interfacial activity for chemical flooding of ordinary heavy oil was investigated. Aqueous solutions of oleic acid amide betaine (OAAB) with the mass concentration of 0.01% can reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to the ultralow level (10⁻³ mN m⁻¹), making it suitable for chemical flooding. To solve the problem of high adsorption onto sandstone, static adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption tests were carried out. The results show that the weakly alkaline lignin can significantly reduce the adsorption quantity of OAAB by more than 40%, based on which, a compound-flooding system of 0.1% partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) + 0.1% OAAB +0.75% lignin was constructed. Compared with water flooding, the ultimate rate was enhanced by 20.4%, resulting in a final recovery rate of 53.9%. The study of oil displacement mechanism shows that the excellent ability to reduce the oil–water interfacial tension of OAAB can emulsify heavy oil to small droplets easily, exhibiting better capacity in oil displacement efficiency. The polymer can increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase, reduce the mobility ratio of water to oil, weaken the fingering effect, and improve the sweep efficiency. Lignin can not only reduce the adsorption quantity of betaine surfactant, but also promote the adsorption of OAAB onto the oil–water interface, leading to enhance the emulsification performance of OAAB and maintain the oil displacement efficiency effectively. Therefore, the surfactant-polymer flooding system based on the betaine surfactant can be developed into an economically and technically feasible flooding technology suitable for ordinary heavy oil reservoirs.     

A new surfactant wettability alteration model for reservoir simulators

Surfactants enhance oil recovery in naturally-fractured oil-wet rocks by wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction. The oil-wet state is ascribed to the adsorption of soap on the rock surface. Soaps are the dissociated forms of carboxylic acids in the crude oil, that is, carboxylate surfactants. This paper describes a new mechanistic surfactant wettability alteration model that was developed for and implemented in a reservoir simulator. The model captures the geochemical reactions of acid/soap, the formation of mixed micelles, Henry's law adsorption, and the formation of cationic surfactant-anionic soap ion-pairs. A new wettability scaling factor is used to interpolate between the oil-wet and water-wet relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. The new model also accounts for the effect of salinity and pH, so it should also be useful for modeling low-salinity flooding without surfactant. Previous surfactant wettability alteration models ignored the underlying mechanisms and were not predictive. Simulations of both static and dynamic imbibition were performed to better understand the key surfactant parameters and the dynamics of wettability alteration, microemulsion phase behavior, and interfacial tension reduction on oil recovery. Optimizing surfactant formulations for wettability alteration is discussed.     

表面活性剂HLB值对炭黑色浆分散稳定性的影响

考察了表面活性剂的亲水疏水平衡值(HLB)及添加量对色浆中炭黑润湿、分散及稳定性的影响,借助等效润湿接触角法、润湿热法、分散函数、稳定函数法和理想化模型法等对色浆体系稳定性进行了评价,并对稳定机理进行了分析. 结果表明,无论是引入单一型表面活性剂还是复配型表面活性剂,只有当体系的HLB值与炭黑的HLB值接近时,才能达到良好的润湿、分散与稳定效果;复配表面活性剂对炭黑分散效果优于单一型表面活性剂;阴离子与非离子表面活性剂复配的分散效果明显优于非离子与非离子表面活性剂复配;添加5.0wt%表面活性剂时体系分散稳定性最佳;基于吸附层理论与结合力理论较好地解释了表面活性剂存在最佳HLB值和添加量的原因.     

Equilibrium and Dynamic Adsorption of Bioethanol on Activated Carbon in the Liquid Phase

Equilibrium batch and dynamic column adsorption of bioethanol from the liquid phase on a commercial activated carbon was investigated. The effects of operational parameters, including flow rate, bed height, and initial solute concentration on the column breakthrough curve were studied. Axial dispersion was estimated by a tracer experimental breakthrough curve. Two mathematical models were developed to predict dynamic experimental results. The equilibrium results showed that the Toth isotherm could better predict the experimental adsorption data than the Langmuir model. The dynamic experimental results showed that increasing the flow rate decreases the column capacity. The macropore diffusion model and the linear driving force model were in good agreement with the experimental dynamic results.     

Enhanced sorption of phenanthrene on activated carbon in surfactant solution

Distribution of a hazardous hydrophobic organic compound (HOC) and a nonionic surfactant in aqueous/activated carbon systems was investigated. Phenanthrene was selected as a representative HOC and Triton X-100 as a surfactant. Three activated carbons that differed in size (Darco 20-40, 12-20 and 4-12 mesh sizes) were used in the adsorption experiments. The system was analyzed using a mathematical partitioning model and compared with intrinsic sorption of phenanthrene without the effect of sorbed surfactant. Phenanthrene was sorbed onto activated carbon in a greater amount than an estimated value by intrinsic sorption, even though surfactant molecules covered most of surfaces. The sorbed surfactant was much more effective as a sorbent for phenanthrene, in the range of 1.2-98 for effectiveness factor, than was activated carbon, particularly at high surfactant doses. We introduced surface molar solubilization ratio (MSR_s) for sorbed micelles of surfactant and mathematically estimated using effectiveness factor and available carbon fraction of activated carbon after surfactant sorption. The MSR_s for sorbed surfactant was 5-46 times higher than the MSR for micellar surfactant in bulk solution. The sorbed surfactant onto activated carbon can more effectively remove hazardous organic compounds in liquid environmental samples.