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1.
生物表面活性剂及其在环境工程中的应用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
生物表面活性剂是由微生物产生的一类具有表面活性的生物化合物。相对于化学合成的表面活性剂,生物表面活性剂对生态系统安全无毒,且可生物降解,因而其应用前景非常广阔,并有可能成为化学合成表面活性剂的替代品或升级换代品。本文介绍了生物表面活性剂的结构性能、分类及其微生物来源和发展前景,着重介绍了它在环境工程中的应用。  相似文献   

2.
通过分析可聚合表面活性剂的结构,讨论其对乳液聚合的影响,总结了理想可聚合表面活性剂的行为,还介绍了可聚合表面活性剂的工业品应用。  相似文献   

3.
综述了天然表面活性剂、双子表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、反应型表面活性剂和特种表面活性剂等新型表面活性剂的性能以及在皮革工业中的应用现状;最后针对新型表面活性剂在皮革工业应用中存在的问题,对其发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

4.
详细综述了废弃油脂在洗涤用表面活性剂、轻纺用表面活性剂以及其他类型表面活性剂制备中的应用,并对其在表面活性剂制备应用中的意义进行了阐述。  相似文献   

5.
王晨伊  刘琦  彭勃  吕静 《化工进展》2019,38(9):4012-4019
表面活性素(surfactin)是一类由革兰氏阳性的枯草芽孢杆菌产生的脂肽(lipopeptide)型生物表面活性剂,因其具有优于化学合成表面活性剂的若干优点,如低毒性、高生物降解性、更好的环境相容性,且在极端环境下稳定性好,在提高石油采收率方面有较好的应用潜力,但是目前只有少数的生物表面活性剂可以大规模生产实现工业化应用。本文介绍了surfactin生物表面活性剂的化学结构和生物合成机制,并对其发酵生产过程的影响因素进行分析,为提高其生产经济性探索不同的策略,例如使用更便宜的原材料、优化培养基组分、优化反应器等,系统论述了surfactin生物表面活性剂的驱油机理和其与化学合成表面活性剂的复配研究,同时针对其应用时的不足之处提出研究新思路。  相似文献   

6.
木质素作为一种天然高分子化合物,其来源丰富,可以用来代替石油资源制备表面活性剂,缓解当前石油资源枯竭的问题。常见的木质素基表面活性剂有阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂以及非离子表面活性剂。木质素基表面活性剂在工业领域具有广泛的应用范围,可以作为染料分散剂、混凝土减水剂、沥青乳化剂以及原油采集过程中的驱油剂等。木质素基表面活性剂的开发利用为生物质产品的高值化利用开辟了一条新的路径。  相似文献   

7.
用丙烯酸酯法合成了N-十二烷基-β-氨基丙酸型两性表面活性剂,并介绍了合成该类表面活性剂的一些其他方法,同时将该表面活性剂应用于洗涤剂配方中测试了其应用性能。  相似文献   

8.
作为捕收剂使用的表面活性剂在矿物加工中是最重要的浮选药剂。它们分为含硫表面活性剂和不含硫表面活性剂,分别用于硫化矿和非硫化矿的浮选。本文回顾了表面活性剂在矿物浮选发展中的地位和作用,介绍了表面活性剂在浮选工作中的应用现状以及表面活性剂的性质对其浮选性能的影响。  相似文献   

9.
硼酸酯表面活性剂的研究及应用   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
介绍了硼酸酯表面活性剂的结构以及性能改善的方法,综述了硼酸酯表面活性剂的合成研究进展及其在抗静电、阻燃和抗磨等领域的应用现状,重点阐述了高分子硼酸酯表面活性剂抗静电性能的研究应用,并对其在含能材料等工业部门的应用前景进行了展望。附参考文献27篇。  相似文献   

10.
概述了国内外稠油乳化降黏用表面活性剂的研究进展,详细介绍了阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、阴离子一非离子两性表面活性剂及高分子表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂和氟碳表面活性剂等新型表面活性剂在稠油乳化降黏中的应用,评价了各种表面活性剂的优缺点,并提出了稠油乳化降黏用表面活性剂的发展前景。  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this review is to outline the beneficial role of surfactants as corrosion inhibitors in the petroleum field. After an introduction and brief notes on fundamentals of surfactants, the article shows the most important corrosion problems in the oil industry and the effective role of surfactants to solve these problems. The reported mechanisms of corrosion inhibition by surfactants are also considered. Key results are extracted from publications covering the past 50 years.  相似文献   

12.
烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐类表面活性剂的多功能性和应用前景   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
介绍了最早实现工业化的双亲水基阴离子表面活性剂烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐的制备方法、性能特点,并与传统的单亲水基阴离子表面活性剂进行了比较。认为这类表面活性剂非常适于配制低温无磷超浓缩液体洗涤剂以及含漂白剂的洗涤剂,并有望在三次采油及土壤修复等与地质有关的场合大量应用。  相似文献   

13.
烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐类表面活性剂的多功能性和应用前景   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
介绍了最早实现工业化的双亲水基阴离子表面活性剂烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐的制备方法、性能特点,并与传统的单亲水基阴离子表面活性剂进行了比较。认为这类表面活性剂非常适于配制低温无磷超浓缩液体洗涤剂以及含漂白剂的洗涤剂,并有望在三次采油及土壤修复等与地质有关的场合大量应用。  相似文献   

14.
Dembitsky VM 《Lipids》2004,39(10):933-953
Alkyl and fatty acid glycosides have become of great commercial interest in general and specifically for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Natural surfactants are good sources for future chemical preparation of these glycosides. This review article shows an astonishing diversity of natural surfactants that could be used in laboratories and industry. More than 250 natural surfactants, including their chemical structures and biological activities, are described in this review article.  相似文献   

15.
Silicone surfactants have been widely used in our daily life and many industrial fields on the basis of their unusual properties. Only in the past decades has the use of silicone as a hydrophobic building block for the preparation of surfactants become common. The recent trend to combine silicone, polyoxyalkylene and carbohydrate moieties in the same molecule has resulted in a plethora of new compounds with new properties. The generic structure and surface activity of silicone surfactants are reviewed in this article. Especially, the preparation, properties and application of carbohydrate-modified silicone surfactants such as glucosamide-containing and glycoside-containing silicone surfactants are described in detail. In addition, the future development of silicone surfactants is discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Sulfonated Gemini surfactants are a relatively new class of anion surfactants, composed of 2 or more sulfonated surfactant monomers connected by a spacer at or near the head groups through a covalent bond. In general, the sulfonated Gemini surfactants show better properties compared to conventional anionic surfactants including better surface activity, a lower critical micelle concentration, enhanced detergency, excellent compatibility with other surfactants, and better solubility in high ionic strength systems. This article reviews the synthesis of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants using different raw materials. Based on the existing information in the literature, new ideas are proposed for the synthesis and application of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants.  相似文献   

17.
二聚表面活性剂的制备、性质与应用   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
二聚表面活性剂是由两个双亲体通过一个间隔链连接构成的。二聚表面活性剂表现出了与传统的单链表面活性剂不同的性质。例如 ,它能够更有效地降低表面张力以及更有效地形成胶束。其对应的C2 0 值和CMC值大约分别比相应的单链离子型表面活性剂小三个数量级和两个数量级。  相似文献   

18.
阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Gemini表面活性剂,这种新颖表面活性剂的研究已成为当前表面化学领域的热点课题,它是通过联接基团将2个单链单头基表面活性剂在离子头基处以化学键方式联接起来。阴离子Gemini表面活性剂就是其中一种,按照其结构特点,可分为磺酸型、羧酸型、磷酸型等。作者综述了阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展和合成现状。  相似文献   

19.
Dembitsky VM 《Lipids》2005,40(7):641-660
FA amide glycosides are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active natural surfactants are good prospects for future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or for industry. More than 200 unusual and interesting natural surfactants, including their chemical structures and biological activities, are described in this review article. For previous article in this series see Reference 1.  相似文献   

20.
This article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic surfactants; (ii) bio-based surfactants; and (iii) microbial biosurfactants. The first group is the most widespread and cost-effective. It is composed of surfactants, which are synthetically produced, using non-renewable sources, with a final structure that is different from the natural components of living cells. The second category comprises surfactants of intermediate biocompatibility, usually produced by chemical synthesis but integrating fats, sugars or amino acids obtained from renewable sources into their structure. Finally, the third group of surfactants, designated as microbial biosurfactants, are considered the most biocompatible and eco-friendly, as they are produced by living cells, mostly bacteria and yeasts, without the intermediation of organic synthesis. Based on the information included in this review it would be interesting for cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries to consider microbial biosurfactants as a group apart from surfactants, needing specific regulations, as they are less toxic and more biocompatible than chemical surfactants having formulations that are more biocompatible and greener.  相似文献   

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